multiple functions The ADAMs family of metalloproteases
... that directs ADAMs into the secretory pathway and a prodomain that functions in ADAMs maturation (Fig. 1). Primarily, the prodomain keeps the metalloprotease site of ADAMs inactive, through a cysteine switch (Van Wart and Birkedal-Hansen 1990; Becker et al. 1995). A conserved cysteine residue within ...
... that directs ADAMs into the secretory pathway and a prodomain that functions in ADAMs maturation (Fig. 1). Primarily, the prodomain keeps the metalloprotease site of ADAMs inactive, through a cysteine switch (Van Wart and Birkedal-Hansen 1990; Becker et al. 1995). A conserved cysteine residue within ...
Plant hormone perception and action: a role for G-protein
... adenine in both root and shoot tissues, suggesting a role for GCR1 in the perception or transduction of this plant hormone (Plakidou-Dymock et al. 1998). ...
... adenine in both root and shoot tissues, suggesting a role for GCR1 in the perception or transduction of this plant hormone (Plakidou-Dymock et al. 1998). ...
Endomembrane trafficking protein SEC24A regulates cell size
... well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differentiation. At the simplest level, cell size is determined by growth and division. Although ma ...
... well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differentiation. At the simplest level, cell size is determined by growth and division. Although ma ...
ARVO 2017 Annual Meeting Abstracts 514 Non
... controls via IF staining with F4/80 (macrophage marker) using flow cytometry. Isolated cells underwent single cell qRT-PCR using TLR7, TLR9, and GAPDH (house-keeping gene control) primers. ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was applied to compare the groups. p<0.05 was considered statistically signifi ...
... controls via IF staining with F4/80 (macrophage marker) using flow cytometry. Isolated cells underwent single cell qRT-PCR using TLR7, TLR9, and GAPDH (house-keeping gene control) primers. ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was applied to compare the groups. p<0.05 was considered statistically signifi ...
Endomembrane trafficking protein SEC24A regulates cell size
... well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differentiation. At the simplest level, cell size is determined by growth and division. Although ma ...
... well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differentiation. At the simplest level, cell size is determined by growth and division. Although ma ...
symmetry breaking in cellular systems
... rupture to relax the tension (Paluch et al., 2005). The relaxed region then expands as a result of pulling forces from the adjacent regions, which may lead to large cortical reorganizations and cell polarization (Fig. 1 d). By adding a bias with intracellular or extracellular cues, cells can use thi ...
... rupture to relax the tension (Paluch et al., 2005). The relaxed region then expands as a result of pulling forces from the adjacent regions, which may lead to large cortical reorganizations and cell polarization (Fig. 1 d). By adding a bias with intracellular or extracellular cues, cells can use thi ...
The Plant Extracellular Matrix: News from the Cell`s Frontier
... Figure 2. A Model for the Synthesis of Cellulose, Callose, and 3-D-Glucans by a Single Synthase Complex. The problem in forming a (1->4)-3-D-glucosyl linkage is the 180° inversion in the orientation of each glucosyl unit with respect to its neighbor, depicted here by the different shading. Instead o ...
... Figure 2. A Model for the Synthesis of Cellulose, Callose, and 3-D-Glucans by a Single Synthase Complex. The problem in forming a (1->4)-3-D-glucosyl linkage is the 180° inversion in the orientation of each glucosyl unit with respect to its neighbor, depicted here by the different shading. Instead o ...
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... across the presumptive anterior-posterior axis of the embryo. PAR3 and another PDZ-domain-containing protein, PAR-6, and PKC3 (aPKC) are localized anteriorly, while the ring-finger protein PAR-2 and the kinase PAR-1 are localized posteriorly. The localization of the anterior and posterior PAR protei ...
... across the presumptive anterior-posterior axis of the embryo. PAR3 and another PDZ-domain-containing protein, PAR-6, and PKC3 (aPKC) are localized anteriorly, while the ring-finger protein PAR-2 and the kinase PAR-1 are localized posteriorly. The localization of the anterior and posterior PAR protei ...
Review Convergent Extension - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process. One of the attractions of working on embryos is the fascination of watching them change their shape. Despite the temptation to study morphogenesis, most devel ...
... Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process. One of the attractions of working on embryos is the fascination of watching them change their shape. Despite the temptation to study morphogenesis, most devel ...
Cancer stem cells and addicted cancer cells
... results in accelerated growth [9,10]. The amount of cells that contain only a mutation in the APC gene is small compared to the amount of cells that contain mutations in both APC and KRAS genes. During accelerated expansion to large cell numbers, additional mutations accumulate in genes such as PIK2 ...
... results in accelerated growth [9,10]. The amount of cells that contain only a mutation in the APC gene is small compared to the amount of cells that contain mutations in both APC and KRAS genes. During accelerated expansion to large cell numbers, additional mutations accumulate in genes such as PIK2 ...
Unequal division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its implications
... step precedes the actual initiation of D N A replication by at least two other steps, those controlled by the products of genes cdc4 and cdc 7 (15). The cdc 28 controlled step is also the step at which mating factors arrest haploid cells, apparently in order to synchronize the two cell cycles before ...
... step precedes the actual initiation of D N A replication by at least two other steps, those controlled by the products of genes cdc4 and cdc 7 (15). The cdc 28 controlled step is also the step at which mating factors arrest haploid cells, apparently in order to synchronize the two cell cycles before ...
Activation of the Protein Kinase Akt/PKB by the
... engagement has been thus far poorly investigated, although newly available evidence suggest that E-cadherins may participate in transducing outside-in signals (16). Of interest, it has been reported recently that E-cadherins can mediate aggregation-dependent cell survival in a variety of experimenta ...
... engagement has been thus far poorly investigated, although newly available evidence suggest that E-cadherins may participate in transducing outside-in signals (16). Of interest, it has been reported recently that E-cadherins can mediate aggregation-dependent cell survival in a variety of experimenta ...
A protein kinase target of a PDK1 signalling pathway is involved in
... was reduced to background levels, the phosphorylation site mutation had no effect on the AGC2-1 interaction with AtPDK1. These data showed that phosphorylation of AGC21 within the activation loop, possibly by AtPDK1, is critical for its activity, but not required for AtPDK1 interaction. Contrary to ...
... was reduced to background levels, the phosphorylation site mutation had no effect on the AGC2-1 interaction with AtPDK1. These data showed that phosphorylation of AGC21 within the activation loop, possibly by AtPDK1, is critical for its activity, but not required for AtPDK1 interaction. Contrary to ...
Tea4p Links Microtubule Plus Ends with the Formin For3p in the
... cells initiate growth from the “new end” (the end created by cell division) in a process known as New End Take Off (NETO), so that they grow in a bipolar mode until mitosis (Mitchison and Nurse, 1985). F-actin is organized at sites of cell growth as actin patches, which may function in endocytosis, ...
... cells initiate growth from the “new end” (the end created by cell division) in a process known as New End Take Off (NETO), so that they grow in a bipolar mode until mitosis (Mitchison and Nurse, 1985). F-actin is organized at sites of cell growth as actin patches, which may function in endocytosis, ...
The Plant Extracellular Matrix: News from the Cell`s
... Figure 2. A Model for the Synthesis of Cellulose, Callose, and 3-D-Glucans by a Single Synthase Complex. The problem in forming a (1->4)-3-D-glucosyl linkage is the 180° inversion in the orientation of each glucosyl unit with respect to its neighbor, depicted here by the different shading. Instead o ...
... Figure 2. A Model for the Synthesis of Cellulose, Callose, and 3-D-Glucans by a Single Synthase Complex. The problem in forming a (1->4)-3-D-glucosyl linkage is the 180° inversion in the orientation of each glucosyl unit with respect to its neighbor, depicted here by the different shading. Instead o ...
The Proteome of Native Adult Müller Glial Cells From Murine
... For many years, research on retinal diseases mainly concentrated on investigations of functional deficits of retinal neurons. Müller cells, the dominant macroglia cells of the retina, were considered passive bystanders. However, owing to their distinct morphology spanning the whole thickness of the ...
... For many years, research on retinal diseases mainly concentrated on investigations of functional deficits of retinal neurons. Müller cells, the dominant macroglia cells of the retina, were considered passive bystanders. However, owing to their distinct morphology spanning the whole thickness of the ...
Pulsatile Stretch Remodels Cell-to-Cell Communication in Cultured
... Abstract—Mechanical stretch is thought to play an important role in remodeling atrial and ventricular myocardium and may produce substrates that promote arrhythmogenesis. In the present work, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 4 days as confluent monolayers on thin silicone membrane ...
... Abstract—Mechanical stretch is thought to play an important role in remodeling atrial and ventricular myocardium and may produce substrates that promote arrhythmogenesis. In the present work, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 4 days as confluent monolayers on thin silicone membrane ...
Bacillus globigii cell size is influenced by
... cascade (Kolodkin-Gal and Engelberg-Kulka 2008). This peptide, the extracellular death factor (EDF), is a pentapeptide with the amino acid sequence NNWNN. It was found that EDF originates from the zwf gene, which codes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and is involved in the pentose phosphate p ...
... cascade (Kolodkin-Gal and Engelberg-Kulka 2008). This peptide, the extracellular death factor (EDF), is a pentapeptide with the amino acid sequence NNWNN. It was found that EDF originates from the zwf gene, which codes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and is involved in the pentose phosphate p ...
The Euglena
... called the reservoir. Color the reservoir grey and the flagellum black. The Euglena is unique in that it is both heterotrophic (must consume food) and autotrophic (can make its own food). Chloroplasts within the euglena trap sunlight that is used for photosynthesis, and can be seen as several rod li ...
... called the reservoir. Color the reservoir grey and the flagellum black. The Euglena is unique in that it is both heterotrophic (must consume food) and autotrophic (can make its own food). Chloroplasts within the euglena trap sunlight that is used for photosynthesis, and can be seen as several rod li ...
Caspary T, Garc a-Garc a MJ, Eggenschwiler JR, Wyler MR, Huangfu D, Rakeman AS, Lee JD, Alcorn HL, Anderson KV. Curr Biol. 2002 Sep 17;12(18):1628-32. Mouse Dispatched homologue1 is required for long-range, but not juxtacrine, Hh signaling.
... identified recessive ENU-induced mutations in six genes that prevent normal specification of ventral cell types in the spinal cord. We positionally cloned the genes responsible for two of the mutant phenotypes, smoothened and dispatched, which are homologs of Drosophila Hh pathway components. The Di ...
... identified recessive ENU-induced mutations in six genes that prevent normal specification of ventral cell types in the spinal cord. We positionally cloned the genes responsible for two of the mutant phenotypes, smoothened and dispatched, which are homologs of Drosophila Hh pathway components. The Di ...
Suppression by Filarial Parasites Not IL
... profound proliferative suppression was still observed. This demonstrated that suppression was an active process and not due to an absence of costimulatory molecules or reduced numbers of effective APC. Moreover, while suppression could be transferred with supernatants from cultured PEC, this was not ...
... profound proliferative suppression was still observed. This demonstrated that suppression was an active process and not due to an absence of costimulatory molecules or reduced numbers of effective APC. Moreover, while suppression could be transferred with supernatants from cultured PEC, this was not ...
Stochastic gene expression as a molecular switch for viral latency
... against stochastic fluctuations. Such negative auto-regulatory loops are common gene network motifs within cells that suppress noise in protein levels [30]. Tight regulation of CI ensures that CI levels do not become small by random chance, which may cause a spontaneous transition to the lytic state ...
... against stochastic fluctuations. Such negative auto-regulatory loops are common gene network motifs within cells that suppress noise in protein levels [30]. Tight regulation of CI ensures that CI levels do not become small by random chance, which may cause a spontaneous transition to the lytic state ...