ROS-talk – how the apoplast, the chloroplast, and the nucleus get
... accumulation of ROS. The first phase occurs within tens of minutes from the onset of infection. It is mostly apoplastic and is tightly linked to NADPH oxidase activity (Figure 2). The second increase in ROS production happens several hours after the pathogen attack (Lamb and Dixon, 1997; Jones and Da ...
... accumulation of ROS. The first phase occurs within tens of minutes from the onset of infection. It is mostly apoplastic and is tightly linked to NADPH oxidase activity (Figure 2). The second increase in ROS production happens several hours after the pathogen attack (Lamb and Dixon, 1997; Jones and Da ...
J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31;206(9):1899-911. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
... Many cell types also appear to respond to the cytosolic presence of DNA (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a). The cytosolic response to DNA does not require MAVS, but does require TBK1 and IRF3 in most cell types (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a; Sun et al., 2006). Rec ...
... Many cell types also appear to respond to the cytosolic presence of DNA (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a). The cytosolic response to DNA does not require MAVS, but does require TBK1 and IRF3 in most cell types (Ishii et al., 2006; Stetson and Medzhitov, 2006a; Sun et al., 2006). Rec ...
Bridging the divide between cytokinesis and cell
... underlying cellular membrane. The plant primary cell wall is a complex and heavily cross-linked polysaccharide made up of crystalline cellulose microfibrils within a matrix of hemicelluloses and pectins [23]. Regulated pectin cross-linking functions to allow cellulose microfibril separation during c ...
... underlying cellular membrane. The plant primary cell wall is a complex and heavily cross-linked polysaccharide made up of crystalline cellulose microfibrils within a matrix of hemicelluloses and pectins [23]. Regulated pectin cross-linking functions to allow cellulose microfibril separation during c ...
Overexpression of Ferredoxin, PETF, Enhances Tolerance to Heat
... they can cause oxidative damage to cells [3,4]. To counter the threat of oxidative damage under various environmental stresses, plants have developed ROS-scavenging mechanisms to eliminate ROS [5,6]. By combining antioxidant enzymes with antioxidants, plant cells can detoxify hydrogen peroxide and s ...
... they can cause oxidative damage to cells [3,4]. To counter the threat of oxidative damage under various environmental stresses, plants have developed ROS-scavenging mechanisms to eliminate ROS [5,6]. By combining antioxidant enzymes with antioxidants, plant cells can detoxify hydrogen peroxide and s ...
Cellular Maturation Defects in Bruton`s Tyrosine
... C␥2. Cytoplasmic ⫹ pre-B cells of mice deficient for the preBCR components 5, VpreB, membrane H chain, Ig␣, or Ig or the pre-BCR signaling molecules Syk or p85␣ do not enter the expansion phase (reviewed in Ref. 3). In contrast, absence of the pre-BCR signaling proteins Btk and BLNK/SLP-65 was ...
... C␥2. Cytoplasmic ⫹ pre-B cells of mice deficient for the preBCR components 5, VpreB, membrane H chain, Ig␣, or Ig or the pre-BCR signaling molecules Syk or p85␣ do not enter the expansion phase (reviewed in Ref. 3). In contrast, absence of the pre-BCR signaling proteins Btk and BLNK/SLP-65 was ...
PDGF signalling controls the migration of mesoderm cells during
... severe gastrulation defects (Ataliotis et al., 1995). The embryos showed a loss of anterior structures and failure of proper closure of the neural tube resulting in spina bifida, suggesting a defect in the anterior migration of mesodermal cells. Explanted prechordal plate mesoderm cells are able to ...
... severe gastrulation defects (Ataliotis et al., 1995). The embryos showed a loss of anterior structures and failure of proper closure of the neural tube resulting in spina bifida, suggesting a defect in the anterior migration of mesodermal cells. Explanted prechordal plate mesoderm cells are able to ...
Cook Dev Cell 2003
... screen, revealed that the pros-S isoform was more abundant than pros-L (Figure 3F, lanes 2 and 3); RTPCR from head mRNA revealed similar findings (data not shown). Since these proteins differ within their DNA binding domains, we tested both Pros-S and Pros-L fusion proteins in DNA binding assays wit ...
... screen, revealed that the pros-S isoform was more abundant than pros-L (Figure 3F, lanes 2 and 3); RTPCR from head mRNA revealed similar findings (data not shown). Since these proteins differ within their DNA binding domains, we tested both Pros-S and Pros-L fusion proteins in DNA binding assays wit ...
Escherichia coli Evolutionary-conserved and Essential*
... 1:50 in fresh LB supplemented with 0.2% L-arabinose to express YidC. To deplete cells for YidC, L-arabinose was omitted from the medium, and for the expression of the ecOxa1 construct IPTG was added to the medium as indicated. Cells were grown to mid-log phase, harvested, and resuspended in M9 minim ...
... 1:50 in fresh LB supplemented with 0.2% L-arabinose to express YidC. To deplete cells for YidC, L-arabinose was omitted from the medium, and for the expression of the ecOxa1 construct IPTG was added to the medium as indicated. Cells were grown to mid-log phase, harvested, and resuspended in M9 minim ...
Subcellular Communication Through RNA Transport and Localized
... Since the initial hints that dendrites might have protein synthetic capacity (10), much work has focused on the functional consequences of protein synthesis in this post-synaptic process. Using hippocampal slice preparations, the Schuman lab showed that post-synaptic protein synthesis is required fo ...
... Since the initial hints that dendrites might have protein synthetic capacity (10), much work has focused on the functional consequences of protein synthesis in this post-synaptic process. Using hippocampal slice preparations, the Schuman lab showed that post-synaptic protein synthesis is required fo ...
Lysosomal biogenesis and function is critical for necrotic cell death
... homeostasis mechanisms in necrosis. Two other major mechanisms have been implicated in cytoplasmic and subcellular organelle pH regulation; first, the sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHX), and second, the cation transporter P-type ATPase. These mechanisms operate both on the plasma membrane and at the me ...
... homeostasis mechanisms in necrosis. Two other major mechanisms have been implicated in cytoplasmic and subcellular organelle pH regulation; first, the sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHX), and second, the cation transporter P-type ATPase. These mechanisms operate both on the plasma membrane and at the me ...
PDF
... et al., 2005; James and Schultheiss, 2003; James and Schultheiss, 2005; Mauch et al., 2000; Seufert et al., 1999). Considerable evidence from studies carried out in zebrafish, Xenopus and avian embryos has shown a role for BMP, activin and retinoic acid (RA) signaling in early events of kidney speci ...
... et al., 2005; James and Schultheiss, 2003; James and Schultheiss, 2005; Mauch et al., 2000; Seufert et al., 1999). Considerable evidence from studies carried out in zebrafish, Xenopus and avian embryos has shown a role for BMP, activin and retinoic acid (RA) signaling in early events of kidney speci ...
PDF
... xyloglucan and a glucuronan. Ulvan is the family of sulfated polysaccharides that consist of large quantities of glucuronic acid and rhamnose with the main repeating disaccharide being →4)-β-dGlcAp-(1→4)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. α-l-Iduronic acid or β-xylose can replace glucuronic acid to a certain extent with ...
... xyloglucan and a glucuronan. Ulvan is the family of sulfated polysaccharides that consist of large quantities of glucuronic acid and rhamnose with the main repeating disaccharide being →4)-β-dGlcAp-(1→4)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. α-l-Iduronic acid or β-xylose can replace glucuronic acid to a certain extent with ...
Programmed Changes in Form during Moss Development
... along the cell). After addition of cytokinin, the inward current increased twofold along the length of the cell, and within minutes, current decreased near the nucleus and at the basal end of the cell. At the same time, current increased at the apical end of the caulonema cell, predicting the locati ...
... along the cell). After addition of cytokinin, the inward current increased twofold along the length of the cell, and within minutes, current decreased near the nucleus and at the basal end of the cell. At the same time, current increased at the apical end of the caulonema cell, predicting the locati ...
... proteins has been demonstrated on the surface of peripheral blood T-cells from HIV infected patients [8, 11]. In contrast to these reports we found no reduction of CD55 on ALs, which might be due to a low level of expression in HIV-1 negative controls. Unlike previous investigators [8], we detected ...
Myc Requires Distinct E2F Activities to Induce S Phase
... essentially abolished. As one further control, we also assayed the ability of E2F4⫺/⫺ cells to respond to Myc, since E2F4 is not normally induced by Myc expression. As shown in Figure 2, the E2F4⫺/⫺ cells responded equally well to Myc expression as did wild-type cells. Western blot assays demonstrat ...
... essentially abolished. As one further control, we also assayed the ability of E2F4⫺/⫺ cells to respond to Myc, since E2F4 is not normally induced by Myc expression. As shown in Figure 2, the E2F4⫺/⫺ cells responded equally well to Myc expression as did wild-type cells. Western blot assays demonstrat ...
Differential Expression of IFN Regulatory Factor 4 Gene in Human
... treated with GM-CSF and/or IL-4 (Table II). The IRF4 gene, instead, was one of the most strongly up-regulated genes in cytokinestimulated monocytes (Table II). Therefore, the regulation of IRF4 gene expression, a known partner of IRF8, was studied in more detail. First, to verify the results obtaine ...
... treated with GM-CSF and/or IL-4 (Table II). The IRF4 gene, instead, was one of the most strongly up-regulated genes in cytokinestimulated monocytes (Table II). Therefore, the regulation of IRF4 gene expression, a known partner of IRF8, was studied in more detail. First, to verify the results obtaine ...
Print
... How do cells “recognize” a lack of stimulus? It has generally been assumed that cells dying as a result of the withdrawal of required stimuli do so because of the loss of a positive survival signal. For example, nerve growth factor (NGF) provides a survival signal to certain sympathetic neurons and ...
... How do cells “recognize” a lack of stimulus? It has generally been assumed that cells dying as a result of the withdrawal of required stimuli do so because of the loss of a positive survival signal. For example, nerve growth factor (NGF) provides a survival signal to certain sympathetic neurons and ...
The ErbB/HER receptor protein
... The ErbB/HER protein-tyrosine kinases, which include the epidermal growth factor receptor, consist of a growth-factor-binding ectodomain, a single transmembrane segment, an intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase catalytic domain, and a tyrosine-containing cytoplasmic tail. The genes for the four memb ...
... The ErbB/HER protein-tyrosine kinases, which include the epidermal growth factor receptor, consist of a growth-factor-binding ectodomain, a single transmembrane segment, an intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase catalytic domain, and a tyrosine-containing cytoplasmic tail. The genes for the four memb ...
Differential expression of soluble - Tubitak Journals
... Abstract: In plants, pyrophosphate (PPi), generated in a wide range of reversible anabolic reactions, is hydrolyzed by pyrophosphatases. The presence of tonoplast- and Golgi-integral H+-translocating pyrophosphatases in plants led to the conclusion that plant cytosol has no soluble pyrophosphatase a ...
... Abstract: In plants, pyrophosphate (PPi), generated in a wide range of reversible anabolic reactions, is hydrolyzed by pyrophosphatases. The presence of tonoplast- and Golgi-integral H+-translocating pyrophosphatases in plants led to the conclusion that plant cytosol has no soluble pyrophosphatase a ...
Evidence that Shh cooperates with a retinoic acid inducible co
... and Wolpert, 1986) but also expresses activities capable of inducing Hox gene expression (Pruitt, 1994; Vidricaire et al., ...
... and Wolpert, 1986) but also expresses activities capable of inducing Hox gene expression (Pruitt, 1994; Vidricaire et al., ...
Aging and Mitochondria - SENS Research Foundation
... • But... What if new small-molecule breakers are not quickly found? ...
... • But... What if new small-molecule breakers are not quickly found? ...
Asymmetric cell division in C. elegans - Development
... along the A/P axis of the worm. These two cell types can be visualized using Nomarski optics and distinguished by differences in the morphologies of their nuclei and by the distinctive eye-shaped outline of the seam cells (Fig. 1A,B). The seam and syncytial fates also can be distinguished by using t ...
... along the A/P axis of the worm. These two cell types can be visualized using Nomarski optics and distinguished by differences in the morphologies of their nuclei and by the distinctive eye-shaped outline of the seam cells (Fig. 1A,B). The seam and syncytial fates also can be distinguished by using t ...
DataSheet
... Heparin-binding growth factor 1 (FGF1) is encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morph ...
... Heparin-binding growth factor 1 (FGF1) is encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morph ...
Light-Independent Cell Death Induced by
... not observed. During senescence, chlorophyll is degraded to safe linear tetrapyrroles in a series of reactions catalyzed by chlorophyllase, Mg-dechelatase and pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO). PaO is a Rieske-type oxygenase that catalyzes the oxygenic ring opening of pheophorbide a between C4 and C5 ( ...
... not observed. During senescence, chlorophyll is degraded to safe linear tetrapyrroles in a series of reactions catalyzed by chlorophyllase, Mg-dechelatase and pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO). PaO is a Rieske-type oxygenase that catalyzes the oxygenic ring opening of pheophorbide a between C4 and C5 ( ...