The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new
... AMPK orthologues from all eukaryotes, and mutation of the equivalent threonine residue in the yeast α subunit (Snf1p) causes a total loss of function in vivo (Estruch et al., 1992). Thus, although it is not yet clear whether the allosteric activation by AMP is conserved in all eukaryotes, the regula ...
... AMPK orthologues from all eukaryotes, and mutation of the equivalent threonine residue in the yeast α subunit (Snf1p) causes a total loss of function in vivo (Estruch et al., 1992). Thus, although it is not yet clear whether the allosteric activation by AMP is conserved in all eukaryotes, the regula ...
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit
... represents the predominant model for studying fruit ripening,5 it has been employed in studies emphasising the use of transgenes since the 1980s, and probably more is known about the structure and metabolism of cell walls from tomato fruit than those of any other plant species. However, it is import ...
... represents the predominant model for studying fruit ripening,5 it has been employed in studies emphasising the use of transgenes since the 1980s, and probably more is known about the structure and metabolism of cell walls from tomato fruit than those of any other plant species. However, it is import ...
- Wiley Online Library
... The histone landscape of male germline cells 663 Isolated GCs and SCs were spherical, with similar size (35–40 lm in diameter) but different cytological features (Figure 1e,f). Most GN appeared to be positioned in the middle of the cell, and SN were close to the cell membrane (Figure 1e,f). In addi ...
... The histone landscape of male germline cells 663 Isolated GCs and SCs were spherical, with similar size (35–40 lm in diameter) but different cytological features (Figure 1e,f). Most GN appeared to be positioned in the middle of the cell, and SN were close to the cell membrane (Figure 1e,f). In addi ...
The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF
... of myoblasts) between the two strains of null mice or between nulls and normal control mice. However, both strains of null mice appeared more prone to bystander damage of host muscle and regeneration distant from the site of injury transplantation. Although expression of TNF- may play an important ...
... of myoblasts) between the two strains of null mice or between nulls and normal control mice. However, both strains of null mice appeared more prone to bystander damage of host muscle and regeneration distant from the site of injury transplantation. Although expression of TNF- may play an important ...
EnvZ is not essential for the upregulation of OmpC following
... Increased OmpC expression and kanamycin resistance has been observed in Escherichia coli exposed to sublethal concentrations of kanamycin. However, the regulatory pathway through which kanamycin induces OmpC upregulation has not been elucidated. It is known that Escherichia coli detects increased en ...
... Increased OmpC expression and kanamycin resistance has been observed in Escherichia coli exposed to sublethal concentrations of kanamycin. However, the regulatory pathway through which kanamycin induces OmpC upregulation has not been elucidated. It is known that Escherichia coli detects increased en ...
CML cells actively evade host immune surveillance
... although no convincing results have been reported.7, 8 Similarly, it is not known whether immune recognition by the patient’s immune system is playing a part in maintaining remission of non-relapsing patients in whom TKI treatment is discontinued. While CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are conside ...
... although no convincing results have been reported.7, 8 Similarly, it is not known whether immune recognition by the patient’s immune system is playing a part in maintaining remission of non-relapsing patients in whom TKI treatment is discontinued. While CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are conside ...
Mesoderm migration in Drosophila is a multi-step process
... mesodermal tube formation, (II) collapse of the mesoderm, (III) dorsal migration and spreading and (IV) monolayer formation. Our data provide evidence that these steps are temporally distinct and that each might require different chemical inputs. To support this, we analyzed the role of fibroblast g ...
... mesodermal tube formation, (II) collapse of the mesoderm, (III) dorsal migration and spreading and (IV) monolayer formation. Our data provide evidence that these steps are temporally distinct and that each might require different chemical inputs. To support this, we analyzed the role of fibroblast g ...
Cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei sspp. in
... sterilized by filtration (0.2 pm cellulose nitrate filters) and were stored at - 15 . Culture vessels were washed with detergent 7 X (Linbro Chemical Co. Inc., Newhaven, Connecticut, U.S.A.) or, when necessary, with chromic or nitric acid. After thorough rinsing in deionized water the bottles were s ...
... sterilized by filtration (0.2 pm cellulose nitrate filters) and were stored at - 15 . Culture vessels were washed with detergent 7 X (Linbro Chemical Co. Inc., Newhaven, Connecticut, U.S.A.) or, when necessary, with chromic or nitric acid. After thorough rinsing in deionized water the bottles were s ...
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... resin. Over time, expression vectors and cell lines were improved, but the general method pioneered in Khorana’s laboratory is still used extensively today to prepare a myriad of GPCR samples for structural studies and is considered as one of the key enabling technologies in the field. In addition, ...
... resin. Over time, expression vectors and cell lines were improved, but the general method pioneered in Khorana’s laboratory is still used extensively today to prepare a myriad of GPCR samples for structural studies and is considered as one of the key enabling technologies in the field. In addition, ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... 1995). FCs are born from the asymmetric division of progenitor cells (PCs) specified at precise positions and times within the somatic mesoderm. Detailed characterization of a few somatic muscle lineages has established that muscle identity (specific shape, size, orientation) reflects the expression ...
... 1995). FCs are born from the asymmetric division of progenitor cells (PCs) specified at precise positions and times within the somatic mesoderm. Detailed characterization of a few somatic muscle lineages has established that muscle identity (specific shape, size, orientation) reflects the expression ...
Cloning and developmental expression of Sna, a murine homologue
... thus it is likely that many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are conserved. The induction, cell-type specification, migration and morphogenesis of mesoderm must occur through a series of interactions, involving both cell-cell signals and the regulation of gene expression. In order to understan ...
... thus it is likely that many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are conserved. The induction, cell-type specification, migration and morphogenesis of mesoderm must occur through a series of interactions, involving both cell-cell signals and the regulation of gene expression. In order to understan ...
Cutting the nonsense: the degradation of PTC containing mRNAs
... C. elegans mutated for SMG5, SMG6 or SMG7 are deficient in NMD and accumulate hyperphosphorylated SMG2 (the UPF1 orthologue) because UPF1 dephosphorylation is induced by PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) which is recruited by SMG5, SMG6 and/or SMG7 [25]. PP2A is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic su ...
... C. elegans mutated for SMG5, SMG6 or SMG7 are deficient in NMD and accumulate hyperphosphorylated SMG2 (the UPF1 orthologue) because UPF1 dephosphorylation is induced by PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) which is recruited by SMG5, SMG6 and/or SMG7 [25]. PP2A is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic su ...
The preplacodal region - Kings College
... where both genes are co-expressed. In contrast, loss of both genes completely abolishes the formation of otic structures (Solomon, et al., 2004; Hans, et al., 2007). Experiments in Xenopus demonstrate an even earlier role for FoxiI; loss of FoxiIa function leads to an expansion of the neural plate a ...
... where both genes are co-expressed. In contrast, loss of both genes completely abolishes the formation of otic structures (Solomon, et al., 2004; Hans, et al., 2007). Experiments in Xenopus demonstrate an even earlier role for FoxiI; loss of FoxiIa function leads to an expansion of the neural plate a ...
Full Text
... where both genes are co-expressed. In contrast, loss of both genes completely abolishes the formation of otic structures (Solomon, et al., 2004; Hans, et al., 2007). Experiments in Xenopus demonstrate an even earlier role for FoxiI; loss of FoxiIa function leads to an expansion of the neural plate a ...
... where both genes are co-expressed. In contrast, loss of both genes completely abolishes the formation of otic structures (Solomon, et al., 2004; Hans, et al., 2007). Experiments in Xenopus demonstrate an even earlier role for FoxiI; loss of FoxiIa function leads to an expansion of the neural plate a ...
Induction of phase 2 enzymes by serum oxidized polyamines
... metabolites including aldehydes and H2 O2 . In this study, we investigated the effects of polyamines as inducers of phase 2 enzymes and other genes that promote cell survival in a cell culture system in the presence of bovine serum. Spermidine and spermine (50 lM) increased NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreduc ...
... metabolites including aldehydes and H2 O2 . In this study, we investigated the effects of polyamines as inducers of phase 2 enzymes and other genes that promote cell survival in a cell culture system in the presence of bovine serum. Spermidine and spermine (50 lM) increased NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreduc ...
Roy M.Long , Wei Gu , Ellen Lorimer,
... Gonzalez et al., 1999). Each of these elements is suf®cient to localize a heterologous reporter mRNA to daughter cells. The E3 element is located predominantly in the 3¢ untranslated region (3¢-UTR) whereas the remaining three elements are found in the ASH1 open reading frame (ORF). The E1 and E3 el ...
... Gonzalez et al., 1999). Each of these elements is suf®cient to localize a heterologous reporter mRNA to daughter cells. The E3 element is located predominantly in the 3¢ untranslated region (3¢-UTR) whereas the remaining three elements are found in the ASH1 open reading frame (ORF). The E1 and E3 el ...
Role of GATA factors in development, differentiation, and
... Tissue specification of the EMS blastomere is controlled by the maternal bzip homeodomain transcription factor SKN-1, the translation of which is confined to EMS by maternally provided mRNA only to the posterior embryo. SKN-1 directly activates transcription of the genes encoding MED-1 and MED-2, tw ...
... Tissue specification of the EMS blastomere is controlled by the maternal bzip homeodomain transcription factor SKN-1, the translation of which is confined to EMS by maternally provided mRNA only to the posterior embryo. SKN-1 directly activates transcription of the genes encoding MED-1 and MED-2, tw ...
A Trojan Horse in Drug Development: Targeting of Thapsigargins
... preference to external-beam radiotherapy which has a less convincing effect than in the case of T1 and T2 stage prostate cancers. However, radical prostatectomy is seldom used as a monotherapy for T3 stage cancer, but usually combined with radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has sometimes been ...
... preference to external-beam radiotherapy which has a less convincing effect than in the case of T1 and T2 stage prostate cancers. However, radical prostatectomy is seldom used as a monotherapy for T3 stage cancer, but usually combined with radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has sometimes been ...
Bradykinin stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 production by human lung
... However, the intracellular signalling mechanisms by which BK induced proinflammatory cytokine production have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the BK-i ...
... However, the intracellular signalling mechanisms by which BK induced proinflammatory cytokine production have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the BK-i ...
Lycopene and prostate cancer
... of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, indoles, phenols, or other phytochemicals was not associated with a risk of prostate cancer [19]. In another study by Key and colleagues, in which total of 328 men diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 75 years and 328 age-matched population controls were ...
... of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, indoles, phenols, or other phytochemicals was not associated with a risk of prostate cancer [19]. In another study by Key and colleagues, in which total of 328 men diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 75 years and 328 age-matched population controls were ...
The Regulation of S Phase Initiation by p27Kip1 in NIH3T3 Cells
... cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 or 6 inactivates the growth inhibitory retinoblastoma p ...
... cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 or 6 inactivates the growth inhibitory retinoblastoma p ...
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... machinery that are involved in essential biological processes such as signaling, posttranslational protein modifications, trafficking and nuclear transport. Furthermore, guided by our proteomic survey, we identified the cause of the previously observed differentiation impairment in the histone methy ...
... machinery that are involved in essential biological processes such as signaling, posttranslational protein modifications, trafficking and nuclear transport. Furthermore, guided by our proteomic survey, we identified the cause of the previously observed differentiation impairment in the histone methy ...