Mechanisms of Hormone Action: Steroid Receptors
... Do steroids always act through classical steroid receptor mechanisms? Some effects of steroids are observed in minutes, too quickly to be explained by regulation of transcription. Rapid effects of steroids may involve changes in ion channels and membrane permeability, such as influencing membrane p ...
... Do steroids always act through classical steroid receptor mechanisms? Some effects of steroids are observed in minutes, too quickly to be explained by regulation of transcription. Rapid effects of steroids may involve changes in ion channels and membrane permeability, such as influencing membrane p ...
S-layer Structure in Bacteria and Archaea
... with layered supramolecular architectures surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. Of the finest examples of such supramolecular cell wall components are surface or S-layers. These regular paracrystalline pericellular structures were first observed in the bacterium Spirillum serpens and in the archaeum ...
... with layered supramolecular architectures surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. Of the finest examples of such supramolecular cell wall components are surface or S-layers. These regular paracrystalline pericellular structures were first observed in the bacterium Spirillum serpens and in the archaeum ...
Newly described pattern recognition receptors team up against
... caspase 1‑dependent pyroptosis is known to restrict pathogen replication and results in the re‑exposure of intracellular bacteria to extracellular immune responses5. Although caspases are a major trigger of cell death, caspase-independent pathways also exist. Among these, necroptosis, which is a for ...
... caspase 1‑dependent pyroptosis is known to restrict pathogen replication and results in the re‑exposure of intracellular bacteria to extracellular immune responses5. Although caspases are a major trigger of cell death, caspase-independent pathways also exist. Among these, necroptosis, which is a for ...
Gene Expression in Bone Cells
... flow cytometry analysis was employed. As the cells visualised as dendritic cell like, CD1a, a dendritic cell surface marker, was selected for investigation. CD1a was highly expressed in GM-CSF, M-CSF and RANKL (GMR) treated cells and was absent in osteoclasts (M-CSF and RANKL treatment). The CD1a ob ...
... flow cytometry analysis was employed. As the cells visualised as dendritic cell like, CD1a, a dendritic cell surface marker, was selected for investigation. CD1a was highly expressed in GM-CSF, M-CSF and RANKL (GMR) treated cells and was absent in osteoclasts (M-CSF and RANKL treatment). The CD1a ob ...
Bacterial Signals and Antagonists: The Interaction Between Bacteria
... there is some diffusion barrier which slows or limits export of AHLs, then it may be possible to induce the density dependent phenotype at low cell densities or independent of cell density. One possible environment where low cell density induction might occur is in a population of cells growing as a ...
... there is some diffusion barrier which slows or limits export of AHLs, then it may be possible to induce the density dependent phenotype at low cell densities or independent of cell density. One possible environment where low cell density induction might occur is in a population of cells growing as a ...
examination by electron microscopy of the interaction between
... PMN seem to be as susceptible to the necrotising action of C. ovis and like the affected macrophages are ingested when degenerate by scavenging mononuclear cells. Degenerate macrophages and PMN are less frequent at 20 hr but recovery is evident by 3-4 days. However, intracellular organisms were obse ...
... PMN seem to be as susceptible to the necrotising action of C. ovis and like the affected macrophages are ingested when degenerate by scavenging mononuclear cells. Degenerate macrophages and PMN are less frequent at 20 hr but recovery is evident by 3-4 days. However, intracellular organisms were obse ...
and γ 2 T Cells Produce IFN
... rapidly regulated by exposure to peptide Ag (25). It is not known how human ␥␦ T cells are regulated to produce those cytokines. Ideally, human ␥␦ T cells should produce IFN-␥ and TNF-␣ at a very early time in response to live bacterial products such as IBA or IAA, but not to dead bacteria or LPS. O ...
... rapidly regulated by exposure to peptide Ag (25). It is not known how human ␥␦ T cells are regulated to produce those cytokines. Ideally, human ␥␦ T cells should produce IFN-␥ and TNF-␣ at a very early time in response to live bacterial products such as IBA or IAA, but not to dead bacteria or LPS. O ...
Archaea - cloudfront.net
... 1. They both are single-celled, microscopic organisms that can come in a variety of shapes (Figure 1.1). 2. Both archaea and bacteria have a single circular chromosome of DNA and lack membrane-bound organelles. 3. Like bacteria, archaea can have flagella to assist with movement. ...
... 1. They both are single-celled, microscopic organisms that can come in a variety of shapes (Figure 1.1). 2. Both archaea and bacteria have a single circular chromosome of DNA and lack membrane-bound organelles. 3. Like bacteria, archaea can have flagella to assist with movement. ...
Vol 1. Oral presentations. 6th International PGPR workshop
... Co-immobilization of freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris or C. sorokiniana and the PGPB A. brasilense Cd in small alginate beads resulted in significantly increased growth of the microalga, when growing in synthetic or municipal wastewater. Dry and fresh weight, total number of cells, size of t ...
... Co-immobilization of freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris or C. sorokiniana and the PGPB A. brasilense Cd in small alginate beads resulted in significantly increased growth of the microalga, when growing in synthetic or municipal wastewater. Dry and fresh weight, total number of cells, size of t ...
Essentials of Biology Sylvia S. Mader
... Importance of Bacteria (cont.) • Bacteria that cause disease are called pathogens. • Pathogens create disease in two ways. – Pathogens can produce toxins that cause disease. – Pathogens can adhere to surfaces and/or invade organs or cells, causing disease. ...
... Importance of Bacteria (cont.) • Bacteria that cause disease are called pathogens. • Pathogens create disease in two ways. – Pathogens can produce toxins that cause disease. – Pathogens can adhere to surfaces and/or invade organs or cells, causing disease. ...
Probing the receptor recognition site of the FimH adhesin by f
... protein, FocH, originating from F1C fimbriae. FIC fimbriae do not bind to Dmannosides or confer agglutination of any known types of erythrocytes or yeast. It was previously shown that the FocH protein can be readily substituted by the FimH adhesin, resulting in hybrid fimbriae with the same binding ...
... protein, FocH, originating from F1C fimbriae. FIC fimbriae do not bind to Dmannosides or confer agglutination of any known types of erythrocytes or yeast. It was previously shown that the FocH protein can be readily substituted by the FimH adhesin, resulting in hybrid fimbriae with the same binding ...
An immunologist`s perspective on nutrition, immunity, and infectious
... antigen receptors. The receptors on lymphocytes are generated by somatic mechanisms during the ontogeny of each individual and thus generate a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors with random specificities on the lymphocytes. After the elimination of an infection, the antigen-specific clones rema ...
... antigen receptors. The receptors on lymphocytes are generated by somatic mechanisms during the ontogeny of each individual and thus generate a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors with random specificities on the lymphocytes. After the elimination of an infection, the antigen-specific clones rema ...
CARON, DAVID A., KAREN G. PORTER, AND ROBERT W
... Leeper, and Ee Lin Lim for technical assistance. The research was supported by NSF grants BSR 8620441 (to KG.P.) and BSR 86-20443 (to D.A.C.). Contribution 7273 from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contribution 46 from Lake Oglethorpe Limnological Association. ...
... Leeper, and Ee Lin Lim for technical assistance. The research was supported by NSF grants BSR 8620441 (to KG.P.) and BSR 86-20443 (to D.A.C.). Contribution 7273 from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Contribution 46 from Lake Oglethorpe Limnological Association. ...
The Rise of Pathogens: Predation as a Factor Driving the Evolution
... Defense and Pathogenicity Bacteria communicate through the secretion and perception of chemical cues called autoinducers (AI), in a process termed quorum sensing (QS). AIs accumulate in the ...
... Defense and Pathogenicity Bacteria communicate through the secretion and perception of chemical cues called autoinducers (AI), in a process termed quorum sensing (QS). AIs accumulate in the ...
Peptide pheromones: an overview
... peptidic pheromones for reproductive behavior in an aquatic environment. Needless to say that the most complex, interesting but as yet unidentified signaling molecules are those of mammals. All mammals emit chemical cues into the environment via urine, saliva or diverse secreted fluids. So far, only ...
... peptidic pheromones for reproductive behavior in an aquatic environment. Needless to say that the most complex, interesting but as yet unidentified signaling molecules are those of mammals. All mammals emit chemical cues into the environment via urine, saliva or diverse secreted fluids. So far, only ...
Protists - nowyoudothemath
... • In 1962 Rachel Carson published a book titled “Silent Spring” in which she condemned the use of DDT. DDT at the time was a pesticide used to destroy mosquitoes that transmitted malaria and it had been linked to cancer development in animals and humans. In 1969, Canada banned the use of DDT and sub ...
... • In 1962 Rachel Carson published a book titled “Silent Spring” in which she condemned the use of DDT. DDT at the time was a pesticide used to destroy mosquitoes that transmitted malaria and it had been linked to cancer development in animals and humans. In 1969, Canada banned the use of DDT and sub ...
The anammoxosome: an intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox
... over the two daughter cells upon division and might thus be essential to the cell’s viability. 1.1. Compartmentalization in Planctomycetes Most Planctomycetes are aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs. Their compartmentalization is in some cases complex but always involves a single intracytoplasmic membra ...
... over the two daughter cells upon division and might thus be essential to the cell’s viability. 1.1. Compartmentalization in Planctomycetes Most Planctomycetes are aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs. Their compartmentalization is in some cases complex but always involves a single intracytoplasmic membra ...
Autoimmunity Nucleic Acid-Sensing TLRs as Modifiers of
... An immediate question that comes to mind when one considers the fact that there are nucleic acid-sensing molecules in the immune system is why these proteins fail to respond to the large amount of host nucleic acids present in a tolerant individual. Some explanations have focused on unique aspects o ...
... An immediate question that comes to mind when one considers the fact that there are nucleic acid-sensing molecules in the immune system is why these proteins fail to respond to the large amount of host nucleic acids present in a tolerant individual. Some explanations have focused on unique aspects o ...
Observations upon the Growing Points in Normal and
... The association of the smaller redox-active granules with the cross-walls of Bacillus megaterium,and their absence from the non-septate filaments produced by growth in the presence of urethane is in accordance with the view that these are growing-points concerned with the development of the cross-wa ...
... The association of the smaller redox-active granules with the cross-walls of Bacillus megaterium,and their absence from the non-septate filaments produced by growth in the presence of urethane is in accordance with the view that these are growing-points concerned with the development of the cross-wa ...
Endocytosis of Viruses and Bacteria
... viruses. They are single-celled and have different shapes (spherical, spiral, or rod shaped) and appear singly or in chains. A typical bacterium is 1– 5 mm in length. It has a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, and it lacks a nucleus. Some have an additional outer membrane, and some have appendage ...
... viruses. They are single-celled and have different shapes (spherical, spiral, or rod shaped) and appear singly or in chains. A typical bacterium is 1– 5 mm in length. It has a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, and it lacks a nucleus. Some have an additional outer membrane, and some have appendage ...
Glucagon receptor recycling: role of carboxyl terminus - AJP-Cell
... recycled to the plasma membrane within 30 – 60 min following stimulation of the cells with 100 nM glucagon. In HEK-293 cells and during recycling, GR colocalized with Rab4, Rab11, -arrestin1, -arrestin2, and actin filaments, in the cytosolic and/or perinuclear domains. Glucagon treatment triggered ...
... recycled to the plasma membrane within 30 – 60 min following stimulation of the cells with 100 nM glucagon. In HEK-293 cells and during recycling, GR colocalized with Rab4, Rab11, -arrestin1, -arrestin2, and actin filaments, in the cytosolic and/or perinuclear domains. Glucagon treatment triggered ...
Quantitative Receptor Binding Assay of Interleukin
... IL-l activity or IL-l receptor expression. Thus, IL-l inhibitors isolated from febrile patient urine were analyzed by this method. IL-l receptor expression on mouse thymocytes along with expressions of other surface markers was also studied. Interleukin-l (IL-l) has a broad spectrum of biological ac ...
... IL-l activity or IL-l receptor expression. Thus, IL-l inhibitors isolated from febrile patient urine were analyzed by this method. IL-l receptor expression on mouse thymocytes along with expressions of other surface markers was also studied. Interleukin-l (IL-l) has a broad spectrum of biological ac ...
Two faces of the prokaryote concept
... determinants present in other organisms. The monera were born of Haeckel’s monist philosophy, which demanded the removal of explanatory boundaries between life and non-life. Monera complied as organisms that would have arisen spontaneously from inorganic materials. Most of the organisms Haeckel assi ...
... determinants present in other organisms. The monera were born of Haeckel’s monist philosophy, which demanded the removal of explanatory boundaries between life and non-life. Monera complied as organisms that would have arisen spontaneously from inorganic materials. Most of the organisms Haeckel assi ...
Progression of bacterial infections studied in real time
... fluorescent proteins, spanning the entire visible spectrum (~450–650 nm), are available (Chudakov et al., 2005). This allows for simultaneous observation of more than one reporter in the same experiment. In addition, induced mutations have resulted in higher fluorescence intensities and an increased ...
... fluorescent proteins, spanning the entire visible spectrum (~450–650 nm), are available (Chudakov et al., 2005). This allows for simultaneous observation of more than one reporter in the same experiment. In addition, induced mutations have resulted in higher fluorescence intensities and an increased ...
Drosophila immune cell migration and adhesion during embryonic
... over-expressed in areas the plasmatocytes normally cross, it triggers plasmatocyte accumulation, which could be caused by attraction or adhesion [13,16,25]. Pvfs have not been used to redirect plasmatocytes to a new area, as was demonstrated with another migratory cell type, border cells [46]. Expre ...
... over-expressed in areas the plasmatocytes normally cross, it triggers plasmatocyte accumulation, which could be caused by attraction or adhesion [13,16,25]. Pvfs have not been used to redirect plasmatocytes to a new area, as was demonstrated with another migratory cell type, border cells [46]. Expre ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.