Slide 1
... Hormones, like all biomolecules, have characteristic rates of decay, and are metabolized and excreted from the body through several routes. Hormones are cleared by: 1- Metabolic destruction by tissues 2- Binding with tissues 3- Excretion by the liver into bile 4- Excretion by the kidney into urine 5 ...
... Hormones, like all biomolecules, have characteristic rates of decay, and are metabolized and excreted from the body through several routes. Hormones are cleared by: 1- Metabolic destruction by tissues 2- Binding with tissues 3- Excretion by the liver into bile 4- Excretion by the kidney into urine 5 ...
Lecture 1 - Hormone Action
... Receptors have at least 2 DOMAINS: 1- Recognition domain: binds to the hormone 2- Coupling domain: couples hormone recognition to some intracellular function by generating a signal ...
... Receptors have at least 2 DOMAINS: 1- Recognition domain: binds to the hormone 2- Coupling domain: couples hormone recognition to some intracellular function by generating a signal ...
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL
... are produced. • Interior of bacterium is hyperosmotic • Osmotic drive occurs • CWD form swell and bursts • Lysis of bacteria- BACTERICIDAL ...
... are produced. • Interior of bacterium is hyperosmotic • Osmotic drive occurs • CWD form swell and bursts • Lysis of bacteria- BACTERICIDAL ...
Multicellular life cycle of magnetotactic prokaryotes
... that the cells are arranged side by side around an internal compartment, which is acellular, such that all cells maintain contact with both the external environment and the internal compartment. The cells are tightly bound to each other and have a pyramidal shape that allows them to fit in the spheri ...
... that the cells are arranged side by side around an internal compartment, which is acellular, such that all cells maintain contact with both the external environment and the internal compartment. The cells are tightly bound to each other and have a pyramidal shape that allows them to fit in the spheri ...
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL
... are produced. • Interior of bacterium is hyperosmotic • Osmotic drive occurs • CWD form swell and bursts • Lysis of bacteria- BACTERICIDAL ...
... are produced. • Interior of bacterium is hyperosmotic • Osmotic drive occurs • CWD form swell and bursts • Lysis of bacteria- BACTERICIDAL ...
Mini Review An Overview on Bacterial Motility Detection
... flagellar mode together with some basic hints. Motility determination. Beyond determination of motility by flagella staining, motility can be observed most satisfactorily both under microscope and on culture media. Use of culture medium. Bacterial motility can be shown using different types of mediu ...
... flagellar mode together with some basic hints. Motility determination. Beyond determination of motility by flagella staining, motility can be observed most satisfactorily both under microscope and on culture media. Use of culture medium. Bacterial motility can be shown using different types of mediu ...
Lecture 8
... • 3. Depolymerization occurs at the same rate throughout the tail – tail length is usually constant – a decreasing gradient of filament density exists from the front to rear of the tail – F-actin half life = 30 sec ...
... • 3. Depolymerization occurs at the same rate throughout the tail – tail length is usually constant – a decreasing gradient of filament density exists from the front to rear of the tail – F-actin half life = 30 sec ...
MHC antigeny
... • High polymorphism (10 – 100 alleles in certain locus, change of 1 or a few amino acids, able to bind various antigens), most people are heterozygotes for MHC proteins – paternally and maternally inherited alleles for certain MHC isotype. Combination of MHC alleles on one chromosome is called MHC ( ...
... • High polymorphism (10 – 100 alleles in certain locus, change of 1 or a few amino acids, able to bind various antigens), most people are heterozygotes for MHC proteins – paternally and maternally inherited alleles for certain MHC isotype. Combination of MHC alleles on one chromosome is called MHC ( ...
19–1 Bacteria
... The cells walls of archaebacteria do not contain peptidoglycan. Archaebacteria have different membrane lipids. In addition, the DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes are more like those of eukaryotes than those of ...
... The cells walls of archaebacteria do not contain peptidoglycan. Archaebacteria have different membrane lipids. In addition, the DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes are more like those of eukaryotes than those of ...
World of the Cell: Chapter 16
... Cilia and flagella are the motile appendages of eukaryotic cells • Cilia: appear in large numbers on surfaces and are shorter than flagella (2‐10 µm) • Flagella: appear usually as a single cell appendage and are longer than cilia (10‐200 µm) • Cilia can either move a unicellular eukaryote forward ( ...
... Cilia and flagella are the motile appendages of eukaryotic cells • Cilia: appear in large numbers on surfaces and are shorter than flagella (2‐10 µm) • Flagella: appear usually as a single cell appendage and are longer than cilia (10‐200 µm) • Cilia can either move a unicellular eukaryote forward ( ...
Complex array of endobionts in Petalomonas sphagnophila
... characteristics of P. sphagnophila is the presence of several green-pigmented particles B5 lm in diameter in its cytoplasm, which a previously published study suggested to be cyanobacterial endosymbionts. New data presented here, however, suggest that the green intracellular body may not be a cyanob ...
... characteristics of P. sphagnophila is the presence of several green-pigmented particles B5 lm in diameter in its cytoplasm, which a previously published study suggested to be cyanobacterial endosymbionts. New data presented here, however, suggest that the green intracellular body may not be a cyanob ...
The Gram
... D. Toxins – poisonous substance produced by a cell 1. exotoxins 2. endotoxins E. Bacteria damage the host with exotoxins: intracellular toxin released into the environment (the human body) by living gram-positive bacteria; endotoxins are phosopholipopolysaccharide macromolecules that comprise the gr ...
... D. Toxins – poisonous substance produced by a cell 1. exotoxins 2. endotoxins E. Bacteria damage the host with exotoxins: intracellular toxin released into the environment (the human body) by living gram-positive bacteria; endotoxins are phosopholipopolysaccharide macromolecules that comprise the gr ...
Culturing marine bacteria – an essential - Archimer
... originate from oligotrophic habitats where a non-growing or dormancy state may be the norm. Transition from a “non-growing” to a “growing” state in a synthetic laboratory medium is obviously a critical event but is poorly understood. Adaptation to laboratory growth conditions may well be a very slow ...
... originate from oligotrophic habitats where a non-growing or dormancy state may be the norm. Transition from a “non-growing” to a “growing” state in a synthetic laboratory medium is obviously a critical event but is poorly understood. Adaptation to laboratory growth conditions may well be a very slow ...
MHC antigeny
... • High polymorphism (10 – 100 alleles in certain locus, change of 1 or a few amino acids, able to bind various antigens), most people are heterozygotes for MHC proteins – paternally and maternally inherited alleles for certain MHC isotype. Combination of MHC alleles on one chromosome is called MHC ( ...
... • High polymorphism (10 – 100 alleles in certain locus, change of 1 or a few amino acids, able to bind various antigens), most people are heterozygotes for MHC proteins – paternally and maternally inherited alleles for certain MHC isotype. Combination of MHC alleles on one chromosome is called MHC ( ...
PilB localization determines the direction of twitching
... intensity and duration of exposure to this light, as exposure to bright blue light can ...
... intensity and duration of exposure to this light, as exposure to bright blue light can ...
Negative regulation of oncogenic signaling by receptor tyrosine
... suggests that negative circuits were added to the network relatively late in evolution, and they exhibit unexpected variation and complexity. Concentrating on negative mechanisms, we found that ligand-induced endocytosis and degradation of active receptors is a major regulatory pathway involving not ...
... suggests that negative circuits were added to the network relatively late in evolution, and they exhibit unexpected variation and complexity. Concentrating on negative mechanisms, we found that ligand-induced endocytosis and degradation of active receptors is a major regulatory pathway involving not ...
An in vitro System to Study Interactions between Bacteria and
... were cut immediately after removal of the intestine and flushed with ice-coId PBR, directly followed by gentle flushing with 30 ml ice-cold IPBR per segment. The segments were transported in IPBR on ice and everted. The everted segments were dipped in fresh IPBR, and tranjferred to 200 ml IPBR at ro ...
... were cut immediately after removal of the intestine and flushed with ice-coId PBR, directly followed by gentle flushing with 30 ml ice-cold IPBR per segment. The segments were transported in IPBR on ice and everted. The everted segments were dipped in fresh IPBR, and tranjferred to 200 ml IPBR at ro ...
between TLRs and FcRs Polyfunctional Th Cells by Cross
... During secondary immune responses, Ab-opsonized bacteria are efficiently taken up via FcRs by dendritic cells. We now demonstrate that this process induces cross-talk between FcRs and TLRs, which results in synergistic release of several inflammatory cytokines, as well as altered lipid metabolite pr ...
... During secondary immune responses, Ab-opsonized bacteria are efficiently taken up via FcRs by dendritic cells. We now demonstrate that this process induces cross-talk between FcRs and TLRs, which results in synergistic release of several inflammatory cytokines, as well as altered lipid metabolite pr ...
and virus-infected cells by NKp46
... The extracellular region of NKp46 comprises 2 C2-type Ig-like domains.11 We therefore prepared smaller versions of NKp46-Ig corresponding to the single domains fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. The membrane distal domain was named NKp46D1 and the membrane proximal domain (including a stretch of ...
... The extracellular region of NKp46 comprises 2 C2-type Ig-like domains.11 We therefore prepared smaller versions of NKp46-Ig corresponding to the single domains fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. The membrane distal domain was named NKp46D1 and the membrane proximal domain (including a stretch of ...
Cunningham_etal_2012_Experimental
... bounding membrane comparable with a metazoan fertilization envelope, large size and the absence of rigid cell walls [1 –3]. Other interpretations identify these fossils as representing non-metazoan holozoans [4]. These fossils may thus provide a snapshot of very early events in the evolution of anim ...
... bounding membrane comparable with a metazoan fertilization envelope, large size and the absence of rigid cell walls [1 –3]. Other interpretations identify these fossils as representing non-metazoan holozoans [4]. These fossils may thus provide a snapshot of very early events in the evolution of anim ...
The Nuclear Compartment Commonality Hypothesis, Enucleation
... phylogeny. The most likely candidate for the Bacteria is an early member of the PVC Superphylum (the Planctomycetes – Verrucomicrobia – Chlamydia phyla) of the Bacteria, which also includes several other phyla (Poribacter, Lentisphaerae, and the OP3 candidate phylum) not all of which have cultured b ...
... phylogeny. The most likely candidate for the Bacteria is an early member of the PVC Superphylum (the Planctomycetes – Verrucomicrobia – Chlamydia phyla) of the Bacteria, which also includes several other phyla (Poribacter, Lentisphaerae, and the OP3 candidate phylum) not all of which have cultured b ...
... The incubation of an aliquot of the eutrophic waters on BG11 agar resulted in the formation of plaques (Gumbo et al., 2010). Epiphytic and free-living bacteria were observed in the plaque areas. At least five distinct morphotypes of bacteria were found in the plaque zones: (1) plumb rod-shaped bacil ...
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... There are a few common structural ‘‘motifs’’ that result from these mechanisms. Protein gradients are widely employed to spatially structure multicellular organisms15 and eukaryotic cells, for example, during cell division,16 but are also present in bacteria. In developing organisms, they often emer ...
... There are a few common structural ‘‘motifs’’ that result from these mechanisms. Protein gradients are widely employed to spatially structure multicellular organisms15 and eukaryotic cells, for example, during cell division,16 but are also present in bacteria. In developing organisms, they often emer ...
Essential Cell Biology
... Second messenger: small molecule formed in or released into the cytosol in response to an extracellular signal (first messenger) that helps to relay the signal to the interior of the cell. Examples include cAMP, IP3 and Ca 2+ ...
... Second messenger: small molecule formed in or released into the cytosol in response to an extracellular signal (first messenger) that helps to relay the signal to the interior of the cell. Examples include cAMP, IP3 and Ca 2+ ...
VIII. B S
... sulfur granules were observed outside the cells (Fig. VIII.1). After 4–5 days, the presence of Beggiatoa filaments dramatically decreased and a white veil was formed in the underlying water of the mat system. The sulfur-rich veils became thicker if the system was left undisturbed, and dense populati ...
... sulfur granules were observed outside the cells (Fig. VIII.1). After 4–5 days, the presence of Beggiatoa filaments dramatically decreased and a white veil was formed in the underlying water of the mat system. The sulfur-rich veils became thicker if the system was left undisturbed, and dense populati ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.