Biologically Induced Mineralization by Bacteria
... constructed of phospholipid and its outer face contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is highly anionic. LPS consists of O-polysaccharide, the core polysaccharide, and lipid A. The O-sidechain can extend up to 40 nm away from the core polysaccharide which is attached to lipid A. Lipid A contains se ...
... constructed of phospholipid and its outer face contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is highly anionic. LPS consists of O-polysaccharide, the core polysaccharide, and lipid A. The O-sidechain can extend up to 40 nm away from the core polysaccharide which is attached to lipid A. Lipid A contains se ...
Plant PCD In vegetative development Suspensor degradation
... Heterozygous alleles restore male fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile radish (Raphanus sativus L.): a case of overdominance(2013) J. Exp. Bot. 64: 2041-2048. ...
... Heterozygous alleles restore male fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile radish (Raphanus sativus L.): a case of overdominance(2013) J. Exp. Bot. 64: 2041-2048. ...
Direct Visualization by Cryo-EM of the Mycobacterial Capsular
... mycobacteria is structurally related to, but more complex than that of the Gram-negative bacteria. ...
... mycobacteria is structurally related to, but more complex than that of the Gram-negative bacteria. ...
IDEXX Urine Sediment Guide
... because of false-positive and false-negative results. The majority of bacterial infections in dogs and cats are not caused by organisms that reduce nitrate to nitrite. pH: Urine pH is determined by the kidney’s ability to regulate hydrogen ion and bicarbonate concentrations within the blood. Urine p ...
... because of false-positive and false-negative results. The majority of bacterial infections in dogs and cats are not caused by organisms that reduce nitrate to nitrite. pH: Urine pH is determined by the kidney’s ability to regulate hydrogen ion and bicarbonate concentrations within the blood. Urine p ...
How much territory can a single E. coli cell control?
... longer than the parent cell. When the population is subcultured into LBNS, every cell continues to elongate and cannot divide, so that they gradually grow longer over the next 15–24 h. This elongation occurs at many points along the cell (Woldringh et al., 1987). The exact pattern of elongation poin ...
... longer than the parent cell. When the population is subcultured into LBNS, every cell continues to elongate and cannot divide, so that they gradually grow longer over the next 15–24 h. This elongation occurs at many points along the cell (Woldringh et al., 1987). The exact pattern of elongation poin ...
articles
... PAE measures the antibacterial activity (in hours or minutes) of a compound after it has been removed from the environment indicating affinity of an antimicrobial for its target. In experiments with resistant S. aureus, CSA-13 displayed significant PAE, suggesting that CSA-13’s affinity for the nega ...
... PAE measures the antibacterial activity (in hours or minutes) of a compound after it has been removed from the environment indicating affinity of an antimicrobial for its target. In experiments with resistant S. aureus, CSA-13 displayed significant PAE, suggesting that CSA-13’s affinity for the nega ...
Feasibility of using GFP‐expressing Escherichia coli, coupled with
... hourly for 8 h, then at 16, 20 and 24 h to determine the fate of the prey via the two indirect methods. The ¢rst involved monitoring the decrease in `free' prey over time via epi£uorescence microscopy (see Section 2.4). Samples were also stained with DAPI to determine any change in ciliate concentra ...
... hourly for 8 h, then at 16, 20 and 24 h to determine the fate of the prey via the two indirect methods. The ¢rst involved monitoring the decrease in `free' prey over time via epi£uorescence microscopy (see Section 2.4). Samples were also stained with DAPI to determine any change in ciliate concentra ...
Bacteria and Archaea
... divide every 20 minutes under ideal lab conditions, one reason it is used as a model organism in research. However, when growing in a human intestine, one of its natural environments, E. coli cells divide only once every 12–24 hours. But whether cell division occurs every 20 minutes or every few day ...
... divide every 20 minutes under ideal lab conditions, one reason it is used as a model organism in research. However, when growing in a human intestine, one of its natural environments, E. coli cells divide only once every 12–24 hours. But whether cell division occurs every 20 minutes or every few day ...
BioScience®
... complexity but also with the new roles emerging for cilia. These show cilia to be central players in the lives of cells, exhibiting sensory as well as motile functions and serving as sites for integrating some of the major signaling systems of the cell. These recent findings have dramatically raised ...
... complexity but also with the new roles emerging for cilia. These show cilia to be central players in the lives of cells, exhibiting sensory as well as motile functions and serving as sites for integrating some of the major signaling systems of the cell. These recent findings have dramatically raised ...
PI3K and Rho GTPase activity are required for exogenous PIP3
... membrane whether or not cells are stimulated. Within 5 seconds of stimulation with cAMP, RasG is activated as judged by its ability to bind to the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of Raf. ...
... membrane whether or not cells are stimulated. Within 5 seconds of stimulation with cAMP, RasG is activated as judged by its ability to bind to the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of Raf. ...
MS Prokaryotes
... cyanobacteria Photosynthetic bacteria. decomposer Organism that break down wastes and dead organisms and recycle their nutrients back into the environment. flagella Some bacteria also have tail-like structures called flagella. nucleoid The prokaryotic DNA consisting of a condensed single chromosome. ...
... cyanobacteria Photosynthetic bacteria. decomposer Organism that break down wastes and dead organisms and recycle their nutrients back into the environment. flagella Some bacteria also have tail-like structures called flagella. nucleoid The prokaryotic DNA consisting of a condensed single chromosome. ...
Mariam SH et al BMC 2017 - Armauer Hansen Research Institute
... dyes that stain both live and dead cells (e.g., SYTO dyes) as well as membrane-impermeable dyes (e.g., propidium iodide) that stain dead cells are used. Such distinctions between live (culturable and VBNC) and dead bacteria can have several applications (e.g., in evaluation of the effectiveness of d ...
... dyes that stain both live and dead cells (e.g., SYTO dyes) as well as membrane-impermeable dyes (e.g., propidium iodide) that stain dead cells are used. Such distinctions between live (culturable and VBNC) and dead bacteria can have several applications (e.g., in evaluation of the effectiveness of d ...
Aquatic Microbial Ecology 58:303
... on an epifluorescence microscope with a 100 W mercury lamp (Olympus Light Microscopy BX61). DAPIstained images (DAPI-images), cyanobacterial images (Cyano-images), and infrared images (IR-images) were acquired for each microscopic view field using a 100 × oil immersion objective. All images were cap ...
... on an epifluorescence microscope with a 100 W mercury lamp (Olympus Light Microscopy BX61). DAPIstained images (DAPI-images), cyanobacterial images (Cyano-images), and infrared images (IR-images) were acquired for each microscopic view field using a 100 × oil immersion objective. All images were cap ...
Principles of Bacterial Toxin Entry
... allow the free exchange of proteins between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but, instead, appear to selectively regulate which toxin effectors can pass through the syringe needle. While gram-positive bacteria do not appear to use ...
... allow the free exchange of proteins between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but, instead, appear to selectively regulate which toxin effectors can pass through the syringe needle. While gram-positive bacteria do not appear to use ...
Optimal Staining and Sample Storage Time for Direct Microscopic
... Two sources of bacteria were used in this study, soil samples and pure cultures of Pseudomonas putida. Soil samples were collected from an agricultural field in Manhattan, Kans., immediately before each set of experiments. The P. putida cultures were obtained from Carolina Biological Supplies and gr ...
... Two sources of bacteria were used in this study, soil samples and pure cultures of Pseudomonas putida. Soil samples were collected from an agricultural field in Manhattan, Kans., immediately before each set of experiments. The P. putida cultures were obtained from Carolina Biological Supplies and gr ...
Microbial Ecology
... Counterstaining was performed with 48-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and scanning confocal laser microscopy or epifluoresence microscopy with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera were used for detection of individual cells. This strategy gave insight into the relative abundance of an inoculated ...
... Counterstaining was performed with 48-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and scanning confocal laser microscopy or epifluoresence microscopy with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera were used for detection of individual cells. This strategy gave insight into the relative abundance of an inoculated ...
Microbial environments confound antibiotic efficacy
... are insensitive to our current antibiotics emphasizes the need for new antimicrobial therapies. Conventional approaches to antibacterial development that are based on the inhibition of essential processes seem to have reached the point of diminishing returns. The discovery that diverse antibiotics s ...
... are insensitive to our current antibiotics emphasizes the need for new antimicrobial therapies. Conventional approaches to antibacterial development that are based on the inhibition of essential processes seem to have reached the point of diminishing returns. The discovery that diverse antibiotics s ...
Membrane Transport
... A phagocytic cell comes in contact with the foreign object and sends pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions) around it. ...
... A phagocytic cell comes in contact with the foreign object and sends pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions) around it. ...
The neutrophil in vascular inflammation
... Molecular guidance signals (chemoattractants or chemokines) origi nating from the infection or released by tissue leukocytes form gradients that guide leukocytes to the site of infection. G protein–coupled receptors on rolling neutrophils bind chemokines sequestered on the apical endothelium, leadi ...
... Molecular guidance signals (chemoattractants or chemokines) origi nating from the infection or released by tissue leukocytes form gradients that guide leukocytes to the site of infection. G protein–coupled receptors on rolling neutrophils bind chemokines sequestered on the apical endothelium, leadi ...
Protein Kinase C Activators Inhibit Receptor
... [3H]folic acid at 37°C for several hours have 50% of the bound folate in an internal, acid-resistant compartment and 50% in an external, acid-releasable compartment. The internal- and external-bound folate exchange with each other once every hour. A reagent that inhibits the internalization of caveo ...
... [3H]folic acid at 37°C for several hours have 50% of the bound folate in an internal, acid-resistant compartment and 50% in an external, acid-releasable compartment. The internal- and external-bound folate exchange with each other once every hour. A reagent that inhibits the internalization of caveo ...
Introduction to Endocrinology
... “Clearance” of Hormones from the Blood Two factors can increase or decrease the concentration of a hormone in the blood. One of these is the rate of hormone secretion into the blood. The second is the rate of removal of the hormone from the blood, which is called the metabolic clearance rate. This i ...
... “Clearance” of Hormones from the Blood Two factors can increase or decrease the concentration of a hormone in the blood. One of these is the rate of hormone secretion into the blood. The second is the rate of removal of the hormone from the blood, which is called the metabolic clearance rate. This i ...
Chapter 7. The Cell: Cytoskeleton
... maintains shape of cell provides anchorage for organelles ...
... maintains shape of cell provides anchorage for organelles ...
27-Bacteria and Archaea
... divide every 20 minutes under ideal lab conditions, one reason it is used as a model organism in research. However, when growing in a human intestine, one of its natural environments, E. coli cells divide only once every 12–24 hours. But whether cell division occurs every 20 minutes or every few day ...
... divide every 20 minutes under ideal lab conditions, one reason it is used as a model organism in research. However, when growing in a human intestine, one of its natural environments, E. coli cells divide only once every 12–24 hours. But whether cell division occurs every 20 minutes or every few day ...
ROLE OF B LYMPHOCYTES IN CELL
... Activation of B lymphocytes by mitogens and certain thymic-independent antigens is thought to occur directly without cooperation of other cells (I, 2). In contrast, the antibody response to most soluble protein antigens is defective in the absence of stimulated T cells (3-5). In addition to differen ...
... Activation of B lymphocytes by mitogens and certain thymic-independent antigens is thought to occur directly without cooperation of other cells (I, 2). In contrast, the antibody response to most soluble protein antigens is defective in the absence of stimulated T cells (3-5). In addition to differen ...
control of inflammation by the innate immune system
... potent proinflammatory cytokine that mediates many of the early signals that establish an inflammatory state (4, 11). In some cell types, activation of the inflammasome also induces rapid cell death. Sometimes referred to as pyroptosis, this form of cell death lacks many of the hallmarks associated ...
... potent proinflammatory cytokine that mediates many of the early signals that establish an inflammatory state (4, 11). In some cell types, activation of the inflammasome also induces rapid cell death. Sometimes referred to as pyroptosis, this form of cell death lacks many of the hallmarks associated ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.