Gumbo JR and Cloete TE
... cells leading to photo-inhibition. There were ultra-structural changes that occurred in bacteria treated M. aeruginosa cells. SEM images showed swollen M. aeruginosa cells due to cell membrane damage and increased osmotic pressure. The production of intracellular stress related structures by M. aeru ...
... cells leading to photo-inhibition. There were ultra-structural changes that occurred in bacteria treated M. aeruginosa cells. SEM images showed swollen M. aeruginosa cells due to cell membrane damage and increased osmotic pressure. The production of intracellular stress related structures by M. aeru ...
Biofilms: a biological antimicrobial resistance system
... nucleic acids and in microbial enzymes. Resistance to these substances is achieved by the aforementioned mechanisms but with some peculiarities. Moreover, resistance to disinfection is frequently associated with the presence of biofilms on surfaces. The definition of resistance needs to be clarified ...
... nucleic acids and in microbial enzymes. Resistance to these substances is achieved by the aforementioned mechanisms but with some peculiarities. Moreover, resistance to disinfection is frequently associated with the presence of biofilms on surfaces. The definition of resistance needs to be clarified ...
PDF 51 - The Open University
... molecules are said to be upstream or downstream of other components of the pathway (this terminology should not be confused with that used to describe the structure of genes in relation to transcription). Ultimately, signalling molecules activate target effector proteins (an effector in this context ...
... molecules are said to be upstream or downstream of other components of the pathway (this terminology should not be confused with that used to describe the structure of genes in relation to transcription). Ultimately, signalling molecules activate target effector proteins (an effector in this context ...
Inflammation and fever
... to both minor injuries such as bruising, scratching, cuts, and abrasions, as well as to major injuries such as severe burns and amputation of limbs. Depending on the severity of the tissue damage resulting from an injury, the integrity of the skin or internal surfaces may be breached and damage to t ...
... to both minor injuries such as bruising, scratching, cuts, and abrasions, as well as to major injuries such as severe burns and amputation of limbs. Depending on the severity of the tissue damage resulting from an injury, the integrity of the skin or internal surfaces may be breached and damage to t ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... Phytopathol. Soc. 1981, no. 328) were able to visualize fimbriae of R. japonicum, R. trifolii, and Rhizobium meliloti after cultivating these strains under special conditions. As part of a program in our laboratory aimed to characterize factors involved in nodulation by Rhizobium leguminosarum at th ...
... Phytopathol. Soc. 1981, no. 328) were able to visualize fimbriae of R. japonicum, R. trifolii, and Rhizobium meliloti after cultivating these strains under special conditions. As part of a program in our laboratory aimed to characterize factors involved in nodulation by Rhizobium leguminosarum at th ...
- Wiley Online Library
... and the efficiency of aPDT increases with time of photoexcitation. Agreeably, an e of 50% was achieved within the first 10 min of photosensitization of RB treated bacteria except, in those treated with 10 mM concentration. In contrast, both the highest concentrations of photosensitizer (RB) used or ...
... and the efficiency of aPDT increases with time of photoexcitation. Agreeably, an e of 50% was achieved within the first 10 min of photosensitization of RB treated bacteria except, in those treated with 10 mM concentration. In contrast, both the highest concentrations of photosensitizer (RB) used or ...
Select Acetophenones Modulate Flagellar Motility in Chlamydomonas
... active compound, 4-nitroacetophenone, also showed antibacterial activity against several other species in a second study (15). This study suggested that external cell hydrophobicity was correlated with activity, which could explain why the compounds are inhibitory toward the very lipid-rich mycobact ...
... active compound, 4-nitroacetophenone, also showed antibacterial activity against several other species in a second study (15). This study suggested that external cell hydrophobicity was correlated with activity, which could explain why the compounds are inhibitory toward the very lipid-rich mycobact ...
Jen Salm
... Normal mechanisms of uptake were not affected (eg. LPS-IgG opsinized) with bacteria initially enclosed within small phagosomes, but the phagosomes fused with macropinosomes and SP. SP formation occurs without LPS stimulation SPs containing Salmonella persist for considerably longer than those ...
... Normal mechanisms of uptake were not affected (eg. LPS-IgG opsinized) with bacteria initially enclosed within small phagosomes, but the phagosomes fused with macropinosomes and SP. SP formation occurs without LPS stimulation SPs containing Salmonella persist for considerably longer than those ...
Salinibacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel, extremely halophilic
... Five brightly red-pigmented, motile, rod-shaped, extremely halophilic bacteria were isolated from saltern crystallizer ponds in Alicante (two strains) and Mallorca (three strains), Spain. They grew optimally at salt concentrations between 20 and 30 % and did not grow below 15 % salts. Thus, these is ...
... Five brightly red-pigmented, motile, rod-shaped, extremely halophilic bacteria were isolated from saltern crystallizer ponds in Alicante (two strains) and Mallorca (three strains), Spain. They grew optimally at salt concentrations between 20 and 30 % and did not grow below 15 % salts. Thus, these is ...
Document
... • Their molecular weight is very low in comparison to the molecular mass of protein. • Short peptides comprising one or two amine bonds are penetrated through the brush border membrane by either ...
... • Their molecular weight is very low in comparison to the molecular mass of protein. • Short peptides comprising one or two amine bonds are penetrated through the brush border membrane by either ...
Physiology Student Objectives Enduring understanding 2.C
... Enduring understanding 2.C: Organisms use feedback mechanisms to regulate growth and reproduction, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Essential knowledge 2.C.1: Organisms use feedback mechanisms to maintain their internal environments and respond to external environmental changes. a. Negative feed ...
... Enduring understanding 2.C: Organisms use feedback mechanisms to regulate growth and reproduction, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Essential knowledge 2.C.1: Organisms use feedback mechanisms to maintain their internal environments and respond to external environmental changes. a. Negative feed ...
Novel adenosine and cAMP signalling pathways in migrating glial
... of 76 cells). These results indicate that adenosine induces a [Ca2+ ]i response in glial cells in a concentration-dependent manner with maximal effects at 10 M. Adenosine was still able to elicit calcium responses also if experiments were performed in N2 medium (data not shown), instead of Tyrode’s ...
... of 76 cells). These results indicate that adenosine induces a [Ca2+ ]i response in glial cells in a concentration-dependent manner with maximal effects at 10 M. Adenosine was still able to elicit calcium responses also if experiments were performed in N2 medium (data not shown), instead of Tyrode’s ...
G-protein-coupled receptor kinases
... relative paucity of GRKs, it is likely that individual GRKs have broad and possibly overlapping receptor substrate specificities. Direct evidence for a role of GRKs in receptor desensitization and phosphorylation has been obtained only for a limited number of G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, m ...
... relative paucity of GRKs, it is likely that individual GRKs have broad and possibly overlapping receptor substrate specificities. Direct evidence for a role of GRKs in receptor desensitization and phosphorylation has been obtained only for a limited number of G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, m ...
Membrane receptors in the gastrointestinal tract
... We shall describe here the plasma membrane receptors of cells originating from the gastrointestinal tract that are--as are such receptors in other tissues-integrated components of one or other of three different types of communication pathway. Each pathway consists of extracellular receptor agonists ...
... We shall describe here the plasma membrane receptors of cells originating from the gastrointestinal tract that are--as are such receptors in other tissues-integrated components of one or other of three different types of communication pathway. Each pathway consists of extracellular receptor agonists ...
Class I MHC Molecule Protein in Association with an Allogeneic
... containing the entire sequence of p2Ca (5). Both peptides are derived from a ubiquitous intracellular protein, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) (5, 6). A synthetic p2Cb peptide was digested in vitro with cellular extracts containing proteosomes and was found to produce active fragments, suggesting ...
... containing the entire sequence of p2Ca (5). Both peptides are derived from a ubiquitous intracellular protein, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) (5, 6). A synthetic p2Cb peptide was digested in vitro with cellular extracts containing proteosomes and was found to produce active fragments, suggesting ...
Targeting of P-Selectin to Two Regulated Secretory Organelles in
... present in P-selectin. The cytoplasmic tail of this protein has been shown to contain the information responsible for targeting to granules (12), and we therefore constructed ssHRP Psel~ctin in which a reporter (HRP) replaces the luminal domain of this type 1 membrane protein (Fig. 1). H R P was use ...
... present in P-selectin. The cytoplasmic tail of this protein has been shown to contain the information responsible for targeting to granules (12), and we therefore constructed ssHRP Psel~ctin in which a reporter (HRP) replaces the luminal domain of this type 1 membrane protein (Fig. 1). H R P was use ...
Physiological effects of long-term energy
... Respiration of starving cells. Respiration was measured indirectly by 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT; grade 1) reduction (Trevors et al. 1982). Triplicate samples (25 ml) of starving cells were transferred to 60 m1 serum bottles. Each sample received 2.5 m1 of IN ...
... Respiration of starving cells. Respiration was measured indirectly by 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT; grade 1) reduction (Trevors et al. 1982). Triplicate samples (25 ml) of starving cells were transferred to 60 m1 serum bottles. Each sample received 2.5 m1 of IN ...
Changes in some factors of the innate... and serum zinc and iron concentrations ...
... ANDONOVA, M. , BORISSOV, I. & SOTIROV, L. 2001. Changes in some factors of the innate immunity and serum zinc and iron concentrations in pigs following intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 68:91-99 The changes in some factor ...
... ANDONOVA, M. , BORISSOV, I. & SOTIROV, L. 2001. Changes in some factors of the innate immunity and serum zinc and iron concentrations in pigs following intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 68:91-99 The changes in some factor ...
The ecological digestive system and its colonisation
... Climax biota Succession of the microbiota ends when a climax biota has formed (35). The climax biota in adults changes little during the lives of healthy animals maintained under stable environmental and nutritional conditions (35, 46). As with their successions, adult biotas are similar in general ...
... Climax biota Succession of the microbiota ends when a climax biota has formed (35). The climax biota in adults changes little during the lives of healthy animals maintained under stable environmental and nutritional conditions (35, 46). As with their successions, adult biotas are similar in general ...
coding space – head direction cells
... why bother with all of this?... in theory... deductive reckoning circuit direction cells work by integrating internal cues ADN cells combine information about current head direction head movement (turning) proposed that PSC & ADN cells... constitute a looping circuit, compute directi ...
... why bother with all of this?... in theory... deductive reckoning circuit direction cells work by integrating internal cues ADN cells combine information about current head direction head movement (turning) proposed that PSC & ADN cells... constitute a looping circuit, compute directi ...
Planctomycetes and eukaryotes: A case of analogy not homology
... was seen as ‘a relatively harmless habit, like eating peanuts, unless it assumes the form of an obsession; then it becomes a vice’ [1]. Today there is an abundance of genomic and cell biological data that speak to the origin of eukaryotes. If there is any vice left in the topic, it is speculation th ...
... was seen as ‘a relatively harmless habit, like eating peanuts, unless it assumes the form of an obsession; then it becomes a vice’ [1]. Today there is an abundance of genomic and cell biological data that speak to the origin of eukaryotes. If there is any vice left in the topic, it is speculation th ...
protein phosphorylation in bacteria
... International Union of Biochemists has recommended the following names: • Phosphotransferases with a hydroxyl group as an acceptor (i.e. serine or threonine), called protein serine/threonine kinases (E.C. 2.7.10), which produce O-phosphates; • Phosphotransferases with a phenolic group as an acceptor ...
... International Union of Biochemists has recommended the following names: • Phosphotransferases with a hydroxyl group as an acceptor (i.e. serine or threonine), called protein serine/threonine kinases (E.C. 2.7.10), which produce O-phosphates; • Phosphotransferases with a phenolic group as an acceptor ...
Compartments Target the Antigen to Distinct Intracellular B Cell
... (28). One part of this effect can be explained by increased internalization of C3b-TeNT complexes mediated by complement receptors (CR) (29). Moreover, C3b induces some modifications of processing of the Ag linked (30), resulting in increased formation of highly stable MHC-II-peptide complexes (31). ...
... (28). One part of this effect can be explained by increased internalization of C3b-TeNT complexes mediated by complement receptors (CR) (29). Moreover, C3b induces some modifications of processing of the Ag linked (30), resulting in increased formation of highly stable MHC-II-peptide complexes (31). ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.