The role of P2 receptors in controlling infections by intracellular
... Abstract A growing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of ATPe-signalling via P2 receptors as an important component of the inflammatory response to infection. More recent studies have shown that ATPe can also have a direct effect on infection by intracellular pathogens, by modulating ...
... Abstract A growing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of ATPe-signalling via P2 receptors as an important component of the inflammatory response to infection. More recent studies have shown that ATPe can also have a direct effect on infection by intracellular pathogens, by modulating ...
Chemokine-Induced Migration Inhibits Integrin
... Cofilin phosphorylation by Lin-11-Isl-1-Mec-3 kinase in response to semaphorin inhibits cofilin ability to bind and depolymerize pointed ends of F-actin, which inhibits F-actin turnover in neuron growth cones. Moreover, three recent reports indicate that integrin function is regulated by semaphorins ...
... Cofilin phosphorylation by Lin-11-Isl-1-Mec-3 kinase in response to semaphorin inhibits cofilin ability to bind and depolymerize pointed ends of F-actin, which inhibits F-actin turnover in neuron growth cones. Moreover, three recent reports indicate that integrin function is regulated by semaphorins ...
Beginnings of a Good Apoptotic Meal: The Find-Me and
... (Lauber et al., 2003). Because there is a high concentration of LPC in the serum or plasma (100 mM), it is unclear how LPC can set up a gradient to attract phagocytes specifically to the proximity of apoptotic cells. Although high concentration of LPC could be present locally near a dying cell and t ...
... (Lauber et al., 2003). Because there is a high concentration of LPC in the serum or plasma (100 mM), it is unclear how LPC can set up a gradient to attract phagocytes specifically to the proximity of apoptotic cells. Although high concentration of LPC could be present locally near a dying cell and t ...
Bacterial digestive enzyme activity in the stomach and hepatopancreas of Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars, 1857)
... within the digestive tract of these animals in terms of enzyme production (Lewis & Whitney, 1968; Lewis, 1980; Mayasich & Smucker, 1987), however, has been comparatively overlooked. A particularly high digestive potential is shown by crustaceans, and they can utilise a wide range of organic substrat ...
... within the digestive tract of these animals in terms of enzyme production (Lewis & Whitney, 1968; Lewis, 1980; Mayasich & Smucker, 1987), however, has been comparatively overlooked. A particularly high digestive potential is shown by crustaceans, and they can utilise a wide range of organic substrat ...
Bio1A - Lec 6 slides File
... • built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits • structural role - to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell ...
... • built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits • structural role - to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell ...
Bactericidal activity of the organo
... and causes a six orders of magnitude decrease in viability in a protein-rich medium, but not in a protein-poorer medium, unless 2-mercaptoethanol is added. Subinhibitory concentrations inhibit motility and biofilm formation. AS101 enters the bacterium through its porins and causes bacterial damage t ...
... and causes a six orders of magnitude decrease in viability in a protein-rich medium, but not in a protein-poorer medium, unless 2-mercaptoethanol is added. Subinhibitory concentrations inhibit motility and biofilm formation. AS101 enters the bacterium through its porins and causes bacterial damage t ...
A New Laboratory Cultivation of Paramecium bursaria Using Non
... containing 4 ml of the lettuce infusion inoculated with the selected bacteria strain. Six cultures for each bacteria strain were made. Three of them were incubated under constant white fluorescent light (1.02 W/m2) and three were incubated in the dark. The watch glasses were placed in Petri dishes, l ...
... containing 4 ml of the lettuce infusion inoculated with the selected bacteria strain. Six cultures for each bacteria strain were made. Three of them were incubated under constant white fluorescent light (1.02 W/m2) and three were incubated in the dark. The watch glasses were placed in Petri dishes, l ...
Evaluation of flow cytometry as replacement for plating in in vitro
... major pharmaceutical companies14. Now that antibiotic resistance is rising as a major problem, it is compounded by the fact that there are few new antibiotics in the research pipeline. This is likely not due to scientists having exhausted the space of possible drugs, but rather because the pharmaceu ...
... major pharmaceutical companies14. Now that antibiotic resistance is rising as a major problem, it is compounded by the fact that there are few new antibiotics in the research pipeline. This is likely not due to scientists having exhausted the space of possible drugs, but rather because the pharmaceu ...
implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare
... has been shown to be virulent in fish, in which the derivative Rough and Soft types are non-virulent [18-20]. Therefore, identification of the structures and cell organisation of these virulent and non-virulent types can provide valuable information on how bacteria behave outside the host and offer ...
... has been shown to be virulent in fish, in which the derivative Rough and Soft types are non-virulent [18-20]. Therefore, identification of the structures and cell organisation of these virulent and non-virulent types can provide valuable information on how bacteria behave outside the host and offer ...
IUG - CELL BIO - E
... with the electron microscope. The freeze-etching technique has been used to cleave membranes down the center of the lipid bilayer, splitting them in half and exposing the interior. In this way it has been discovered that many membranes, including the plasma membrane, have a complex internal structur ...
... with the electron microscope. The freeze-etching technique has been used to cleave membranes down the center of the lipid bilayer, splitting them in half and exposing the interior. In this way it has been discovered that many membranes, including the plasma membrane, have a complex internal structur ...
Differential Internalization of the Prostaglandin F2α Receptor
... variants, and TP, the longer of the two, undergoes clathrindependent internalization, whereas TP␣ does not. The present study was conducted to determine whether similar differences might exist between the FP receptor isoforms. We now report that the FPA isoform undergoes a rapid agonistinduced inte ...
... variants, and TP, the longer of the two, undergoes clathrindependent internalization, whereas TP␣ does not. The present study was conducted to determine whether similar differences might exist between the FP receptor isoforms. We now report that the FPA isoform undergoes a rapid agonistinduced inte ...
1)Yang, X., Dormann, D., Münsterberg, A. E., and Weijer - ICB-USP
... extraembryonic structures and all the structures of the embryo proper, while the hypoblast gives rise to extraembryonic structures only. Gastrulation starts with the formation of the primitive streak, which forms as a thickening of the epiblast at the posterior margin. The initial formation and ante ...
... extraembryonic structures and all the structures of the embryo proper, while the hypoblast gives rise to extraembryonic structures only. Gastrulation starts with the formation of the primitive streak, which forms as a thickening of the epiblast at the posterior margin. The initial formation and ante ...
There are technologies emerging for the rapid detection of E. coli in
... amplication of the amount of the target sequence and thereby significantly increases the chance of detecting low numbers of target organisms in a sample (Bej et al. 1990). In order to detect the target sequence from an environmental sample, the concentration step is necessary, followed by cell lysis ...
... amplication of the amount of the target sequence and thereby significantly increases the chance of detecting low numbers of target organisms in a sample (Bej et al. 1990). In order to detect the target sequence from an environmental sample, the concentration step is necessary, followed by cell lysis ...
Restricted, canonical, stereotyped and convergent immunoglobulin
... that is, responses that induce essentially identical immunoglobulins from different mice, despite the massive potential diversity of VDJ rearrangement. For example, B-cell responses of C57BL/6 mice to NP select for canonical antibodies encoded by V186.2 recombined to DFI 16.1 D segment and the JH1 J ...
... that is, responses that induce essentially identical immunoglobulins from different mice, despite the massive potential diversity of VDJ rearrangement. For example, B-cell responses of C57BL/6 mice to NP select for canonical antibodies encoded by V186.2 recombined to DFI 16.1 D segment and the JH1 J ...
Microbiology
... to carry the antigenic determinant for class 3.2 strainspecific mAbs and its surface location was corroborated by immunogold T E M investigations. However, no information about its function is available, because we do not have a mutant which fails to bind the mAbs. Levanony & Bashan (1989) showed a ...
... to carry the antigenic determinant for class 3.2 strainspecific mAbs and its surface location was corroborated by immunogold T E M investigations. However, no information about its function is available, because we do not have a mutant which fails to bind the mAbs. Levanony & Bashan (1989) showed a ...
The Role of Soil Bacteria
... Although there are many bacteria in the soil that cycle nitrogen from organic material, it is only a small group of specialized nitrogen fixing bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen fixation cannot happen without the production of the nitrogenase enzyme by these specific b ...
... Although there are many bacteria in the soil that cycle nitrogen from organic material, it is only a small group of specialized nitrogen fixing bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen fixation cannot happen without the production of the nitrogenase enzyme by these specific b ...
Rapid Determination of Pathogenic Bacteria in Surface Waters
... amplication of the amount of the target sequence and thereby significantly increases the chance of detecting low numbers of target organisms in a sample (Bej et al. 1990). In order to detect the target sequence from an environmental sample, the concentration step is necessary, followed by cell lysis ...
... amplication of the amount of the target sequence and thereby significantly increases the chance of detecting low numbers of target organisms in a sample (Bej et al. 1990). In order to detect the target sequence from an environmental sample, the concentration step is necessary, followed by cell lysis ...
as a PDF
... gelation of the droplets are used to produce spherical gel biocatalysts. These polymers are readily available and widely accepted for use as additives in the food and particularly dairy industry. Gel entrapment is a relatively simple method resulting in usually spherical beads with diameters ranging ...
... gelation of the droplets are used to produce spherical gel biocatalysts. These polymers are readily available and widely accepted for use as additives in the food and particularly dairy industry. Gel entrapment is a relatively simple method resulting in usually spherical beads with diameters ranging ...
First description of giant Archaea (Thaumarchaeota)
... host (Fig. 3B). The putative ectosymbionts are rodshaped (Fig. 3E–H) with a double membrane characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria (Fig. 3A–B). They are 1.5–4.5 mm long and 0.3–0.5 mm wide (Fig. 3B and E–F). The ovoid shapes observed in thin sections (Fig. 3A–B) are caused by the orientation of th ...
... host (Fig. 3B). The putative ectosymbionts are rodshaped (Fig. 3E–H) with a double membrane characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria (Fig. 3A–B). They are 1.5–4.5 mm long and 0.3–0.5 mm wide (Fig. 3B and E–F). The ovoid shapes observed in thin sections (Fig. 3A–B) are caused by the orientation of th ...
complement
... Complement has a central role in inflammation causing chemotaxis of phagocytes, activation of mast cells and phagocytes, opsonization and lysis of pathogens, and clearance of immune complexes. ...
... Complement has a central role in inflammation causing chemotaxis of phagocytes, activation of mast cells and phagocytes, opsonization and lysis of pathogens, and clearance of immune complexes. ...
PERSPECTIVE
... An additional criterion central to proving whether a signalling molecule is a morphogen is the demonstration that it functions directly on the target cell, thereby implying that each cell in the field of the morphogen gradient can directly respond to a certain morphogen threshold concentration. As d ...
... An additional criterion central to proving whether a signalling molecule is a morphogen is the demonstration that it functions directly on the target cell, thereby implying that each cell in the field of the morphogen gradient can directly respond to a certain morphogen threshold concentration. As d ...
The early evolution of lipid membranes and the three domains of life
... cenancestor strongly suggests that ATPases had already evolved to exploit a transmembrane proton (or sodium, according to recent suggestions43) gradient, which requires a continuous membrane29. In summary, in our opinion, the cenancestor probably had lipid membranes and the enzymatic machinery to sy ...
... cenancestor strongly suggests that ATPases had already evolved to exploit a transmembrane proton (or sodium, according to recent suggestions43) gradient, which requires a continuous membrane29. In summary, in our opinion, the cenancestor probably had lipid membranes and the enzymatic machinery to sy ...
Full Text - The Journal of Immunology
... response to E. coli IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has among its functions the amplification of neutrophil recruitment and the activation and differentiation of T and B cells (21–25). The rapid up-regulation of IL-6 during UTIs in humans and mice make this molecule an ideal read-out for epithel ...
... response to E. coli IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has among its functions the amplification of neutrophil recruitment and the activation and differentiation of T and B cells (21–25). The rapid up-regulation of IL-6 during UTIs in humans and mice make this molecule an ideal read-out for epithel ...
Stimulation of naive T cell adhesion and immunological synapse
... 2002 Blackwell Science Ltd, Immunology, 106, 289–298 ...
... 2002 Blackwell Science Ltd, Immunology, 106, 289–298 ...
The Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Shaping Bacterial Cells
... locus of E. coli plasmid R1 and is responsible for segregation of the plasmid [10]. This prediction initially did not draw much attention because the bacterial proteins as well as sugar kinases and Hsp70 did not seem to have the properties similar to actin. However, several years later, it was demon ...
... locus of E. coli plasmid R1 and is responsible for segregation of the plasmid [10]. This prediction initially did not draw much attention because the bacterial proteins as well as sugar kinases and Hsp70 did not seem to have the properties similar to actin. However, several years later, it was demon ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.