Protection by chlorpromazine, albumin and bivalent cations against
... and peptides results in a much slower rate of haemolysis compared with the case when they act one after the other. In the first case, Zn#+ ions reduce the rate of haemolysis 2-fold, acting at relatively low concentrations in the range 2–7 µM, suggesting that high-affinity binding to the membrane sit ...
... and peptides results in a much slower rate of haemolysis compared with the case when they act one after the other. In the first case, Zn#+ ions reduce the rate of haemolysis 2-fold, acting at relatively low concentrations in the range 2–7 µM, suggesting that high-affinity binding to the membrane sit ...
Oscillations of the Snail Genes in the Presomitic Mesoderm
... pathways involved in the mechanism of the segmentation clock that can compensate in part for the loss of NOTCH (Rida et al., 2004). Oscillations of Axin2 and Nkd1, two members of the WNT signaling pathway in the mouse PSM, recently implicated this pathway in the segmentation clock (Aulehla et al., 2 ...
... pathways involved in the mechanism of the segmentation clock that can compensate in part for the loss of NOTCH (Rida et al., 2004). Oscillations of Axin2 and Nkd1, two members of the WNT signaling pathway in the mouse PSM, recently implicated this pathway in the segmentation clock (Aulehla et al., 2 ...
Translocation of RNA Granules in Living Neurons
... and cells were hybridized for 2 hr at 378C. The probes were detected with affinity-purified sheep antibody to digoxigenin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Boehringer Mannheim) and affinity-purified goat antibody to horseradish peroxidase conjugated to Cy5 (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA ...
... and cells were hybridized for 2 hr at 378C. The probes were detected with affinity-purified sheep antibody to digoxigenin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Boehringer Mannheim) and affinity-purified goat antibody to horseradish peroxidase conjugated to Cy5 (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA ...
My First PowerPoint Presentation
... • TAAR1 can form a heterodimer with D2R and this interaction may be important for downstream signaling and behavior both at the level of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic receptors • TAAR1 modulates glutamate NMDA receptor function in the prefrontal cortex and related ...
... • TAAR1 can form a heterodimer with D2R and this interaction may be important for downstream signaling and behavior both at the level of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic receptors • TAAR1 modulates glutamate NMDA receptor function in the prefrontal cortex and related ...
Functional Genomics of Tomato Interactions with Pseudomonas
... Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (hereafter DC3000) causes bacterial speck disease in tomato and Arabidopsis (35, 179). Bacterial speck is an economically significant disease of tomato (97), but more importantly, the disease provides an ideal model for studying plant-pathogen interactions. Less ...
... Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (hereafter DC3000) causes bacterial speck disease in tomato and Arabidopsis (35, 179). Bacterial speck is an economically significant disease of tomato (97), but more importantly, the disease provides an ideal model for studying plant-pathogen interactions. Less ...
5 Neurochemistry of the Gustatory System
... branch of X. These nerves project into the rostral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of the medulla. Gustatory information is carried from there to oral motor circuits within the brainstem and to the parabrachial nuclei (PbN) of the pons, from which pathways arise to thalamus and in ...
... branch of X. These nerves project into the rostral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of the medulla. Gustatory information is carried from there to oral motor circuits within the brainstem and to the parabrachial nuclei (PbN) of the pons, from which pathways arise to thalamus and in ...
Membrane lipids and gill Na+/K+-ATPase in eel
... used (isothermal at 220 °C, helium as the carrier gas). Samples were analyzed against a FAME calibration standard and control. Peaks were included in the analysis (1) if they constituted more than 1 % of total FAMEs, or (2) if less than ...
... used (isothermal at 220 °C, helium as the carrier gas). Samples were analyzed against a FAME calibration standard and control. Peaks were included in the analysis (1) if they constituted more than 1 % of total FAMEs, or (2) if less than ...
PCNA Protein Expression during Spermatogenesis of the
... these forms is a 32-kDa protein with a pI value of 4.6 and the other is a 36-kDa protein with a pI of 4.7. To our knowledge, there has been no report of two forms to data of PCNA in any species. RT-PCR analysis using testis poly (A)+ RNA and primers corresponding to the 5’ and the 3’ end of the open ...
... these forms is a 32-kDa protein with a pI value of 4.6 and the other is a 36-kDa protein with a pI of 4.7. To our knowledge, there has been no report of two forms to data of PCNA in any species. RT-PCR analysis using testis poly (A)+ RNA and primers corresponding to the 5’ and the 3’ end of the open ...
File - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... Figure 16–5 Three Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Control over Endocrine Function. ...
... Figure 16–5 Three Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Control over Endocrine Function. ...
Bypassing the glucose/fatty acid cycle: AMP
... been used in numerous studies to investigate the physiological consequences of AMPK activation. Perfusion of rat hindlimb muscle with AICA riboside led to an increase in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in glucose uptake [4]. The increased rate of fatty acid oxidation correlated with ...
... been used in numerous studies to investigate the physiological consequences of AMPK activation. Perfusion of rat hindlimb muscle with AICA riboside led to an increase in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in glucose uptake [4]. The increased rate of fatty acid oxidation correlated with ...
Rubisco
... This antiporter removes dihydroxyacetone phosphate from stroma into cytosol, importing Pi into stroma to ensure continuous supply of inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH durin ...
... This antiporter removes dihydroxyacetone phosphate from stroma into cytosol, importing Pi into stroma to ensure continuous supply of inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH durin ...
The regulation and plasticity of root hair patterning
... In recent years, studies have shown that the pathway of root hair morphogenesis, which is determined by genetically fixed, intrinsic developmental programs, and the environmental pathways that allow plants to adapt to prevailing conditions are intertwined in a sophisticated way. Knowledge of how the ...
... In recent years, studies have shown that the pathway of root hair morphogenesis, which is determined by genetically fixed, intrinsic developmental programs, and the environmental pathways that allow plants to adapt to prevailing conditions are intertwined in a sophisticated way. Knowledge of how the ...
Effect of surface hydrophobicity distribution on retention
... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is an important technique for protein purification, which exploits the hydrophobic character of proteins promoting their separation based on hydrophobic interactions between stationary phase ligands and hydrophobic regions on the protein surface [1]. In H ...
... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is an important technique for protein purification, which exploits the hydrophobic character of proteins promoting their separation based on hydrophobic interactions between stationary phase ligands and hydrophobic regions on the protein surface [1]. In H ...
Spherical particles of halophilic archaea correlate with exposure to
... laboratory, we exposed rod-shaped cells of Halobacterium species to reduced external water activity (aw). Gradual formation of spheres of about 0.4 lm diameter occurred in 4 M NaCl buffer of aw 0.75, but exposure to buffered 4 M LiCl (aw 0.73) split cells into spheres within seconds, with concom ...
... laboratory, we exposed rod-shaped cells of Halobacterium species to reduced external water activity (aw). Gradual formation of spheres of about 0.4 lm diameter occurred in 4 M NaCl buffer of aw 0.75, but exposure to buffered 4 M LiCl (aw 0.73) split cells into spheres within seconds, with concom ...
Roles of Plant Hormones and Their Interplay in Rice Immunity
... types of R proteins require specific downstream components to regulate SA biosynthesis and activate disease resistance. In rice, the PRR XA21 is a receptor-like kinase that confers resistance against the majority of strains of Xoo (Song et al., 1995). Recently, AX21, the PAMP that is recognized by X ...
... types of R proteins require specific downstream components to regulate SA biosynthesis and activate disease resistance. In rice, the PRR XA21 is a receptor-like kinase that confers resistance against the majority of strains of Xoo (Song et al., 1995). Recently, AX21, the PAMP that is recognized by X ...
S. cerevisiae Mitotic Exit Activator
... at the metaphase - anaphase transition is conserved from yeast to man (reviewed in Nasmyth, 2002). A protease known as separase (Espl in budding yeast) cleaves the Sccl component of the cohesin complex. Separase is held inactive by securin (Pds 1 in budding yeast) until all of the chromosomes have b ...
... at the metaphase - anaphase transition is conserved from yeast to man (reviewed in Nasmyth, 2002). A protease known as separase (Espl in budding yeast) cleaves the Sccl component of the cohesin complex. Separase is held inactive by securin (Pds 1 in budding yeast) until all of the chromosomes have b ...
Biology - Kenyon College
... of Pfl, including YfiD (29, 50), which is induced aerobically at low pH (9). The effects of exogenous formate on protein expression, and the relationship between formate and acetate stress, remain unclear. Some pyruvate is also converted directly to acetate and CO2 by an oxidative enzyme, PoxB (16). ...
... of Pfl, including YfiD (29, 50), which is induced aerobically at low pH (9). The effects of exogenous formate on protein expression, and the relationship between formate and acetate stress, remain unclear. Some pyruvate is also converted directly to acetate and CO2 by an oxidative enzyme, PoxB (16). ...
Two overlapping reading frames in a single exon encode interacting
... We exploited the particulate nature of ALEX and its resistance to Triton X-100 extraction (Figure 3) to investigate whether the ALEX-like immunoreactive band observed in untransfected PC12 cells (Figure 3A, lane wt) is endogenous ALEX. Immunoblotting using the antiALEX antibody revealed two immunore ...
... We exploited the particulate nature of ALEX and its resistance to Triton X-100 extraction (Figure 3) to investigate whether the ALEX-like immunoreactive band observed in untransfected PC12 cells (Figure 3A, lane wt) is endogenous ALEX. Immunoblotting using the antiALEX antibody revealed two immunore ...
Gelatin fragments block adherence of Candida
... targets of adherence of this fungus to host tissue (Klotz, 1992) and adherence is one of several acknowledged important steps in the process of establishing disease with the fungus (Calderone & Braun, 1991). Based on our previous in vitro experiments it was reasonable to conclude that the ability of ...
... targets of adherence of this fungus to host tissue (Klotz, 1992) and adherence is one of several acknowledged important steps in the process of establishing disease with the fungus (Calderone & Braun, 1991). Based on our previous in vitro experiments it was reasonable to conclude that the ability of ...
Solid Tumour Section Testis: Spermatocytic seminoma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... oncogenic and have been linked to other cancers, e.g. bladder cancer. If these mutations are transmitted in germline - they cause severe, often lethal skeletal abnormalities, e.g. thanatophoric dysplasia or Costello syndrome. Milder ligand-dependent mutations in FGFR3 can cause achondroplasia. All F ...
... oncogenic and have been linked to other cancers, e.g. bladder cancer. If these mutations are transmitted in germline - they cause severe, often lethal skeletal abnormalities, e.g. thanatophoric dysplasia or Costello syndrome. Milder ligand-dependent mutations in FGFR3 can cause achondroplasia. All F ...
Natural cannabinoids: Templates for drug discovery
... that cannabidiolic acid (CBDA, 16) is predominately biosynthesized from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA, 13) and to a lesser extent from cannabinerolic acid (CBNA, 14). The key cannabinoid precursor D9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA, 1) is formed from CBGA (13) through stereoselective oxidocyclization ...
... that cannabidiolic acid (CBDA, 16) is predominately biosynthesized from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA, 13) and to a lesser extent from cannabinerolic acid (CBNA, 14). The key cannabinoid precursor D9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA, 1) is formed from CBGA (13) through stereoselective oxidocyclization ...
The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and its role in
... Waeber and Habener, 1992). The biological functions of these isoforms have not been well characterized. However, available data suggest that certain alternatively spliced exons present in these rarer CREB isoforms generate inhibitory forms of CREB that might be important for regulating expression an ...
... Waeber and Habener, 1992). The biological functions of these isoforms have not been well characterized. However, available data suggest that certain alternatively spliced exons present in these rarer CREB isoforms generate inhibitory forms of CREB that might be important for regulating expression an ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.