CREB Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression
... transcription factors include DNA-binding specificity, post-translational modifications, cis/trans DNA-binding elements and interaction with co-repressors, co-activators and other transcription factors (Fig. 1-1). These modes of regulation provide cells with the capacity to respond with exquisite sp ...
... transcription factors include DNA-binding specificity, post-translational modifications, cis/trans DNA-binding elements and interaction with co-repressors, co-activators and other transcription factors (Fig. 1-1). These modes of regulation provide cells with the capacity to respond with exquisite sp ...
The Regulation of S Phase Initiation by p27Kip1 in NIH3T3 Cells
... When environment conditions become conducive to the growth of mammalian cells, cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin d ...
... When environment conditions become conducive to the growth of mammalian cells, cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin d ...
assembly of integral membrane proteins from the periplasm into the
... mal conditions, the RseA-RseB complex binds about half of the #E content of the cell (Campbell et al., 2003; Collinet et al., 2000; De Las Peñas et al., 1997; Missiakas et al., 1997), and RseA degradation, initiated by DegS, upregulates the transcription of the heat shock genes by release of bound # ...
... mal conditions, the RseA-RseB complex binds about half of the #E content of the cell (Campbell et al., 2003; Collinet et al., 2000; De Las Peñas et al., 1997; Missiakas et al., 1997), and RseA degradation, initiated by DegS, upregulates the transcription of the heat shock genes by release of bound # ...
REVIEWS Structural insights into the function of the
... of GDI found in the cytosolic complex with Rab5 has been shown to be phosphorylated, whereas a transient, membrane-associated form is not 17. Such results raise the distinct possibility that phosphorylation might serve as a reversible modification controlling GDI function. The mechanism by which Rab ...
... of GDI found in the cytosolic complex with Rab5 has been shown to be phosphorylated, whereas a transient, membrane-associated form is not 17. Such results raise the distinct possibility that phosphorylation might serve as a reversible modification controlling GDI function. The mechanism by which Rab ...
PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF CLC Cl − CHANNELS
... for bestrophins directly mediating anion currents has been significantly strengthened by structure-function studies (3). This list is most likely incomplete, as some Cl− channels (e.g., a class of swelling-activated channels) have not yet been identified at the molecular level. For a recent in-depth ...
... for bestrophins directly mediating anion currents has been significantly strengthened by structure-function studies (3). This list is most likely incomplete, as some Cl− channels (e.g., a class of swelling-activated channels) have not yet been identified at the molecular level. For a recent in-depth ...
MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Problem Unit One 1999/2000 pH and
... Water makes up about 70% of a typical cell by weight. It is one of two solvents in which most of biochemistry occurs, the second being the lipids of membranes. Water is a very unusual substance and plays a central role in defining life as we know it. Its large dipole moment means that it is a highly ...
... Water makes up about 70% of a typical cell by weight. It is one of two solvents in which most of biochemistry occurs, the second being the lipids of membranes. Water is a very unusual substance and plays a central role in defining life as we know it. Its large dipole moment means that it is a highly ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of progress
... Contribution of characean actin bundles to studies on non-plant myosins Characean actin bundles significantly contributed to studies on non-plant myosins. Kuroda and Kamiya (1975) prepared a cytoplasmic drop in which chloroplasts were rotating. Chloroplast rotation is thought to occur by the same me ...
... Contribution of characean actin bundles to studies on non-plant myosins Characean actin bundles significantly contributed to studies on non-plant myosins. Kuroda and Kamiya (1975) prepared a cytoplasmic drop in which chloroplasts were rotating. Chloroplast rotation is thought to occur by the same me ...
Cross-Presentation Proteases in MHC Class I Presentation and
... The proteasome is a large barrel-shaped particle present in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells (3–5) that is responsible for degrading of a majority of cellular proteins (6) (Fig. 1). At its core is a 20S cylinder that is composed of two outer a rings and two inner b rings with a centra ...
... The proteasome is a large barrel-shaped particle present in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells (3–5) that is responsible for degrading of a majority of cellular proteins (6) (Fig. 1). At its core is a 20S cylinder that is composed of two outer a rings and two inner b rings with a centra ...
Maturation-promoting Factor Induces Nuclear Envelope Breakdown
... The way in which M P F induces the meiotic cell cycle is unknown. M P F sets off a complex series o f events that cause changes in virtually every part o f the cell: The oocyte nucleus breaks down, transcription is shut off, c h r o m o s o m e s undergo meiosis, the cortex o f the oocyte is reorgan ...
... The way in which M P F induces the meiotic cell cycle is unknown. M P F sets off a complex series o f events that cause changes in virtually every part o f the cell: The oocyte nucleus breaks down, transcription is shut off, c h r o m o s o m e s undergo meiosis, the cortex o f the oocyte is reorgan ...
Functional cross‐kingdom conservation of mammalian and moss
... isogenic, all-mammalian expression vectors were designed harbouring the human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), an easy-to-assay reporter gene, a polyadenylation site derived from simian virus 40 and various mammalian promoters (PhCMV, PSV40, PGTX, PhEF1α), including the smallest synth ...
... isogenic, all-mammalian expression vectors were designed harbouring the human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), an easy-to-assay reporter gene, a polyadenylation site derived from simian virus 40 and various mammalian promoters (PhCMV, PSV40, PGTX, PhEF1α), including the smallest synth ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of
... Contribution of characean actin bundles to studies on non-plant myosins Characean actin bundles significantly contributed to studies on non-plant myosins. Kuroda and Kamiya (1975) prepared a cytoplasmic drop in which chloroplasts were rotating. Chloroplast rotation is thought to occur by the same me ...
... Contribution of characean actin bundles to studies on non-plant myosins Characean actin bundles significantly contributed to studies on non-plant myosins. Kuroda and Kamiya (1975) prepared a cytoplasmic drop in which chloroplasts were rotating. Chloroplast rotation is thought to occur by the same me ...
Theme 1 Molecules, Cells and the Basis for Disease
... K33.1 Investigations of novel redox-dependent cellular stress response mechanisms ............................. 35 K34.1 Generation of stem cell derived 3-D mini liver through understanding of the transcriptional regulation during human hepatic progenitor maturation ............................. ...
... K33.1 Investigations of novel redox-dependent cellular stress response mechanisms ............................. 35 K34.1 Generation of stem cell derived 3-D mini liver through understanding of the transcriptional regulation during human hepatic progenitor maturation ............................. ...
S11. Computational Molecular Modeling- Week 5. 3
... regions of the proteins should be analyzed. I recommend that the instructor performs an internet background search on how protein 3-D modeling works so they understand the various types of resources that are available and how modeling software can be incorporated into biology research. The review ar ...
... regions of the proteins should be analyzed. I recommend that the instructor performs an internet background search on how protein 3-D modeling works so they understand the various types of resources that are available and how modeling software can be incorporated into biology research. The review ar ...
Structural Basis of Biological Nitrogen Fixation
... component nitrogenase proteins from both Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum.30-35 The sequence, mutagenesis, and structural data provide the foundation for formulating an initial picture of the nitrogenase mechanism at the molecular level. Although nitrogen fixation is a property of ...
... component nitrogenase proteins from both Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum.30-35 The sequence, mutagenesis, and structural data provide the foundation for formulating an initial picture of the nitrogenase mechanism at the molecular level. Although nitrogen fixation is a property of ...
Acquisition, Conservation, and Loss of Dual
... occurring, evident in P. patens as well as rice and Arabidopsis. The loss of dual-targeting ability appears to be rare, but does occur. Ascorbate peroxidase represents such an example. After gene duplication in rice, individual genes encode proteins that are targeted to a single organelle. Although ...
... occurring, evident in P. patens as well as rice and Arabidopsis. The loss of dual-targeting ability appears to be rare, but does occur. Ascorbate peroxidase represents such an example. After gene duplication in rice, individual genes encode proteins that are targeted to a single organelle. Although ...
P6060Datasheet-Lot0151208
... Mix the substrate with 1X NEBuffer for PK supplemented with ATP. Add the activated CaMKII. Incubate at 30°C. ...
... Mix the substrate with 1X NEBuffer for PK supplemented with ATP. Add the activated CaMKII. Incubate at 30°C. ...
Quantification of Type VI secretion system activity in macrophages
... et al., 2007; Suarez et al., 2010), and host cell fusion presumably to facilitate intercellular ...
... et al., 2007; Suarez et al., 2010), and host cell fusion presumably to facilitate intercellular ...
THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
... are identical, the simple fact that many proteins can be crystallized provides strong evidence that even very large proteins are discrete chemical entities with unique structures. This conclusion revolutionized thinking about proteins and their functions. In this chapter, we explore the three-dimens ...
... are identical, the simple fact that many proteins can be crystallized provides strong evidence that even very large proteins are discrete chemical entities with unique structures. This conclusion revolutionized thinking about proteins and their functions. In this chapter, we explore the three-dimens ...
Distinct Cellular Expression Pattern of Annexins in Hydra vulgaris
... of the hypostome, a domelike mouth structure surrounded by a ring of tentacles. The foot is a disc of cells that secrete a sticky substance which anchors the animal to surfaces. The body consists of a gastric cavity that is surrounded by two concentric epithelia, the ectoderm and endoderm which are ...
... of the hypostome, a domelike mouth structure surrounded by a ring of tentacles. The foot is a disc of cells that secrete a sticky substance which anchors the animal to surfaces. The body consists of a gastric cavity that is surrounded by two concentric epithelia, the ectoderm and endoderm which are ...
The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and
... these studies were not identical and varied in aspects such as speed, treadmill inclination, and time. These are likely significant factors given the recent research by Schwalm et al. [99] that indicates that exercise intensity may be the crucial factor in determining the induction of autophagy. ...
... these studies were not identical and varied in aspects such as speed, treadmill inclination, and time. These are likely significant factors given the recent research by Schwalm et al. [99] that indicates that exercise intensity may be the crucial factor in determining the induction of autophagy. ...
TMBP200, a Microtubule Bundling Polypeptide Isolated from
... et al. 1995). As the formation of the cell plate progresses, microtubules in the central region of the phragmoplast depolymerize and the phragmoplast assumes a ring-like structure, expanding outwards with the centrifugal growth of the cell plate. The phragmoplast expands by polymerization of microtu ...
... et al. 1995). As the formation of the cell plate progresses, microtubules in the central region of the phragmoplast depolymerize and the phragmoplast assumes a ring-like structure, expanding outwards with the centrifugal growth of the cell plate. The phragmoplast expands by polymerization of microtu ...
How and why does β-actin mRNA target?
... apical structures. The contribution of local translation has not been evaluated because the translation of targeted mRNA has not been observed in vivo. Thus, the timing and location of translation relative to the appearance of β-actin in apical structures has not been determined. However, the mechan ...
... apical structures. The contribution of local translation has not been evaluated because the translation of targeted mRNA has not been observed in vivo. Thus, the timing and location of translation relative to the appearance of β-actin in apical structures has not been determined. However, the mechan ...
An Ancient Yeast for Young Geneticists: A Primer on the
... large numbers of individuals to discover rare mutants that eventually identify the genes involved in a biological process of interest. One also can alter the composition of the growth medium and vary the growth conditions (e.g., temperature) to allow for the discovery of genes involved in a wide var ...
... large numbers of individuals to discover rare mutants that eventually identify the genes involved in a biological process of interest. One also can alter the composition of the growth medium and vary the growth conditions (e.g., temperature) to allow for the discovery of genes involved in a wide var ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.