Study of reactive oxygen species-induced ion transport in different models by using
... (GSH), tocopherol, flavonoids, alkaloids and carotenoids (Apell & Hirt, 2004). ...
... (GSH), tocopherol, flavonoids, alkaloids and carotenoids (Apell & Hirt, 2004). ...
Serine racemase: a KEY PLAYER in NEURON activity and in
... the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, that mediates neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, cell migration and long term potentiation. High and low D-serine levels have been associated with distinct neuropathologies, agingrelated deficits and psychiatric disorders due to either hyper- or hypo-activatio ...
... the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, that mediates neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, cell migration and long term potentiation. High and low D-serine levels have been associated with distinct neuropathologies, agingrelated deficits and psychiatric disorders due to either hyper- or hypo-activatio ...
Cytoplasmic streaming in plants
... response to light conditions in plant cells. In protonemata of the moss Physcomitrella patens, microtubules provide tracks for rapid movement in a longitudinal direction and microfilaments for slow movement in any direction in the dark. Microtubules are concerned with chloroplast movement regulated ...
... response to light conditions in plant cells. In protonemata of the moss Physcomitrella patens, microtubules provide tracks for rapid movement in a longitudinal direction and microfilaments for slow movement in any direction in the dark. Microtubules are concerned with chloroplast movement regulated ...
Scarface, a secreted serine proteaselike protein, regulates polarized
... this developmental context. Keywords: JNK; morphogenesis; integrin; basement membrane ...
... this developmental context. Keywords: JNK; morphogenesis; integrin; basement membrane ...
The Role of Calcium in Pathogen Defense Responses in the Moss
... plants and animals respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) / microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) through pathogen-recognition receptors. In vertebrate animals, this innate immunity is the first line of defense and also the precursor to production and activation of certain ...
... plants and animals respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) / microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) through pathogen-recognition receptors. In vertebrate animals, this innate immunity is the first line of defense and also the precursor to production and activation of certain ...
The influence of chronic stress on T cell immunity
... immune alterations, we directly compare different stress procedures. We show that social stress impacts the generation of IFN-γ-producing, virus-specific TCD8+ splenocytes only when applied prior to virus infection. We further demonstrate that during a prolonged stress exposure glucocorticoid hormon ...
... immune alterations, we directly compare different stress procedures. We show that social stress impacts the generation of IFN-γ-producing, virus-specific TCD8+ splenocytes only when applied prior to virus infection. We further demonstrate that during a prolonged stress exposure glucocorticoid hormon ...
Two Separate Functions Are Encoded by the Carboxyl
... genes of interest (e.g. CAP, CAP deletion mutants, and MCH1). The oligonucleotides used for gene amplification are listed in Table I. All GAL4-CAP fusions were created by subcloning the appropriate CAP fragment into the SalI and SacI sites of either pPC86 or pPC97. The GAL4-MCH1 fusions were created ...
... genes of interest (e.g. CAP, CAP deletion mutants, and MCH1). The oligonucleotides used for gene amplification are listed in Table I. All GAL4-CAP fusions were created by subcloning the appropriate CAP fragment into the SalI and SacI sites of either pPC86 or pPC97. The GAL4-MCH1 fusions were created ...
The Antagonist Function of Arabidopsis WRKY53 and
... npr1-1 treated with SA but completely blocked in the jar1-1 mutant and constitutively high in coil-1 (Figure 2B). These results demonstrate that ESR is a target of the JAR1-mediated and COI1-mediated JA signaling pathways and is downstream of JAR1 and COI1. SA signaling on ESR and WRKY53 expression ...
... npr1-1 treated with SA but completely blocked in the jar1-1 mutant and constitutively high in coil-1 (Figure 2B). These results demonstrate that ESR is a target of the JAR1-mediated and COI1-mediated JA signaling pathways and is downstream of JAR1 and COI1. SA signaling on ESR and WRKY53 expression ...
Interaction of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase with the CAT
... tone and in suppression of atherogenesis. eNOS is subject to tight regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional (mRNA stability) and post-translational levels [1]. One important aspect of post-translational regulation involves covalent modification of eNOS by myristoylation, palmitoylatio ...
... tone and in suppression of atherogenesis. eNOS is subject to tight regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional (mRNA stability) and post-translational levels [1]. One important aspect of post-translational regulation involves covalent modification of eNOS by myristoylation, palmitoylatio ...
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Imaging Reveals
... N-Glycan processing is one of the most important cellular protein modifications in plants and as such is essential for plant development and defense mechanisms. The accuracy of Golgi-located processing steps is governed by the strict intra-Golgi localization of sequentially acting glycosidases and gl ...
... N-Glycan processing is one of the most important cellular protein modifications in plants and as such is essential for plant development and defense mechanisms. The accuracy of Golgi-located processing steps is governed by the strict intra-Golgi localization of sequentially acting glycosidases and gl ...
PDF
... with corn oil to obtain a 5 mg/ml RA solution, which was mixed thoroughly with ground mouse chow to yield 0.1 mg RA/g mouse chow. RA-supplemented food was provided from E6.75 to E9.25 and was changed every 12 hours to ensure activity. At E9.25 mice were returned to normal food until collection of em ...
... with corn oil to obtain a 5 mg/ml RA solution, which was mixed thoroughly with ground mouse chow to yield 0.1 mg RA/g mouse chow. RA-supplemented food was provided from E6.75 to E9.25 and was changed every 12 hours to ensure activity. At E9.25 mice were returned to normal food until collection of em ...
Structural Studies of Human 5’-Nucleotidases Karin Walldén
... Living organisms share the capacity to replicate themselves. To succeed with this and to survive, they must take up energy from their surroundings and converge this energy to synthesize organic material. This is mediated by enzymes, which are the catalysts of life. Humans contain thousands of differ ...
... Living organisms share the capacity to replicate themselves. To succeed with this and to survive, they must take up energy from their surroundings and converge this energy to synthesize organic material. This is mediated by enzymes, which are the catalysts of life. Humans contain thousands of differ ...
GbPDF1 Is Involved in Cotton Fiber Initiation via
... Southern blotting of genomic DNA from diploid and tetraploid cotton showed that PDF1 is a low-copynumber gene in cotton (Supplemental Fig. S1A). Three and two PDF1-homologous genes were obtained from the genomic DNA of G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, respectively. The five sequences were classified i ...
... Southern blotting of genomic DNA from diploid and tetraploid cotton showed that PDF1 is a low-copynumber gene in cotton (Supplemental Fig. S1A). Three and two PDF1-homologous genes were obtained from the genomic DNA of G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, respectively. The five sequences were classified i ...
Glucose-dependent, CAMP-mediated ATP efflux from
... an inhibitor of the plasma membrane proton pump. This stimulation of ATP efflux is likely to be mediated by the cAMP pathway because when the pH was raised to prevent the nigericin-induced cAh4P response, nigericin did not stimulate ATP efflux. The basal and stimulated ATP efflux activities were not ...
... an inhibitor of the plasma membrane proton pump. This stimulation of ATP efflux is likely to be mediated by the cAMP pathway because when the pH was raised to prevent the nigericin-induced cAh4P response, nigericin did not stimulate ATP efflux. The basal and stimulated ATP efflux activities were not ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... activity with ATP-consuming processes and efficiency of mitochondrial respiration (Fig. 2). Due to the central role of ATP in the dynamics of cell death onset and control of cell death subroutines, we propose that this network fundamentally governs the susceptibility to cell death.7,8 Three major en ...
... activity with ATP-consuming processes and efficiency of mitochondrial respiration (Fig. 2). Due to the central role of ATP in the dynamics of cell death onset and control of cell death subroutines, we propose that this network fundamentally governs the susceptibility to cell death.7,8 Three major en ...
GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE
... non-injected cells adjacent to those that were injected with the caged compound36. However, modelling studies have indicated that passive diffusion of Ins(1,4,5)P3 would not be sufficient by itself to account for the spread of the Ca2+ wave. Therefore, some form of regeneration of the source of Ins( ...
... non-injected cells adjacent to those that were injected with the caged compound36. However, modelling studies have indicated that passive diffusion of Ins(1,4,5)P3 would not be sufficient by itself to account for the spread of the Ca2+ wave. Therefore, some form of regeneration of the source of Ins( ...
151 Compact cell image projector
... Cardiac inotropy depends, among other factors, on the interval between contractions. In this study, we developed instrumentation for cell shortening recording, which was used to investigate the influence of stimulatory rhythm on contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell s ...
... Cardiac inotropy depends, among other factors, on the interval between contractions. In this study, we developed instrumentation for cell shortening recording, which was used to investigate the influence of stimulatory rhythm on contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell s ...
Solubility of recombinant Src homology 2 domains expressed in E
... by TANGO, we generated TFV → GYT and FV → YT mutants of the TSAd-90-188-PHRD and TSAd-90-188-PAAS constructs, and compared their expression to that of the ALX SH2 domain. These constructs were chosen, as they contained the shortest flanking sequences compared to the original TSAd 1-TD construct, and ...
... by TANGO, we generated TFV → GYT and FV → YT mutants of the TSAd-90-188-PHRD and TSAd-90-188-PAAS constructs, and compared their expression to that of the ALX SH2 domain. These constructs were chosen, as they contained the shortest flanking sequences compared to the original TSAd 1-TD construct, and ...
Identification of fungal oxaloacetate hydrolyase within the
... Aspergillus niger produces oxalic acid through the hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH). The A. niger genome encodes four additional open reading frames with strong sequence similarity to OAH yet only the oahA gene encodes OAH activity. O ...
... Aspergillus niger produces oxalic acid through the hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH). The A. niger genome encodes four additional open reading frames with strong sequence similarity to OAH yet only the oahA gene encodes OAH activity. O ...
Fatty Acid and Glucose Sensors in Hepatic Lipid Metabolism
... pores) and impairment of VLDL synthesis and export.24 Subsequently, serum levels of LDL and of the atherogenic small LDL (sLDL) also increase due to the promotion of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; enriches VLDL in cholesterol), and of hepatic lipase ([HL] regulates plasma concentration of ...
... pores) and impairment of VLDL synthesis and export.24 Subsequently, serum levels of LDL and of the atherogenic small LDL (sLDL) also increase due to the promotion of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; enriches VLDL in cholesterol), and of hepatic lipase ([HL] regulates plasma concentration of ...
Ubiquitin ligases and beyond EDITORIAL Open Access Ivan Dikic
... revelation that it has a central role in cell cycle regulation and the recognition of regulatory roles for ubiquitin in intracellular membrane transport, cell signalling, transcription, translation, and DNA repair. Pickart’s article marked the expansion of ubiquitination from what most regarded as a ...
... revelation that it has a central role in cell cycle regulation and the recognition of regulatory roles for ubiquitin in intracellular membrane transport, cell signalling, transcription, translation, and DNA repair. Pickart’s article marked the expansion of ubiquitination from what most regarded as a ...
... extracellular matrices. Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins, each composed of an α subunit noncovalently associated with a β chain to form a heterodimer. The integrin α chain subunits form two groups based upon structural differences. One group is cleaved during synthesis to form one heavy and ...
Chapter 4 - Neurasync
... Lamp2a monomers for further substrates (7). Another fate of Lamp2a may be its translocation into the lysosomal lumen, where it does not participate in CMA and can be degraded by cathepsin A. Lysosomal (lys) Hsp90 stabilizes the transition phases of Lamp2a from monomeric to multimeric forms and vice ...
... Lamp2a monomers for further substrates (7). Another fate of Lamp2a may be its translocation into the lysosomal lumen, where it does not participate in CMA and can be degraded by cathepsin A. Lysosomal (lys) Hsp90 stabilizes the transition phases of Lamp2a from monomeric to multimeric forms and vice ...
this PDF file
... Klotz and Stein [26] redrew the nitrogen cycle with emphasis on the early incomplete denitrification and ammonification as the driving forces for emergence of anammox to form a basis for a complete nitrogen cycle. They also suggested that in the early anaerobic nitrogen metabolism, hydroxylamine (NH ...
... Klotz and Stein [26] redrew the nitrogen cycle with emphasis on the early incomplete denitrification and ammonification as the driving forces for emergence of anammox to form a basis for a complete nitrogen cycle. They also suggested that in the early anaerobic nitrogen metabolism, hydroxylamine (NH ...
Virulence factors of Enterococcus spp. presented in food
... 2016). In particular, it occurs because genes conferring/expressing resistance to antibiotics and virulence factors are often placed on the same mobile genetic elements. As well as transmissible antibiotic resistance plasmids, virulence factors are known to be transmissible by highly efficient gene t ...
... 2016). In particular, it occurs because genes conferring/expressing resistance to antibiotics and virulence factors are often placed on the same mobile genetic elements. As well as transmissible antibiotic resistance plasmids, virulence factors are known to be transmissible by highly efficient gene t ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.