Viral Membrane Channels: Role and Function in the Virus Life Cycle
... assembly [42]. The viral protein responsible for the fluctuation of calcium store is none other than the NSP4 viroporin [49,111–114]. NSP4 is synthesized as an ER trans-membrane glycoprotein but can also exist in secreted form as enterotoxin to induce diarrhea by simultaneously activating secretion ...
... assembly [42]. The viral protein responsible for the fluctuation of calcium store is none other than the NSP4 viroporin [49,111–114]. NSP4 is synthesized as an ER trans-membrane glycoprotein but can also exist in secreted form as enterotoxin to induce diarrhea by simultaneously activating secretion ...
role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus non
... PRRS is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), a single strand positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the family Arteriviridae (24). The other members of this family are equine arteritis virus (EAV), lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) and simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). The Arteriviridae fa ...
... PRRS is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), a single strand positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the family Arteriviridae (24). The other members of this family are equine arteritis virus (EAV), lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) and simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). The Arteriviridae fa ...
Molecular and General Genetics
... the constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (Table 2) nor of PhoE protein (not shown). Thus, pJP72 completely complements phoM mutations and therefore probably contains a phoM + allele. To obtain a physical map, the purified pJP72 was subjected to single and double digestions with several res ...
... the constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (Table 2) nor of PhoE protein (not shown). Thus, pJP72 completely complements phoM mutations and therefore probably contains a phoM + allele. To obtain a physical map, the purified pJP72 was subjected to single and double digestions with several res ...
Plant physiology
... 2012). Most lipid droplets consist of a core of triglycerides (TAGs) and/or sterol esters coated by a phospholipids monolayer and embedded with proteins (Zweytick et al., 2000). Plants accumulate TAGs in different tissues, primarily in seeds but also in fruit, such as palm oil, flowers, and leaves. T ...
... 2012). Most lipid droplets consist of a core of triglycerides (TAGs) and/or sterol esters coated by a phospholipids monolayer and embedded with proteins (Zweytick et al., 2000). Plants accumulate TAGs in different tissues, primarily in seeds but also in fruit, such as palm oil, flowers, and leaves. T ...
A new type of plant chitinase containing LysM domains from a fern
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
Pathophysiology of hepatic failure
... Metabolism of hormones – effect on hepatic function, or degradation - insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, glucocorticoids, catecholamine, thyroxin, other steroid hormones ...
... Metabolism of hormones – effect on hepatic function, or degradation - insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, glucocorticoids, catecholamine, thyroxin, other steroid hormones ...
Investigating Anatomical and Molecular Aspects of
... terminals within MS and GTOs are deformed, which is believed to activate stretchsensitive ion channels allowing for subsequent influx of sodium, receptor depolarization, and action potential generation (Scott, 2005; Bewick and Banks, 2014). The ion channel(s) responsible for stretch sensitivity of M ...
... terminals within MS and GTOs are deformed, which is believed to activate stretchsensitive ion channels allowing for subsequent influx of sodium, receptor depolarization, and action potential generation (Scott, 2005; Bewick and Banks, 2014). The ion channel(s) responsible for stretch sensitivity of M ...
a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
Toward Nanometer-Scale Sensing System
... parallel molecular sensing. The sensory signals so generated are identified by the brain using a spatio-temporal coding scheme. In this way the olfactory system recognizes, with great accuracy and sensitivity, a broad range of chemical stimuli. The principles of olfaction have been applied to develo ...
... parallel molecular sensing. The sensory signals so generated are identified by the brain using a spatio-temporal coding scheme. In this way the olfactory system recognizes, with great accuracy and sensitivity, a broad range of chemical stimuli. The principles of olfaction have been applied to develo ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... domains. Thus, alterations in the first cervical vertebrae, the cervico-thoracic and thoraco-lumbar transitions, or the number of vertebro-sternal ribs (those attached to the sternum) are frequently reported associated to mutant mice for a variety of Hox genes. On the contrary, alterations in verteb ...
... domains. Thus, alterations in the first cervical vertebrae, the cervico-thoracic and thoraco-lumbar transitions, or the number of vertebro-sternal ribs (those attached to the sternum) are frequently reported associated to mutant mice for a variety of Hox genes. On the contrary, alterations in verteb ...
In tobacco leaf epidermal cells, the integrity of protein export from
... Our localization data support additional roles of Arf1 besides regulation of COPI assembly (Pimpl et al., 2003). To provide further evidence for this, we investigated whether coatomer was distributed on the non-Golgi structures labelled by Arf1. Co-expression experiments using either ERD2-GFP or Arf ...
... Our localization data support additional roles of Arf1 besides regulation of COPI assembly (Pimpl et al., 2003). To provide further evidence for this, we investigated whether coatomer was distributed on the non-Golgi structures labelled by Arf1. Co-expression experiments using either ERD2-GFP or Arf ...
In tobacco leaf epidermal cells, the integrity of protein export from
... Our localization data support additional roles of Arf1 besides regulation of COPI assembly (Pimpl et al., 2003). To provide further evidence for this, we investigated whether coatomer was distributed on the non-Golgi structures labelled by Arf1. Co-expression experiments using either ERD2-GFP or Arf ...
... Our localization data support additional roles of Arf1 besides regulation of COPI assembly (Pimpl et al., 2003). To provide further evidence for this, we investigated whether coatomer was distributed on the non-Golgi structures labelled by Arf1. Co-expression experiments using either ERD2-GFP or Arf ...
Thesis Reference - Archive ouverte UNIGE
... broad set of Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs). One important family of PRRs is the Toll-like Receptors family (TLRs), which includes 12 receptors in mammals [1]. TLRs are transmembrane proteins that are either expressed intracellularly (e.g. endosomes) or extracellularly at the cell surface. TL ...
... broad set of Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs). One important family of PRRs is the Toll-like Receptors family (TLRs), which includes 12 receptors in mammals [1]. TLRs are transmembrane proteins that are either expressed intracellularly (e.g. endosomes) or extracellularly at the cell surface. TL ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... to the cellular and subcellular levels and, from the 1950’s on, to the molecular level, transformed experimental embryology to developmental biology”. The term “decline” of experimental embryology was falsely interpreted by some authors as a decline of the Freiburg school. That this opinion is wrong ...
... to the cellular and subcellular levels and, from the 1950’s on, to the molecular level, transformed experimental embryology to developmental biology”. The term “decline” of experimental embryology was falsely interpreted by some authors as a decline of the Freiburg school. That this opinion is wrong ...
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: REGULATION Review Article (Medical Science)
... different degrees of higher resistance. Regulation of genes of ß-lactam antibiotics Organisms respond to environmental changes through signaling pathways via receptor molecules present on cell envelopes and nuclear membranes. Different sensory transmembrane proteins that are pres ...
... different degrees of higher resistance. Regulation of genes of ß-lactam antibiotics Organisms respond to environmental changes through signaling pathways via receptor molecules present on cell envelopes and nuclear membranes. Different sensory transmembrane proteins that are pres ...
KLF4 N-Terminal Variance Modulates Induced Reprogramming to
... 2006) provides a potent model in which to study the role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual ( ...
... 2006) provides a potent model in which to study the role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual ( ...
HLH-14 is a C. elegans Achaete-Scute protein that
... peripheral sensory organs of the male tail that are important for sensing hermaphrodites during mating (Zhao and Emmons, 1995). Ectopic expression of LIN-32 under a ubiquitous heatshock promoter is sufficient to generate ectopic ray papillae structures (Zhao and Emmons, 1995). bHLH proteins usually ...
... peripheral sensory organs of the male tail that are important for sensing hermaphrodites during mating (Zhao and Emmons, 1995). Ectopic expression of LIN-32 under a ubiquitous heatshock promoter is sufficient to generate ectopic ray papillae structures (Zhao and Emmons, 1995). bHLH proteins usually ...
CASE 37
... include a highly choreographed series of events that are directed mainly by two hormones: insulin and glucagon. In a general sense, insulin may be viewed as an anabolic hormone and glucagon as a catabolic hormone. ...
... include a highly choreographed series of events that are directed mainly by two hormones: insulin and glucagon. In a general sense, insulin may be viewed as an anabolic hormone and glucagon as a catabolic hormone. ...
Central Neuropeptide Y Signaling Ameliorates N
... Abstract—Neuropeptide Y is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter expressed in the central neurons that control blood pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis th ...
... Abstract—Neuropeptide Y is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter expressed in the central neurons that control blood pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis th ...
Cellular Respiration
... acid enters the pathways of aerobic respiration. (Aerobic respiration is covered in detail in the next section.) In anaerobic conditions (when oxygen is absent), however, some cells can convert pyruvic acid into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytosol. The c ...
... acid enters the pathways of aerobic respiration. (Aerobic respiration is covered in detail in the next section.) In anaerobic conditions (when oxygen is absent), however, some cells can convert pyruvic acid into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytosol. The c ...
A nucleus-encoded chloroplast protein regulated by iron availability
... M. Goldschmidt-Clermont, unpublished data). As described above, trans-splicing of psaA requires at least 14 nucleus-encoded proteins. However, psaA trans-splicing can be bypassed, without any apparent phenotypic consequence, by introducing an intron-less copy of the gene in the chloroplast genome (L ...
... M. Goldschmidt-Clermont, unpublished data). As described above, trans-splicing of psaA requires at least 14 nucleus-encoded proteins. However, psaA trans-splicing can be bypassed, without any apparent phenotypic consequence, by introducing an intron-less copy of the gene in the chloroplast genome (L ...
Staphylococcus aureus , and Streptococcus pneumoniae , coli
... products, and neutrophil migration has been categorized as CD18 dependent or CD18 independent, reflecting the requirement for 2 integrins by the neutrophil (10 –13). Whereas both pathways may be operative in response to a specific stimulus, the relative importance of each may vary depending on the ...
... products, and neutrophil migration has been categorized as CD18 dependent or CD18 independent, reflecting the requirement for 2 integrins by the neutrophil (10 –13). Whereas both pathways may be operative in response to a specific stimulus, the relative importance of each may vary depending on the ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.