Full Text
... Dlx function Msx proteins repress placode formation (Phillips, et al., 2006). Thus, Dlx protein function is required for normal placode formation, but its activity in the border region opposes Msx1 function. Since their expression partially overlaps fine tuning of their function maybe achieved throu ...
... Dlx function Msx proteins repress placode formation (Phillips, et al., 2006). Thus, Dlx protein function is required for normal placode formation, but its activity in the border region opposes Msx1 function. Since their expression partially overlaps fine tuning of their function maybe achieved throu ...
NLP-12 Engages Different UNC-13 Proteins to Potentiate Tonic and
... kaplan@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2825-14.2015 Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/351038-05$15.00/0 ...
... kaplan@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2825-14.2015 Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/351038-05$15.00/0 ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... The ability of the brain to change in response to everyday experience or upon learning and memory is called plasticity and has been the subject of thorough studies for centuries especially with respect to synaptic changes. Since this is the context where my thesis work can be best placed, I will sta ...
... The ability of the brain to change in response to everyday experience or upon learning and memory is called plasticity and has been the subject of thorough studies for centuries especially with respect to synaptic changes. Since this is the context where my thesis work can be best placed, I will sta ...
Biosensors
... living cells and thus the inherited characteristics of individual members of a species. DNA probes can be used to detect generic diseases, cancers and viral infections. ...
... living cells and thus the inherited characteristics of individual members of a species. DNA probes can be used to detect generic diseases, cancers and viral infections. ...
Adhesion and Adhesives of Fungi and Oomycetes
... We will use the term “adhesin” to indicate a molecule that mediates a comparatively specific attachment between a ligand on a fungus and a receptor on its host’s substratum. The term adhesin is sometimes also used to indicate a molecule involved in cell-to-cell adhesion within a fungal biofilm, in w ...
... We will use the term “adhesin” to indicate a molecule that mediates a comparatively specific attachment between a ligand on a fungus and a receptor on its host’s substratum. The term adhesin is sometimes also used to indicate a molecule involved in cell-to-cell adhesion within a fungal biofilm, in w ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... Legumes secrete flavonoids (Fig. 1a), which are specifically recognized by a bacterial receptor, NodD, that in turn induces expression of the bacterial nodulation (nod) genes. These nod genes encode enzymes involved in the production of lipochito-oligosaccharides, the Nod factors (Fig. 1a), which ar ...
... Legumes secrete flavonoids (Fig. 1a), which are specifically recognized by a bacterial receptor, NodD, that in turn induces expression of the bacterial nodulation (nod) genes. These nod genes encode enzymes involved in the production of lipochito-oligosaccharides, the Nod factors (Fig. 1a), which ar ...
Mutations lowering the phosphatase activity of HPr kinase
... L.casei hprK alleles were inserted into His tag expression vectors and the encoded HprK/Ps were puri®ed and tested for HPr kinase and phosphatase activity. In the V267F, G270E and N272I mutant HprK/Ps, the HPr kinase activity was only slightly reduced, whereas G160S mutant HprK/P exhibited low HPr k ...
... L.casei hprK alleles were inserted into His tag expression vectors and the encoded HprK/Ps were puri®ed and tested for HPr kinase and phosphatase activity. In the V267F, G270E and N272I mutant HprK/Ps, the HPr kinase activity was only slightly reduced, whereas G160S mutant HprK/P exhibited low HPr k ...
Functions of the Cdc14-Family Phosphatase Clp1p in the Cell Cycle
... nuclear cycle regulators and the cytokinesis regulators. The nuclear cycle regulators should be able to delay cytokinesis when chromosome segregation is delayed and the progression of the nuclear cycle regulators should react to delays in cytokinesis and stop mitotic entry to prevent polyploidy. A l ...
... nuclear cycle regulators and the cytokinesis regulators. The nuclear cycle regulators should be able to delay cytokinesis when chromosome segregation is delayed and the progression of the nuclear cycle regulators should react to delays in cytokinesis and stop mitotic entry to prevent polyploidy. A l ...
Sec2 Protein Contains a Coiled-Coil Domain Essential for Vesicular
... for all vesicular transport events. Such a general role has been suggested for the product of the SEC18 gene (Wilson et al., 1989). In addition to components that act generally, there must also be components that are required for only a single event or subset of events. Components involved in regula ...
... for all vesicular transport events. Such a general role has been suggested for the product of the SEC18 gene (Wilson et al., 1989). In addition to components that act generally, there must also be components that are required for only a single event or subset of events. Components involved in regula ...
The relevance of carbon dioxide metabolism in
... available for Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis only (Wang et al., 1998, 2000; Nicoloff et al., 2000, 2005; Arsène-Ploetze et al., 2006). The high atmospheric concentration of CO2 could have several effects on cellular physiology because it alters membrane properties, probably modifies ...
... available for Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis only (Wang et al., 1998, 2000; Nicoloff et al., 2000, 2005; Arsène-Ploetze et al., 2006). The high atmospheric concentration of CO2 could have several effects on cellular physiology because it alters membrane properties, probably modifies ...
COP9 signalosome turns the key on protein degradation
... elegans [19] and Aspergillus [20]. Mutant defects in yeast and Arabidopsis CSN subunits have been rescued with orthologs from Drosophila, C. elegans and mammals [12,19,21,22], indicating substantial functional conservation. In budding yeast, a CSN-like complex that includes the CSN5/Rri1 protei ...
... elegans [19] and Aspergillus [20]. Mutant defects in yeast and Arabidopsis CSN subunits have been rescued with orthologs from Drosophila, C. elegans and mammals [12,19,21,22], indicating substantial functional conservation. In budding yeast, a CSN-like complex that includes the CSN5/Rri1 protei ...
Dissociation of a ll0-kD Peripheral Membrane Protein from the Golgi
... are sorted en route to their final destination inside or outside of the cell. The striking morphology of this organdie, consisting of ordered stacks of cisternae, reflects a spatially differentiated structure that is believed to correlate with distinct Golgi functions (lhdade, 1975; Farquhar, 1985; ...
... are sorted en route to their final destination inside or outside of the cell. The striking morphology of this organdie, consisting of ordered stacks of cisternae, reflects a spatially differentiated structure that is believed to correlate with distinct Golgi functions (lhdade, 1975; Farquhar, 1985; ...
Roy M.Long , Wei Gu , Ellen Lorimer,
... The process of cellular differentiation during development of multicellular organisms requires the asymmetric sorting of cell fate determinants between sister cells. One mechanism used for the asymmetric segregation of cell fate determinants is to localize speci®cally the mRNAs encoding the determin ...
... The process of cellular differentiation during development of multicellular organisms requires the asymmetric sorting of cell fate determinants between sister cells. One mechanism used for the asymmetric segregation of cell fate determinants is to localize speci®cally the mRNAs encoding the determin ...
MUC1 in the kidney - University of Pittsburgh
... MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular mucin-like domain that yields protection from pathogens ...
... MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular mucin-like domain that yields protection from pathogens ...
Self-Construction in the Context of Cortical Growth: From One Cell to
... construction process: firstly, the genome that encodes what functions are possible, and provides rules for their expression; secondly the machine-like agents that are instantiations of the genomic functions; and thirdly the container (e.g. cell membrane) that provides the spatial and temporal scope ...
... construction process: firstly, the genome that encodes what functions are possible, and provides rules for their expression; secondly the machine-like agents that are instantiations of the genomic functions; and thirdly the container (e.g. cell membrane) that provides the spatial and temporal scope ...
Mechanisms and applications of disulfide bond formation
... About one-third of mammalian proteins are secreted proteins and membrane proteins. Most of these proteins contain disulfide bonds in their native state, covalent links formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues. In many proteins, disulfide bonds play an essential role in folding, stabilizi ...
... About one-third of mammalian proteins are secreted proteins and membrane proteins. Most of these proteins contain disulfide bonds in their native state, covalent links formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues. In many proteins, disulfide bonds play an essential role in folding, stabilizi ...
Significance of hydrolytic enzymes expressed during xylem
... importance of forests and their value for recreation, tourism and other economical uses of the forest and its products. Understanding wood development may help to increase and optimise yields. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of wood are determined by the properties of the lignocellulosic se ...
... importance of forests and their value for recreation, tourism and other economical uses of the forest and its products. Understanding wood development may help to increase and optimise yields. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of wood are determined by the properties of the lignocellulosic se ...
Depletion of the co-chaperone CDC-37 reveals two
... generating cell diversity. The first division of the C. elegans zygote provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of polarity on the ability of a cell to divide asymmetrically into daughters with different fates. The par genes (partitioning defective) are key regulators of polarity in the ea ...
... generating cell diversity. The first division of the C. elegans zygote provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of polarity on the ability of a cell to divide asymmetrically into daughters with different fates. The par genes (partitioning defective) are key regulators of polarity in the ea ...
The Clostridium difficile cell wall protein CwpV confers
... strategies to counter their attacks. Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen causing severe intestinal infections in humans and animals. Here we show that the conserved cell-surface protein CwpV provides antiphage protection in C. difficile. This protein, for which the expression is phase-var ...
... strategies to counter their attacks. Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen causing severe intestinal infections in humans and animals. Here we show that the conserved cell-surface protein CwpV provides antiphage protection in C. difficile. This protein, for which the expression is phase-var ...
Calcium: silver bullet in signaling
... cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) and Ca2 + channels play an important role in elevating [Ca2 + ]cyt (Fig. 1). Ca2 + channels have been detected in the plasma membrane, vacuolar membrane, ER, chloroplast and nuclear membranes of plant cells [5]. These channels are classified based on their voltage dependenc ...
... cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) and Ca2 + channels play an important role in elevating [Ca2 + ]cyt (Fig. 1). Ca2 + channels have been detected in the plasma membrane, vacuolar membrane, ER, chloroplast and nuclear membranes of plant cells [5]. These channels are classified based on their voltage dependenc ...
Cell regulation by the Apc protein Apc as master regulator of epithelia
... The first recognised function of Apc was its role in Wnt signalling [4,5]. This function is one of the driving forces for how mutations in Apc ensure that cells remain proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively ...
... The first recognised function of Apc was its role in Wnt signalling [4,5]. This function is one of the driving forces for how mutations in Apc ensure that cells remain proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively ...
Neuronal polarity: an evolutionary perspective
... In vertebrates, directional signaling of neurons is most often accomplished by specialization of neuronal processes into axons and dendrites, with axons as the output side of the cell and dendrites the input side. This specialization is termed neuronal polarity. In assembling the functional circuit ...
... In vertebrates, directional signaling of neurons is most often accomplished by specialization of neuronal processes into axons and dendrites, with axons as the output side of the cell and dendrites the input side. This specialization is termed neuronal polarity. In assembling the functional circuit ...
Developmental Regulation of Genes Encoding Universal Stress
... single domain in small USP proteins (∼14–15 kDa), as a tandem domain in larger USP proteins (∼30 kDa), or as one or two USP domains together with other functional domains.4,5 Examples of functional domains commonly fused to USP domains include antiporter, voltage channels, amino acid permeases, and ...
... single domain in small USP proteins (∼14–15 kDa), as a tandem domain in larger USP proteins (∼30 kDa), or as one or two USP domains together with other functional domains.4,5 Examples of functional domains commonly fused to USP domains include antiporter, voltage channels, amino acid permeases, and ...
Recent developments in the cell and molecular biology of root hairs
... relied on the isolation of mutants, particularly of Arabidopsis (see e.g. Schiefelbein and Somerville 1990, Schiefelbein et al. 1993, Baskin et al. 1992). For root hairs, Aeschbacher et al. (1994) deduced that genetic analysis of root hair development is facilitated by the fact the root hairs are di ...
... relied on the isolation of mutants, particularly of Arabidopsis (see e.g. Schiefelbein and Somerville 1990, Schiefelbein et al. 1993, Baskin et al. 1992). For root hairs, Aeschbacher et al. (1994) deduced that genetic analysis of root hair development is facilitated by the fact the root hairs are di ...
Identification of a Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Determinant in
... protein was shown to bind the PTS1 signal suggesting its potential role as a receptor. Additional experiments including cross-linking to an SKL-containing peptide confirmed this functional role for Pas8p (Terlecky et al., 1995). Finally, nuclear localization sequences have been used in ligand bindin ...
... protein was shown to bind the PTS1 signal suggesting its potential role as a receptor. Additional experiments including cross-linking to an SKL-containing peptide confirmed this functional role for Pas8p (Terlecky et al., 1995). Finally, nuclear localization sequences have been used in ligand bindin ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.