Higginbotham H, Eom TY, Mariani LE, Bachleda A, Hirt J, Gukassyan V, Cusack CL, Lai C, Caspary T, Anton ES. Developmental Cell. 2012, Nov 13 23(5):925-38. Arl13b in primary cilia regulates the migration and placement of interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
... of cilia function for cortical development and function is evident in various developmental brain disorders, such as Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Orofaciodigital, and Bardet-Biedl syndromes (commonly referred to as ciliopathies), where disrupted cilia function and the resultant changes in cortical format ...
... of cilia function for cortical development and function is evident in various developmental brain disorders, such as Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Orofaciodigital, and Bardet-Biedl syndromes (commonly referred to as ciliopathies), where disrupted cilia function and the resultant changes in cortical format ...
Serotonin Modulates Developmental Microglia
... a transient outward rectifying current above -30mV mediated by Kv1.3 potassium channels, similar to activated microglia, however, these postnatal microglia do not express other known activation markers like Mac2 or MHCII 12. Additionally, these microglial cells also express a panel of specific marke ...
... a transient outward rectifying current above -30mV mediated by Kv1.3 potassium channels, similar to activated microglia, however, these postnatal microglia do not express other known activation markers like Mac2 or MHCII 12. Additionally, these microglial cells also express a panel of specific marke ...
Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor
... reticulum (ER), which can take advantage of a conserved set of soluble proteins and ...
... reticulum (ER), which can take advantage of a conserved set of soluble proteins and ...
Functional Characterisation of Plant
... Plant mitochondria represent a fascinating model of mitochondrial evolution and biogenesis. Unlike their counterparts in fungi and animals, plant mitochondria coexist with another endosymbiotic organelle, the chloroplast. Therefore, significant differences in mitochondrial biology have been observed ...
... Plant mitochondria represent a fascinating model of mitochondrial evolution and biogenesis. Unlike their counterparts in fungi and animals, plant mitochondria coexist with another endosymbiotic organelle, the chloroplast. Therefore, significant differences in mitochondrial biology have been observed ...
Shaping the metaphase chromosome: coordination of cohesion and
... processes are coordinated with each other at a mechanistic level. In this review, we will first describe the central players in cohesion and condensation, and then discuss how a precise balance between cohesion and condensation might help determine the shape of the metaphase chromosome in mitosis. F ...
... processes are coordinated with each other at a mechanistic level. In this review, we will first describe the central players in cohesion and condensation, and then discuss how a precise balance between cohesion and condensation might help determine the shape of the metaphase chromosome in mitosis. F ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 5mb ) - EUR RePub
... or activators, allows a careful regulation of the proteolytic activity; the multifunctional and multicatalytic nature of the complexes involves many subunits; the formation of a channeling mechanism which binds and then cleaves ubiquitinated proteins sequentially, thereby avoiding diffusion of possi ...
... or activators, allows a careful regulation of the proteolytic activity; the multifunctional and multicatalytic nature of the complexes involves many subunits; the formation of a channeling mechanism which binds and then cleaves ubiquitinated proteins sequentially, thereby avoiding diffusion of possi ...
Sensitive Interaction between Raptor a
... mTOR in buffers containing the detergent Triton X-100, suggesting that the GL-mTOR interaction does not require raptor. In addition to HEK-293T cells, we also detected the endogenous mTOR-GL complex in mouse NIH-3T3 and C2C12 cell lines (data not shown). Furthermore, when overexpressed in HEK-293T ...
... mTOR in buffers containing the detergent Triton X-100, suggesting that the GL-mTOR interaction does not require raptor. In addition to HEK-293T cells, we also detected the endogenous mTOR-GL complex in mouse NIH-3T3 and C2C12 cell lines (data not shown). Furthermore, when overexpressed in HEK-293T ...
Multiple mechanisms determine the order of APC/C substrate
... Sullivan and Morgan, 2007). It is not clear how the same APC/C complex robustly distinguishes among its substrates and promotes their degradation at different times in the cell cycle. The timing of APC/CCdc20 substrate degradation in vertebrate cells is influenced by the spindle assembly checkpoint ...
... Sullivan and Morgan, 2007). It is not clear how the same APC/C complex robustly distinguishes among its substrates and promotes their degradation at different times in the cell cycle. The timing of APC/CCdc20 substrate degradation in vertebrate cells is influenced by the spindle assembly checkpoint ...
Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Dysfunctions
... A large number of disparate environmental factors contribute to the risk for schizophrenia. Markers of social adversity such as migration, unemployment, urban upbringing, lack of close friends, and childhood abuse are all associated with a wellestablished increased risk for schizophrenia that cannot ...
... A large number of disparate environmental factors contribute to the risk for schizophrenia. Markers of social adversity such as migration, unemployment, urban upbringing, lack of close friends, and childhood abuse are all associated with a wellestablished increased risk for schizophrenia that cannot ...
Molecular and cellular requirements for the
... molecular mechanisms whereby Ca2+ either stimulates or inhibits susceptible adenylate cyclases in vitro. However, in the intact cell an additional layer of sophistication is evident whereby Ca2+ -sensitive adenylate cyclases are juxtaposed with Ca2+ -entry channels, such that the cyclases respond se ...
... molecular mechanisms whereby Ca2+ either stimulates or inhibits susceptible adenylate cyclases in vitro. However, in the intact cell an additional layer of sophistication is evident whereby Ca2+ -sensitive adenylate cyclases are juxtaposed with Ca2+ -entry channels, such that the cyclases respond se ...
Increased Anxiety 3 Months after Brief Exposure to MDMA
... decreases in cortical, striatal, thalamic, and hypothalamic 5HT2A/2C receptor density, while low-dose MDMA tended to produce similar effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes ...
... decreases in cortical, striatal, thalamic, and hypothalamic 5HT2A/2C receptor density, while low-dose MDMA tended to produce similar effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes ...
HIV-1 entry in human macrophages - Hal-CEA
... HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Indeed, western blot analysis of surface proteins from monocytes, macrophages and T cells demonstrated differences in the biochemical properties of CXCR4 molecules in different cell types. CXCR4 was found to be mainly a monomer in monocytes and T cells, but was prin ...
... HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Indeed, western blot analysis of surface proteins from monocytes, macrophages and T cells demonstrated differences in the biochemical properties of CXCR4 molecules in different cell types. CXCR4 was found to be mainly a monomer in monocytes and T cells, but was prin ...
Title page: Lidocaine effects on acetylcholine-elicited currents from
... These results show that lidocaine mechanisms of action on neuronal heteromeric nAChR present in the peripheral nervous system are similar to those previously reported by Alberola-Die et al. (2011) for muscle-type nAChRs. The similarity of the actions evoked by lidocaine in dissociated SCG neurons an ...
... These results show that lidocaine mechanisms of action on neuronal heteromeric nAChR present in the peripheral nervous system are similar to those previously reported by Alberola-Die et al. (2011) for muscle-type nAChRs. The similarity of the actions evoked by lidocaine in dissociated SCG neurons an ...
Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates
... et al., 2012), indicating that DA in regions other than the brain may modulate micturition. Recent studies revealed that autonomic neurons in the rat lower spinal cord express DA receptors (Gladwell et al., 1999; Stafford and Coote, 2006), suggesting that DA released within the cord helps regulate a ...
... et al., 2012), indicating that DA in regions other than the brain may modulate micturition. Recent studies revealed that autonomic neurons in the rat lower spinal cord express DA receptors (Gladwell et al., 1999; Stafford and Coote, 2006), suggesting that DA released within the cord helps regulate a ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Slides PDF - CM
... extends from cell body and divides into two processes: one process carries sensory information from sensory receptors to cell body; other process carries sensory information from cell body to spinal cord; sensory neurons that carry information related to pain, touch, and pressure © 2016 Pearson Educ ...
... extends from cell body and divides into two processes: one process carries sensory information from sensory receptors to cell body; other process carries sensory information from cell body to spinal cord; sensory neurons that carry information related to pain, touch, and pressure © 2016 Pearson Educ ...
Flamingo controls the planar polarity of sensory
... apterous–Gal4 > UAS–fmi pupae (n = 26), the Numb crescent was also mispositioned and the mitotic spindle misoriented within the epithelial plane, but they remained aligned with each other (Figure 3g,h). Therefore, loss of function and overexpression of fmi both disrupted the cellular process that re ...
... apterous–Gal4 > UAS–fmi pupae (n = 26), the Numb crescent was also mispositioned and the mitotic spindle misoriented within the epithelial plane, but they remained aligned with each other (Figure 3g,h). Therefore, loss of function and overexpression of fmi both disrupted the cellular process that re ...
Constrained transcription factor spacing is prevalent and important
... regulation, and they have long been known as essential regulators of cell fate decisions in the haematopoietic system. TF proteins form complexes, bind regulatory DNA sequences on enhancers and promoter regions and help to recruit the basic transcriptional machinery to control the expression of near ...
... regulation, and they have long been known as essential regulators of cell fate decisions in the haematopoietic system. TF proteins form complexes, bind regulatory DNA sequences on enhancers and promoter regions and help to recruit the basic transcriptional machinery to control the expression of near ...
Dopamine-Independent Locomotion Following Blockade of N
... orphanin FQ-nociceptin; DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid; HVA, homovanillic acid; ANOVA, analysis of variance; mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor. ...
... orphanin FQ-nociceptin; DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid; HVA, homovanillic acid; ANOVA, analysis of variance; mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor. ...
Calcium regulates ricin transport to the Golgi apparatus
... 37°C in the same buffer. The cells were then loaded with fluorescent calcium indicators by incubation with buffer containing Fluo-3 AMester (5 µM) and Fura Red AM-ester (50 µM) for 1 hour at room temperature in the absence or presence of thapsigargin or A23187 (a ten times lower concentration of Flu ...
... 37°C in the same buffer. The cells were then loaded with fluorescent calcium indicators by incubation with buffer containing Fluo-3 AMester (5 µM) and Fura Red AM-ester (50 µM) for 1 hour at room temperature in the absence or presence of thapsigargin or A23187 (a ten times lower concentration of Flu ...
The GABAergic system in schizophrenia
... NMDA receptor-bearing GABAergic neurons. This state results in excessive dopaminergic input into corticolimbic regions (also see Carlsson et al., 2001) with resultant further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepi ...
... NMDA receptor-bearing GABAergic neurons. This state results in excessive dopaminergic input into corticolimbic regions (also see Carlsson et al., 2001) with resultant further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepi ...
Proteolytic processing in the secretory pathway of Aspergillus niger
... proteases. A brief explanation of these four groups is given here; a more elaborate description is given by van den Hombergh (1996). Each group has a different proteolytic mechanism and therefore different enzymatic characteristics and inhibitors. The cysteine proteases are a rare group of proteases ...
... proteases. A brief explanation of these four groups is given here; a more elaborate description is given by van den Hombergh (1996). Each group has a different proteolytic mechanism and therefore different enzymatic characteristics and inhibitors. The cysteine proteases are a rare group of proteases ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.