Sucrose and Invertase, an Uneasy Alliance
... uniformly distributed between different tissues. In ...
... uniformly distributed between different tissues. In ...
Divergent Functional Properties of the Ribosome
... exposed to the cytosol. Until an entire domain is synthesized, the translating protein likely remains unfolded, thereby exposing hydrophobic patches to the crowded environment outside the ribosome. Chaperones are thought to protect newly synthesized chains from aggregation by binding to these expose ...
... exposed to the cytosol. Until an entire domain is synthesized, the translating protein likely remains unfolded, thereby exposing hydrophobic patches to the crowded environment outside the ribosome. Chaperones are thought to protect newly synthesized chains from aggregation by binding to these expose ...
Proper Folding and Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi
... analysis of tyrosinase mRNA showed no increase in message levels (Fig. 1B, compare lane 5 to lane 6), suggesting that the changes occurred post-transcriptionally. Taken together, the increased abundance of tyrosinase species of 70 and 60 kDa and the accumulation of Endo H-resistant glycoforms indica ...
... analysis of tyrosinase mRNA showed no increase in message levels (Fig. 1B, compare lane 5 to lane 6), suggesting that the changes occurred post-transcriptionally. Taken together, the increased abundance of tyrosinase species of 70 and 60 kDa and the accumulation of Endo H-resistant glycoforms indica ...
R on Dendritic Cells - The Journal of Immunology
... trauma to reach acute phase levels as high as 100 –500 g/ml (7, 8). CRP interacts with the immune system by activating the classical complement pathway leading to opsonization (9, 10) and by direct binding to receptors on leukocytes leading to phagocytosis and cytokine synthesis. We established the ...
... trauma to reach acute phase levels as high as 100 –500 g/ml (7, 8). CRP interacts with the immune system by activating the classical complement pathway leading to opsonization (9, 10) and by direct binding to receptors on leukocytes leading to phagocytosis and cytokine synthesis. We established the ...
Ischemic dysfunction in transgenic mice expressing - AJP
... replacement of these with alanine results in nearcomplete preservation in ATPase activity in response to PKC. Also, Takeishi et al. (27) have demonstrated that in vivo phosphorylation of TnI by PKC decreases myofilament responsiveness to calcium and contractility. In hearts, in which the PKC sites a ...
... replacement of these with alanine results in nearcomplete preservation in ATPase activity in response to PKC. Also, Takeishi et al. (27) have demonstrated that in vivo phosphorylation of TnI by PKC decreases myofilament responsiveness to calcium and contractility. In hearts, in which the PKC sites a ...
Life, Death, and Cell Proliferation
... • Suitable for flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy • Easy to use and interpret An abundance of data suggests that mitochondria play a critical role in apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and other proteins essential for activation of pro-caspase-9 and execution of apoptosis. As such, assays de ...
... • Suitable for flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy • Easy to use and interpret An abundance of data suggests that mitochondria play a critical role in apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and other proteins essential for activation of pro-caspase-9 and execution of apoptosis. As such, assays de ...
Identification and Characterization of the Acid Phosphatase HppA in
... unique property of urea intake via an acid-activated channel, UreI [36]. Interestingly, urease itself is remarkably susceptible to acid and is immediately inactivated at pH 4.0 [8]. Moreover, the excessive amount of intracellular ammonia or ammonium ions produced from urea breakdown should be rapidl ...
... unique property of urea intake via an acid-activated channel, UreI [36]. Interestingly, urease itself is remarkably susceptible to acid and is immediately inactivated at pH 4.0 [8]. Moreover, the excessive amount of intracellular ammonia or ammonium ions produced from urea breakdown should be rapidl ...
Xavier Nadal i Roura PARTICIPATION OF THE ENDOGENOUS OPIOID AND CANNABINOID SYSTEMS
... sensitize them by means of reducing their threshold activation. In this type of pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia are present as a consequence of peripheral or central sensitization. Hyperalgesia means that painful stimuli of low intensity are perceived as they were of high intensity. In the case of ...
... sensitize them by means of reducing their threshold activation. In this type of pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia are present as a consequence of peripheral or central sensitization. Hyperalgesia means that painful stimuli of low intensity are perceived as they were of high intensity. In the case of ...
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... fibronectin and leucine-rich transmembrane protein family mediate repulsion through Unc5 receptors in multiple systems (Yamagishi et al., 2011). Similarly, Draxin, an axon guidance molecule expressed in the dorsal neural tube, acts on the same neurons that respond to Ntn1 and can bind to both Dcc an ...
... fibronectin and leucine-rich transmembrane protein family mediate repulsion through Unc5 receptors in multiple systems (Yamagishi et al., 2011). Similarly, Draxin, an axon guidance molecule expressed in the dorsal neural tube, acts on the same neurons that respond to Ntn1 and can bind to both Dcc an ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... actually the only permanent membrane structure of the different types of plastids (proplastids, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, etioplasts…); they are present in every plant cell, with very few exceptions (such as the highly specialized male sexual cells). As semi-autonomous organelles, plastids transcr ...
... actually the only permanent membrane structure of the different types of plastids (proplastids, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, etioplasts…); they are present in every plant cell, with very few exceptions (such as the highly specialized male sexual cells). As semi-autonomous organelles, plastids transcr ...
Adjeitey_Cyril _Nii-Klu_2013_ thesis
... UCP1 is a member of the mitochondrial transmembrane anion carrier protein superfamily and is required to mediate adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Once activated, UCP1 uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis, thereby wasting the protonmotive force formed across the ...
... UCP1 is a member of the mitochondrial transmembrane anion carrier protein superfamily and is required to mediate adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Once activated, UCP1 uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis, thereby wasting the protonmotive force formed across the ...
Conservation of PHO pathway in ascomycetes and the role of Pho84
... Persson et al. 1999) (figure 1). These transporters have 12 transmembrane domains with a long N-terminal SPX domain (Syg1-Pho81-Xpr1), a domain that is common to many PHO genes. Earlier, Pho91 was also considered as a low-affinity transport system but it is localized onto the vacuoles and, thus, not ...
... Persson et al. 1999) (figure 1). These transporters have 12 transmembrane domains with a long N-terminal SPX domain (Syg1-Pho81-Xpr1), a domain that is common to many PHO genes. Earlier, Pho91 was also considered as a low-affinity transport system but it is localized onto the vacuoles and, thus, not ...
Glycoxidation of biological macromolecules: A critical
... capacity (Van Campenhout et al. 2003). It has also been found that glycation affects calcium signaling and calcium-dependent processes. Human paraoxonase 1, a calcium-dependent esterase responsible for metabolism of membrane lipid hydroperoxides, is inactivated by glycation and implicated in coronar ...
... capacity (Van Campenhout et al. 2003). It has also been found that glycation affects calcium signaling and calcium-dependent processes. Human paraoxonase 1, a calcium-dependent esterase responsible for metabolism of membrane lipid hydroperoxides, is inactivated by glycation and implicated in coronar ...
Crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... above speci®ed residues produce either reduced activity or inactive enzymes. This strongly indicates that nucleotide binding as well as sulfurylase activity involves residues of these motifs. Additionally, a fourth highly conserved motif can be found: the 356ISGTxxR363 module is widespread among the ...
... above speci®ed residues produce either reduced activity or inactive enzymes. This strongly indicates that nucleotide binding as well as sulfurylase activity involves residues of these motifs. Additionally, a fourth highly conserved motif can be found: the 356ISGTxxR363 module is widespread among the ...
Structure and Central Connections Of PERIPHERAL OLFACTORY
... at their apical surfaces. In the human, microvillar cells occur in about a ratio of 1:10 with the bipolar receptor cells. A chemosensory function of these cells has yet to be demonstrated. The fourth cell type is the cell that lines the Bowman’s glands and ducts, whereas the fifth and sixth cell typ ...
... at their apical surfaces. In the human, microvillar cells occur in about a ratio of 1:10 with the bipolar receptor cells. A chemosensory function of these cells has yet to be demonstrated. The fourth cell type is the cell that lines the Bowman’s glands and ducts, whereas the fifth and sixth cell typ ...
The nullo protein is a component of the actin
... protein remain high during the initial slow phase of cellularization, when invagination of membrane is thought to depend on the incorporation of new membrane behind the furrow (Turner and Mahowald, 1976). Levels drop rapidly during the subsequent ‘fast’ phase and protein is barely detectable by the ...
... protein remain high during the initial slow phase of cellularization, when invagination of membrane is thought to depend on the incorporation of new membrane behind the furrow (Turner and Mahowald, 1976). Levels drop rapidly during the subsequent ‘fast’ phase and protein is barely detectable by the ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell
... spatial relationships between ER cisternae and the different cell plate membrane networks. For technical reasons, the phragmoplast-associated actin filaments, which also play a critical role in cell plate formation (Molchan et al., 2002), have not been reconstructed and are therefore not shown in ou ...
... spatial relationships between ER cisternae and the different cell plate membrane networks. For technical reasons, the phragmoplast-associated actin filaments, which also play a critical role in cell plate formation (Molchan et al., 2002), have not been reconstructed and are therefore not shown in ou ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... spatial relationships between ER cisternae and the different cell plate membrane networks. For technical reasons, the phragmoplast-associated actin filaments, which also play a critical role in cell plate formation (Molchan et al., 2002), have not been reconstructed and are therefore not shown in ou ...
... spatial relationships between ER cisternae and the different cell plate membrane networks. For technical reasons, the phragmoplast-associated actin filaments, which also play a critical role in cell plate formation (Molchan et al., 2002), have not been reconstructed and are therefore not shown in ou ...
Targeting of A. thaliana KNL2 to centromeres
... KNL2 (KINETOCHORE NULL 2) is involved in recognition of centromeres and in centromeric localization of the centromere-specific histone cenH3. Our study revealed a cenH3 nucleosomebinding CENPC-k motif at the C-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana KNL2, which is conserved among a wide spectrum of eukaryo ...
... KNL2 (KINETOCHORE NULL 2) is involved in recognition of centromeres and in centromeric localization of the centromere-specific histone cenH3. Our study revealed a cenH3 nucleosomebinding CENPC-k motif at the C-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana KNL2, which is conserved among a wide spectrum of eukaryo ...
www.drmichaellevin.org
... Interestingly, the situs of the heart and stomach and direction of rotation appear to be influenced independently by Shh signaling, resulting in a heterotaxic phenotype. We found examples of treated embryos where each was the only aspect of laterality which was reversed. Moreover, only 2 of the 16 e ...
... Interestingly, the situs of the heart and stomach and direction of rotation appear to be influenced independently by Shh signaling, resulting in a heterotaxic phenotype. We found examples of treated embryos where each was the only aspect of laterality which was reversed. Moreover, only 2 of the 16 e ...
Protein-protein interactions: mechanisms and
... (d) Hydrogen bonding. The average number of hydrogen bonds is proportional to the area of subunit interfaces: one bond for each 100–200 Å2 (Jones and Thornton, 1996) or about 10 bonds per interface (Lo Conte et al., 1999; Xu et al., 1997b). The hydrogen bonds are preferably of oxygen– nitrogen type ...
... (d) Hydrogen bonding. The average number of hydrogen bonds is proportional to the area of subunit interfaces: one bond for each 100–200 Å2 (Jones and Thornton, 1996) or about 10 bonds per interface (Lo Conte et al., 1999; Xu et al., 1997b). The hydrogen bonds are preferably of oxygen– nitrogen type ...
Live cell imaging reveals actin-cytoskeleton
... reached at an actin-to-NtWLIM1 ratio of 1:3 (Fig. 1D). Consistently, the same actin-to-NtWLIM1 ratio yielded the highest skewness value (degree of asymmetry of pixel intensity distribution; Higaki et al., 2010b; supplementary material Fig. S1D). The distribution of NtWLIM1 along emerging actin bund ...
... reached at an actin-to-NtWLIM1 ratio of 1:3 (Fig. 1D). Consistently, the same actin-to-NtWLIM1 ratio yielded the highest skewness value (degree of asymmetry of pixel intensity distribution; Higaki et al., 2010b; supplementary material Fig. S1D). The distribution of NtWLIM1 along emerging actin bund ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.