Structure and function of the eukaryotic ADP
... also identified and characterised. The ADPGK enzymes catalyse a phosphorylation reaction converting glucose and ADP to glucose-6-phosphate and AMP. The enzyme is well studied in extremophilic archaea, where ADPGK is part of a set of glycolytic enzymes that use ADP instead of ATP for the phosphorylat ...
... also identified and characterised. The ADPGK enzymes catalyse a phosphorylation reaction converting glucose and ADP to glucose-6-phosphate and AMP. The enzyme is well studied in extremophilic archaea, where ADPGK is part of a set of glycolytic enzymes that use ADP instead of ATP for the phosphorylat ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... spatial relationships between ER cisternae and the different cell plate membrane networks. For technical reasons, the phragmoplast-associated actin filaments, which also play a critical role in cell plate formation (Molchan et al., 2002), have not been reconstructed and are therefore not shown in ou ...
... spatial relationships between ER cisternae and the different cell plate membrane networks. For technical reasons, the phragmoplast-associated actin filaments, which also play a critical role in cell plate formation (Molchan et al., 2002), have not been reconstructed and are therefore not shown in ou ...
Interaction of Antiparallel Microtubules in the
... phragmoplast midline has grown (Otegui et al., 2005). Among them, the most likely MT cross-linking factors are proteins in the MT-associated protein65 (MAP65)/Anaphase Spindle Elongation1/Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis1 family and members of the Kinesin-12 subfamily (Jiang and Sonobe, 1993; Lee an ...
... phragmoplast midline has grown (Otegui et al., 2005). Among them, the most likely MT cross-linking factors are proteins in the MT-associated protein65 (MAP65)/Anaphase Spindle Elongation1/Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis1 family and members of the Kinesin-12 subfamily (Jiang and Sonobe, 1993; Lee an ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... Again, a correlation with BDNF levels was specific for SORLA and not seen for sortilin or synaptophysin that were expressed at normal levels in the striatum of the HT mouse model (Fig. 4 B). Given the established role of SORLA as negative regulator of APP processing, we wondered whether BDNF-mediate ...
... Again, a correlation with BDNF levels was specific for SORLA and not seen for sortilin or synaptophysin that were expressed at normal levels in the striatum of the HT mouse model (Fig. 4 B). Given the established role of SORLA as negative regulator of APP processing, we wondered whether BDNF-mediate ...
E. coli
... The property that distinguishes these two groups is the presence of the EPEC adherence factor plasmid (pEAF), which is only found in tEPEC aEPEC strains are emerging enteropathogens that have been detected worldwide The large variety of serotypes and genetic virulence properties of aEPEC strai ...
... The property that distinguishes these two groups is the presence of the EPEC adherence factor plasmid (pEAF), which is only found in tEPEC aEPEC strains are emerging enteropathogens that have been detected worldwide The large variety of serotypes and genetic virulence properties of aEPEC strai ...
Nicotinamidase modulation of NAD biosynthesis and nicotinamide
... Nicotinamidase modulation of NAD+ biosynthesis and nicotinamide levels separately affect reproductive development and cell survival in C. elegans Tracy L. Vrablik*, Li Huang*,†, Stephanie E. Lange and Wendy Hanna-Rose‡ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central molecule in cellular metabo ...
... Nicotinamidase modulation of NAD+ biosynthesis and nicotinamide levels separately affect reproductive development and cell survival in C. elegans Tracy L. Vrablik*, Li Huang*,†, Stephanie E. Lange and Wendy Hanna-Rose‡ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central molecule in cellular metabo ...
Sanguinarine (Pseudochelerythrine) Is a Potent Inhibitor of NF
... light, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and okadaic acid (OA) activates the transcription factor. NF-kB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates the expression of various cytokines, their receptors, major histocompatibility complex genes, cell adhesion proteins, and other gene products in ...
... light, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and okadaic acid (OA) activates the transcription factor. NF-kB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates the expression of various cytokines, their receptors, major histocompatibility complex genes, cell adhesion proteins, and other gene products in ...
Making a Connection: Direct Binding between
... in this interaction, and efforts to identify a direct association between purified DPI and tongue epithelial keratins have been unsuccessful (O'Keefe et al., 1989). A priori, the failure to cosediment keratin IFs and purified DPI might seem to support the notion that the interaction might be indirec ...
... in this interaction, and efforts to identify a direct association between purified DPI and tongue epithelial keratins have been unsuccessful (O'Keefe et al., 1989). A priori, the failure to cosediment keratin IFs and purified DPI might seem to support the notion that the interaction might be indirec ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Mammals
... An Mfn2 fragment, consisting of the transmembrane segment to the carboxyl terminus, contains suYcient information to localize to mitochondria (Rojo et al., 2002; Santel and Fuller, 2001). The carboxyl terminus of this fragment is oriented toward the cytosol, because it is able to interact with a sol ...
... An Mfn2 fragment, consisting of the transmembrane segment to the carboxyl terminus, contains suYcient information to localize to mitochondria (Rojo et al., 2002; Santel and Fuller, 2001). The carboxyl terminus of this fragment is oriented toward the cytosol, because it is able to interact with a sol ...
as a PDF
... mosaic virus (i.e. the viral particles of the virus) showing that this and presumably all other viruses, although did not have a fluid structure, were fundamentally different from the conventional cellular microorganisms (27). Soon, it was discovered that viruses contained primarily proteins and nuc ...
... mosaic virus (i.e. the viral particles of the virus) showing that this and presumably all other viruses, although did not have a fluid structure, were fundamentally different from the conventional cellular microorganisms (27). Soon, it was discovered that viruses contained primarily proteins and nuc ...
Phloem Structure and Function
... consumption or storage). The uptake of sugar leads to an osmotic pressure difference across the plasma membrane that stimulates the influx of water and the development of a high turgor pressure in sieve elements of source tissues. The removal or unloading of sugars (and water) from sieve elements lowe ...
... consumption or storage). The uptake of sugar leads to an osmotic pressure difference across the plasma membrane that stimulates the influx of water and the development of a high turgor pressure in sieve elements of source tissues. The removal or unloading of sugars (and water) from sieve elements lowe ...
Full Article - PDF - Journal of Biotech Research
... two domains that are clearly connected by a long central loop. These domains have also been observed by Jiang et al. [30] and others [31, 32, 33, 34]. The inward and outward opening of the pore through the membrane is a major property of MFS transporter family proteins [28]. They have both the N- an ...
... two domains that are clearly connected by a long central loop. These domains have also been observed by Jiang et al. [30] and others [31, 32, 33, 34]. The inward and outward opening of the pore through the membrane is a major property of MFS transporter family proteins [28]. They have both the N- an ...
Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of
... shape, a good agreement between analytic and exact results is reached for low and intermediate constriction stages. Once the shape that minimizes the energy was calculated, other relevant properties of the system were obtained. Therefore, the proposed method should be sufficiently powerful to map th ...
... shape, a good agreement between analytic and exact results is reached for low and intermediate constriction stages. Once the shape that minimizes the energy was calculated, other relevant properties of the system were obtained. Therefore, the proposed method should be sufficiently powerful to map th ...
Eucalyptus grandis cellulose synthase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana MARJA M. O’NEILL
... component for paper and pulp manufacturers. Cellulose is a cell wall polymer of chains of β1,4-linked glucose molecules that crystallize to form cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. Biosynthesis of cellulose in plants occurs at the plasma membrane through the action of rosette-shaped cellulos ...
... component for paper and pulp manufacturers. Cellulose is a cell wall polymer of chains of β1,4-linked glucose molecules that crystallize to form cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. Biosynthesis of cellulose in plants occurs at the plasma membrane through the action of rosette-shaped cellulos ...
Nerves and how they work File
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...
The Unusual Binding Properties of the Third Distinct Teleost
... other ERs in the conserved domains of the molecule. However, there are several significant amino acid changes in these domains that are shared by all of the cloned ERas (17). These amino acids may have functional significance that distinguish ERa from ER␣ and ERb. Several of these diagnostic resi ...
... other ERs in the conserved domains of the molecule. However, there are several significant amino acid changes in these domains that are shared by all of the cloned ERas (17). These amino acids may have functional significance that distinguish ERa from ER␣ and ERb. Several of these diagnostic resi ...
a b
... positive charges facilitate initial binding to the negatively charged bacterial membrane through an electrostatic interaction, then the hydrophobic portion of the peptide inserts into bacterial membrane to form pores, leading to membrane permeabilization [6,21]. There are also several peptides havin ...
... positive charges facilitate initial binding to the negatively charged bacterial membrane through an electrostatic interaction, then the hydrophobic portion of the peptide inserts into bacterial membrane to form pores, leading to membrane permeabilization [6,21]. There are also several peptides havin ...
Analysis of the bipartite networks of domain compositions and
... more than one domain subunit were extracted. We show three major hierarchies in Figure 2. The protein kinase domain (PF00069) is part of the conserved catalytic core shared by serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases in eukaryotes (Hanks and Hunter 1995). Three specialized domains – protein tyrosine ki ...
... more than one domain subunit were extracted. We show three major hierarchies in Figure 2. The protein kinase domain (PF00069) is part of the conserved catalytic core shared by serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases in eukaryotes (Hanks and Hunter 1995). Three specialized domains – protein tyrosine ki ...
Endogenous release of 5-HT modulates the plateau phase of NMDA
... The lamprey central nervous system has been used extensively as a model system for investigating the networks underlying vertebrate motor behavior. The locomotor networks can be activated by application of glutamate agonists, such as N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), to the isolated spinal cord prepa ...
... The lamprey central nervous system has been used extensively as a model system for investigating the networks underlying vertebrate motor behavior. The locomotor networks can be activated by application of glutamate agonists, such as N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), to the isolated spinal cord prepa ...
morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated
... minimal disruption to neural tissue. These two fixating methods were applied to control neural tissue as well as tissues exposed to 0.137M and 0.685M hydrocortisone. When evaluated by TEM, the control tissue appeared to be intact with no displacement. Exposure of neurons to 0.137M hydrocortisone ...
... minimal disruption to neural tissue. These two fixating methods were applied to control neural tissue as well as tissues exposed to 0.137M and 0.685M hydrocortisone. When evaluated by TEM, the control tissue appeared to be intact with no displacement. Exposure of neurons to 0.137M hydrocortisone ...
Mitochondrial translation factors of Trypanosoma brucei: elongation
... cytosolic tRNAs and with highly derived ribosomes having ultra-short rRNAs (Niemann et al., 2011). Of all the translation factors mentioned above, EF-Tu is therefore of special interest since it must directly interact with both imported, eukaryotic-type tRNAs and the uniquely structured ribosome. EF ...
... cytosolic tRNAs and with highly derived ribosomes having ultra-short rRNAs (Niemann et al., 2011). Of all the translation factors mentioned above, EF-Tu is therefore of special interest since it must directly interact with both imported, eukaryotic-type tRNAs and the uniquely structured ribosome. EF ...
Development and Characterization of New Species Cross
... with different cells of the granulocytic lineage in a sialic acid-dependent manner, like bone marrow cells, neutrophils, and blood leukocytes [4,10,11]. Besides cells of the granulocytic lineage, Sn is able to bind with red blood cells (RBC) in a sialic acid-dependent manner, resulting in the format ...
... with different cells of the granulocytic lineage in a sialic acid-dependent manner, like bone marrow cells, neutrophils, and blood leukocytes [4,10,11]. Besides cells of the granulocytic lineage, Sn is able to bind with red blood cells (RBC) in a sialic acid-dependent manner, resulting in the format ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... 2.4. SDS–PAGE and Western blot analysis The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. ...
... 2.4. SDS–PAGE and Western blot analysis The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. ...
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Expression of NGF and the Low
... mandible of an E15.5 embryo hybridized to ~75 MX=Rantisense riboprobe. Note the extensive ~75~~~ expression throughout the mesenchyme of the maxillary process. G, Dark-field photomicrograph of section adjacent to F and hybridized to NGF antisense riboprobe. Note transcripts are confined to the epith ...
... mandible of an E15.5 embryo hybridized to ~75 MX=Rantisense riboprobe. Note the extensive ~75~~~ expression throughout the mesenchyme of the maxillary process. G, Dark-field photomicrograph of section adjacent to F and hybridized to NGF antisense riboprobe. Note transcripts are confined to the epith ...
The PRT protein family Sangita C Sinha* and Janet L Smith
... coordination sphere. Nucleotide feedback inhibitor complexes of glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (GPATase) bind Mg2+ in the alternative position [9,10] (Figure 3a). Mg2+ occupies a similar position in the ternary complex of a guanine PRTase with a nucleotide product analog and PPi [24], and in a xant ...
... coordination sphere. Nucleotide feedback inhibitor complexes of glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (GPATase) bind Mg2+ in the alternative position [9,10] (Figure 3a). Mg2+ occupies a similar position in the ternary complex of a guanine PRTase with a nucleotide product analog and PPi [24], and in a xant ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.