as Hotspot Ca 2+ Signaling Units
... Calcium ions (Ca2+) are ubiquitous intracellular messengers that can set up and/or regulate many different cellular functions, including gene expression, cellular contraction, secretion, synaptic transmission, metabolism, differentiation and proliferation, as well as cell death. The universality of ...
... Calcium ions (Ca2+) are ubiquitous intracellular messengers that can set up and/or regulate many different cellular functions, including gene expression, cellular contraction, secretion, synaptic transmission, metabolism, differentiation and proliferation, as well as cell death. The universality of ...
current models for the structure of biological membranes rev iew
... general by Wallach (274), for isolated bacterial membranes by Salton (232-234), for the rat liver cell membrane by Benedetti and Emmelot (16), and with special emphasis on the erythrocyte membrane by Maddy (164) . The problem is not too serious for our purpose, because we intend to discuss only the ...
... general by Wallach (274), for isolated bacterial membranes by Salton (232-234), for the rat liver cell membrane by Benedetti and Emmelot (16), and with special emphasis on the erythrocyte membrane by Maddy (164) . The problem is not too serious for our purpose, because we intend to discuss only the ...
Retinoic acid and chick limb bud development
... retinoic acid at stage 18. Coracoid (CO) is short and appears to be duplicated. CO, coracoid, SC, scapula. (E) Wing after the same treatment as in (D). Coracoid is fused with the scapula. Elements on either side of the joint appear symmetrical. The head of the coracoid resembles that of the scapula. ...
... retinoic acid at stage 18. Coracoid (CO) is short and appears to be duplicated. CO, coracoid, SC, scapula. (E) Wing after the same treatment as in (D). Coracoid is fused with the scapula. Elements on either side of the joint appear symmetrical. The head of the coracoid resembles that of the scapula. ...
Utilization of iron/organic ligand complexes by marine
... components of chlorophylls and heme proteins (Geider & LaRoche 1994) and are characterized by 4 pyrrole rings linked together by a methane bridge. Both siderophores and porphyrins have very high conditional stability constants for iron binding which are nearly identical to those of the natural ligan ...
... components of chlorophylls and heme proteins (Geider & LaRoche 1994) and are characterized by 4 pyrrole rings linked together by a methane bridge. Both siderophores and porphyrins have very high conditional stability constants for iron binding which are nearly identical to those of the natural ligan ...
Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic heteroreceptors were elucidated first, the detectio ...
... nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic heteroreceptors were elucidated first, the detectio ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.022673. ...
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.022673. ...
Report Organelles in Blastocystis that Blur the
... same organelles is more suggestive of hydrogenosomal metabolism. To clarify the metabolic properties of the Blastocystis MLOs, we used 3330 clusters constructed from our EST data for a comparative BLAST search against the yeast and human mitochondrial proteomes [14, 15]. In addition, the KEGG Automa ...
... same organelles is more suggestive of hydrogenosomal metabolism. To clarify the metabolic properties of the Blastocystis MLOs, we used 3330 clusters constructed from our EST data for a comparative BLAST search against the yeast and human mitochondrial proteomes [14, 15]. In addition, the KEGG Automa ...
antoniadi_et_al._2015.
... is strongest in the procambium and quiescent center (QC), respectively (Kuroha et al., 2009), whereas root expression of CYP735A2 is predominantly in the vasculature (Kiba et al., 2013). Analysis of GUS patterns reveals that CKX4 is expressed in guard cells and root cap, CKX5 in axillary buds, and C ...
... is strongest in the procambium and quiescent center (QC), respectively (Kuroha et al., 2009), whereas root expression of CYP735A2 is predominantly in the vasculature (Kiba et al., 2013). Analysis of GUS patterns reveals that CKX4 is expressed in guard cells and root cap, CKX5 in axillary buds, and C ...
Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
CHAPTER 2 Literature Review I Bone Homeostasis
... fuse to form mature resorbing osteoclasts. OPG acts as a decoy receptor in the RANK-RANKL signaling system inhibiting osteoclast formation.10 Apart from inhibiting osteoclast formation, OPG is also involved in suppressing osteoclast survival.11,70 The presence of OPG in the bone microenvironment the ...
... fuse to form mature resorbing osteoclasts. OPG acts as a decoy receptor in the RANK-RANKL signaling system inhibiting osteoclast formation.10 Apart from inhibiting osteoclast formation, OPG is also involved in suppressing osteoclast survival.11,70 The presence of OPG in the bone microenvironment the ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... Conserved microbial signatures are perceived via plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In Arabidopsis, perception of the fungal cell wall component chitin requires the LysM receptor-like kinase CERK1. CERK1 is post-translationally modified to release a soluble ectodomain de ...
... Conserved microbial signatures are perceived via plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In Arabidopsis, perception of the fungal cell wall component chitin requires the LysM receptor-like kinase CERK1. CERK1 is post-translationally modified to release a soluble ectodomain de ...
pdf: Rahman et al. 2007.
... examined actin organization in the primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana. In treatments for 48 h that inhibited root elongation rate by 50%, we find that auxins and auxin-transport inhibitors can be divided into two classes based on their effects on cell division, elongation and actin organization. I ...
... examined actin organization in the primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana. In treatments for 48 h that inhibited root elongation rate by 50%, we find that auxins and auxin-transport inhibitors can be divided into two classes based on their effects on cell division, elongation and actin organization. I ...
Definition of Early Transcriptional Circuitry Involved
... exposure of dark-grown seedlings to light (Monte et al., 2004). Subsequently, we showed that the hypersensitive seedling phenotype in prolonged light is largely due to a feedback loop whereby the binding of the PIFs to phyB modulates phyB abundance, and thus global photosensory sensitivity to contin ...
... exposure of dark-grown seedlings to light (Monte et al., 2004). Subsequently, we showed that the hypersensitive seedling phenotype in prolonged light is largely due to a feedback loop whereby the binding of the PIFs to phyB modulates phyB abundance, and thus global photosensory sensitivity to contin ...
A New Cell Secreting Insulin
... NSULIN GENE expression and secretion of insulin protein in all adult animals, including humans, are still known to be pancreatic -cell specific. A search for an alternative source of pancreatic -cells in nature has not yet been successful. Insulin-like material was detected in the bacteria Escheri ...
... NSULIN GENE expression and secretion of insulin protein in all adult animals, including humans, are still known to be pancreatic -cell specific. A search for an alternative source of pancreatic -cells in nature has not yet been successful. Insulin-like material was detected in the bacteria Escheri ...
Assembling the Presynaptic Active Zone: A Characterization of an
... 30 min after the initial axodendritic contact (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000; see also Ahmari et al., 2000). In contrast, the recruitment of glutamate receptors, presumably to the postsynaptic compartment, seems to be delayed on average by another 40 min (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000). These studie ...
... 30 min after the initial axodendritic contact (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000; see also Ahmari et al., 2000). In contrast, the recruitment of glutamate receptors, presumably to the postsynaptic compartment, seems to be delayed on average by another 40 min (VardinonFriedman et al., 2000). These studie ...
![[7] Semisynthesis of Proteins Containing Selenocysteine](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004768810_1-d08ecd7536246bbf8b4baa16bb630c93-300x300.png)
[7] Semisynthesis of Proteins Containing Selenocysteine
... A semisynthetic approach for incorporating selenocysteine residues into proteins has become evident to us. Our approach makes use of "native chemical ligation."s,9 Native chemical ligation allows for two peptide chains to be joined chemoselectively through the use of a C-terminal thioester on one pe ...
... A semisynthetic approach for incorporating selenocysteine residues into proteins has become evident to us. Our approach makes use of "native chemical ligation."s,9 Native chemical ligation allows for two peptide chains to be joined chemoselectively through the use of a C-terminal thioester on one pe ...
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP
... pairs of primers (IGFBP-2a-f, IGFBP-2a-r and IGFBP2b-f, IGFBP-2b-r) were designed in non-conservative region for cloning and verifying the partial fragment of P. olivaceus IGFBP-2. In PCR amplification, 1 lL cDNA template, 2 lL of 109 Ex Taq buffer, 1.6 lL of dNTP (2.5 mM of each), 1 lL of the forwa ...
... pairs of primers (IGFBP-2a-f, IGFBP-2a-r and IGFBP2b-f, IGFBP-2b-r) were designed in non-conservative region for cloning and verifying the partial fragment of P. olivaceus IGFBP-2. In PCR amplification, 1 lL cDNA template, 2 lL of 109 Ex Taq buffer, 1.6 lL of dNTP (2.5 mM of each), 1 lL of the forwa ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippocampal components and signaling properties involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and induction of seizures, to guide a rational search for such future treatments. In the present thesis, we have applied opt ...
... treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippocampal components and signaling properties involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and induction of seizures, to guide a rational search for such future treatments. In the present thesis, we have applied opt ...
Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... The ATP concentration inside the cell is typically 1–10 mM.[21] ATP can be produced by redox reactions using simple and complex sugars (carbohydrates) or lipids as an energy source. For ATP to be synthesized from complex fuels, they first need to be broken down into their basic components. Carbohydr ...
... The ATP concentration inside the cell is typically 1–10 mM.[21] ATP can be produced by redox reactions using simple and complex sugars (carbohydrates) or lipids as an energy source. For ATP to be synthesized from complex fuels, they first need to be broken down into their basic components. Carbohydr ...
Review Early Steps in the Development of the Forebrain
... this region of our CNS that confers many uniquely human attributes. Despite this, the general organization of the forebrain is conserved in all vertebrates. What makes the brain of each species unique is not the initial presence or absence of different subdomains of the CNS; rather, it is the extent ...
... this region of our CNS that confers many uniquely human attributes. Despite this, the general organization of the forebrain is conserved in all vertebrates. What makes the brain of each species unique is not the initial presence or absence of different subdomains of the CNS; rather, it is the extent ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... of CREST described previously (Aizawa et al., 2004). The reciprocal pattern of the recovered peptide abundance also suggested a switch in SS18/CREST expression during neural differentiation, in which SS18 is expressed in ES cells and MEFs whereas CREST is expressed in neurons. Because specific assem ...
... of CREST described previously (Aizawa et al., 2004). The reciprocal pattern of the recovered peptide abundance also suggested a switch in SS18/CREST expression during neural differentiation, in which SS18 is expressed in ES cells and MEFs whereas CREST is expressed in neurons. Because specific assem ...
2 ATP - jpsaos
... Find the link… In your notes, separate all these organisms into 2 groups. (INDIVIDUALLY) ...
... Find the link… In your notes, separate all these organisms into 2 groups. (INDIVIDUALLY) ...
The sucrose-cleaving enzymes of plants are crucial for development
... weight ratios are unchanged, suggesting that sucrose synthase in carrot is a major determinant of plant growth, rather than of sucrose partitioning. In contrast to maize, the product of only one gene (Sus*Dc1) appears to provide the precursors for both starch and cellulose biosynthesis in carrot. It ...
... weight ratios are unchanged, suggesting that sucrose synthase in carrot is a major determinant of plant growth, rather than of sucrose partitioning. In contrast to maize, the product of only one gene (Sus*Dc1) appears to provide the precursors for both starch and cellulose biosynthesis in carrot. It ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... mammalian Apaf-1, which is a caspase-9 cofactor in the presence of cytochrome c and ATP, and this complex is commonly known as the apoptosome (Li et al., 1997; Rodriguez et al., 1999; Zou et al., 1997). Ced-9 is a member of the BCL-2 family of the cell death regulators (Hengartner and Horvitz, 1994; ...
... mammalian Apaf-1, which is a caspase-9 cofactor in the presence of cytochrome c and ATP, and this complex is commonly known as the apoptosome (Li et al., 1997; Rodriguez et al., 1999; Zou et al., 1997). Ced-9 is a member of the BCL-2 family of the cell death regulators (Hengartner and Horvitz, 1994; ...
The ribosome — a macromolecular machine par excellence
... formed, in major part, by the 5S RNA. In contrast to the L7/L12 stalk, the L1 stalk is always well defined, resembling a mushroom with a globular hat that is formed by the L1 protein, and a stem formed by double-stranded 23S RNA. Closer analysis of the flat side of the large subunit reveals a canyon ...
... formed, in major part, by the 5S RNA. In contrast to the L7/L12 stalk, the L1 stalk is always well defined, resembling a mushroom with a globular hat that is formed by the L1 protein, and a stem formed by double-stranded 23S RNA. Closer analysis of the flat side of the large subunit reveals a canyon ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.