Amino acid regulation of mTORC1 Liron Bar-Peled
... Ser/Thr kinase that regulates cellular and organismal growth. Accordingly, mTORC1 has substantial roles in regulating insulin sensitivity and lifespan, and when deregulated, it is implicated in the pathogenesis of common cancers. mTORC1 responds to a diverse set of stimuli, including growth factors, ...
... Ser/Thr kinase that regulates cellular and organismal growth. Accordingly, mTORC1 has substantial roles in regulating insulin sensitivity and lifespan, and when deregulated, it is implicated in the pathogenesis of common cancers. mTORC1 responds to a diverse set of stimuli, including growth factors, ...
The mating pair stabilization protein, TraN, of the F plasmid is an
... importance in TraN function. TraN appears to require both intra- and intermolecular disulfide bond formation for its stability and structure as demonstrated by its instability in a dsbA mutant and its aberrant migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gels under non-reducing conditions or by cross-linking wit ...
... importance in TraN function. TraN appears to require both intra- and intermolecular disulfide bond formation for its stability and structure as demonstrated by its instability in a dsbA mutant and its aberrant migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gels under non-reducing conditions or by cross-linking wit ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
Endocytic membrane fusion and buckling
... It has been proposed that the fusion of organelles with the furrow PM is important during the resolution of the ICB (Baluska et al., 2006). However, the function and timing of these fusion events remain controversial. Some studies suggest that asymmetric and synchronous fusion of secretory organelle ...
... It has been proposed that the fusion of organelles with the furrow PM is important during the resolution of the ICB (Baluska et al., 2006). However, the function and timing of these fusion events remain controversial. Some studies suggest that asymmetric and synchronous fusion of secretory organelle ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... injection site (see also Fig. 8) (Popovich et al., 2002). Activated microglia (blue) lie adjacent to MDMs and form a column of activated cells that extends for several millimeters. C, D, A two-dimensional representation of spinal cord sections stained for microglia/macrophages (OX42 antibody), then ...
... injection site (see also Fig. 8) (Popovich et al., 2002). Activated microglia (blue) lie adjacent to MDMs and form a column of activated cells that extends for several millimeters. C, D, A two-dimensional representation of spinal cord sections stained for microglia/macrophages (OX42 antibody), then ...
Effects on Kiwifruit Quality using an Amino Acid Chelate
... the beneficial effect Calcium has on fruit quality and shelf life. Calcium is an extremely important element in maintaining the strength of stems and stalks of plants. This mineral also regulates the absorption of nutrients across cell membranes. Calcium plays an important role in plant cell elongat ...
... the beneficial effect Calcium has on fruit quality and shelf life. Calcium is an extremely important element in maintaining the strength of stems and stalks of plants. This mineral also regulates the absorption of nutrients across cell membranes. Calcium plays an important role in plant cell elongat ...
A non-canonical pathway for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in
... Developing a protocol for electroporation of N. pharaonis............... 141 ...
... Developing a protocol for electroporation of N. pharaonis............... 141 ...
Pollen Tube Growth Oscillations and Intracellular
... motion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and found that it exhibited an oscillatory character, in which it moved forward, forming a platform structure, in advance of the increase in growth rate. As a leader, actin structure and activity might be part of the mechanism that initiates the surge in gro ...
... motion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and found that it exhibited an oscillatory character, in which it moved forward, forming a platform structure, in advance of the increase in growth rate. As a leader, actin structure and activity might be part of the mechanism that initiates the surge in gro ...
Acetylation of Polysaccharides in Plant Cell Wall
... current 7.2 billion to 12.3 billion in 2100 (Gerland et al., 2014). To meet the food and energy demand for such a huge population, we need to find new food and energy resources and modify existing ones. Plants are serving this purpose since beginning of human race. Also, plant biomass which is mainl ...
... current 7.2 billion to 12.3 billion in 2100 (Gerland et al., 2014). To meet the food and energy demand for such a huge population, we need to find new food and energy resources and modify existing ones. Plants are serving this purpose since beginning of human race. Also, plant biomass which is mainl ...
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lecture the student should be
... • Hydrogen bonds stabilize the helical sections inside this protein, causing attractions within the molecule, folding each polypeptide chain into a specific shape. • Hemoglobin's quaternary structure comes from its four subunits in roughly a tetrahedral arrangement. • In most humans, the hemoglobin ...
... • Hydrogen bonds stabilize the helical sections inside this protein, causing attractions within the molecule, folding each polypeptide chain into a specific shape. • Hemoglobin's quaternary structure comes from its four subunits in roughly a tetrahedral arrangement. • In most humans, the hemoglobin ...
GO - Buffalo Ontology Site
... because GO molecular functions are what philosophers would call 'occurrents', meaning events, processes or activities, rather than 'continuants' which are entities e.g. organisms, cells, or chromosomes. The word activity helps distinguish between the protein and the activity of that protein, for exa ...
... because GO molecular functions are what philosophers would call 'occurrents', meaning events, processes or activities, rather than 'continuants' which are entities e.g. organisms, cells, or chromosomes. The word activity helps distinguish between the protein and the activity of that protein, for exa ...
Membrane immersion allows rhomboid proteases to achieve
... In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that rhomboid proteolysis is notably site-specific, in contrast to o ...
... In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that rhomboid proteolysis is notably site-specific, in contrast to o ...
Chloroplast anchoring: its implications for the
... On the other hand, during the avoidance response of chloroplasts, immobile chloroplasts must become mobile before the start of the relocation movement. In the epidermal cells of V. gigantea, strong blue light initially induces randomly oriented, short-range movement of chloroplasts within a few minu ...
... On the other hand, during the avoidance response of chloroplasts, immobile chloroplasts must become mobile before the start of the relocation movement. In the epidermal cells of V. gigantea, strong blue light initially induces randomly oriented, short-range movement of chloroplasts within a few minu ...
Receptor-Like Activity Evoked by Extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... directed currents across the PM of a single protoplast, resulting in a positive shift of reversal potential (Erev) away from the equilibrium potentials for K+ and Cl2 (EK = 2158 mV; ECl = 236 mV) and toward that for Ca2+ (ECa = 155 mV). The mean Erev of the extracellular ADPinduced current (estimate ...
... directed currents across the PM of a single protoplast, resulting in a positive shift of reversal potential (Erev) away from the equilibrium potentials for K+ and Cl2 (EK = 2158 mV; ECl = 236 mV) and toward that for Ca2+ (ECa = 155 mV). The mean Erev of the extracellular ADPinduced current (estimate ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells
... amino acids, growth factors and energy, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) represses autophagy by inhibiting the kinase activity of ULK1. In contrast, in the absence of amino acids and growth factors, or in response to an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio (via activation of AMPK), mTORC1 is inhibited and autop ...
... amino acids, growth factors and energy, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) represses autophagy by inhibiting the kinase activity of ULK1. In contrast, in the absence of amino acids and growth factors, or in response to an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio (via activation of AMPK), mTORC1 is inhibited and autop ...
Enzymatic activation of sulfur for incorporation into biomolecules in
... vinelandii is located at the 5 0 end of an operon, which also contains iscU, iscA, hscB, hscA and fdx; this type of operon is widespread in nature (Zheng et al., 1998) and crucial for general iron sulfur cluster (isc) biosynthesis in many organisms. IscU is the scaffold protein interacting with IscS ...
... vinelandii is located at the 5 0 end of an operon, which also contains iscU, iscA, hscB, hscA and fdx; this type of operon is widespread in nature (Zheng et al., 1998) and crucial for general iron sulfur cluster (isc) biosynthesis in many organisms. IscU is the scaffold protein interacting with IscS ...
Subcellular localization of peroxidase in tomato fruit skin and the
... The use of high ionic strength buffers to elute `wallbound' peroxidases is a standard procedure used to examine ionically bound cell wall enzymes (Ferrer et al., 1991; Andrews et al., 2000; Quiroga et al., 2000). However, this procedure may not distinguish between peroxidases bound to the cell wall ...
... The use of high ionic strength buffers to elute `wallbound' peroxidases is a standard procedure used to examine ionically bound cell wall enzymes (Ferrer et al., 1991; Andrews et al., 2000; Quiroga et al., 2000). However, this procedure may not distinguish between peroxidases bound to the cell wall ...
General and cell type specific mechanisms target
... PKD-2 ciliary abundance is regulated also by KLP-6, a cell-type specific kinesin 3 (Peden and Barr, 2005). KLP-6 is not essential for ciliogenesis or for PKD-2 entrance to cilia. However, PKD-2::GFP accumulates in the ciliary base and cilium in a klp-6 mutant. KLP-6 has been proposed to act as an an ...
... PKD-2 ciliary abundance is regulated also by KLP-6, a cell-type specific kinesin 3 (Peden and Barr, 2005). KLP-6 is not essential for ciliogenesis or for PKD-2 entrance to cilia. However, PKD-2::GFP accumulates in the ciliary base and cilium in a klp-6 mutant. KLP-6 has been proposed to act as an an ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Sympathetic Remodeling and Arrhythmias
... denervation including Chagas disease, diabetic neuropathy, and myocardial infarction 84, 87, 88. Restoring adrenergic transmission in Chagas animals with NE infusion ...
... denervation including Chagas disease, diabetic neuropathy, and myocardial infarction 84, 87, 88. Restoring adrenergic transmission in Chagas animals with NE infusion ...
Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacterial pathogens
... performed with plasmid insertion mutants, two MEP pathway mutants [gcpE (lmo1441) and lytB (lmo1451)] and two mevalonate pathway mutants [hmgR (lmo0825) and mvk (lmo0010)]. However, recent experiments in our laboratory utilizing precise deletion mutants suggest that HMGR may be essential for normal ...
... performed with plasmid insertion mutants, two MEP pathway mutants [gcpE (lmo1441) and lytB (lmo1451)] and two mevalonate pathway mutants [hmgR (lmo0825) and mvk (lmo0010)]. However, recent experiments in our laboratory utilizing precise deletion mutants suggest that HMGR may be essential for normal ...
Involvement of auxin in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato
... especially phosphate, with their mycelium growing around the roots. These nutrients are then provided to their plant host through specific intraradical, highly branched, structures called arbuscules (Smith and Read, 2008). In return they get their carbon source from their plant host. They also impro ...
... especially phosphate, with their mycelium growing around the roots. These nutrients are then provided to their plant host through specific intraradical, highly branched, structures called arbuscules (Smith and Read, 2008). In return they get their carbon source from their plant host. They also impro ...
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... axis formation. The hallmark of canonical Wnt signaling is the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus where it activates gene transcription. However, the mechanisms regulating β-catenin nuclear localization are poorly understood. We show that Simplet/ Fam53B (Smp) is required for Wnt signaling ...
... axis formation. The hallmark of canonical Wnt signaling is the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus where it activates gene transcription. However, the mechanisms regulating β-catenin nuclear localization are poorly understood. We show that Simplet/ Fam53B (Smp) is required for Wnt signaling ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.