A Cellular Hypothesis for the Induction of Blossom
... (termed ‘black seeds’) may also occur when the necrotic region develops in the parenchyma tissue surrounding the young seeds and in the distal placenta (Fig. 2A; Estabrooks and Tiessen, 1972; Adams and Ho, 1992). Internal BER is considered to be either a milder form of the disorder or an earlier pha ...
... (termed ‘black seeds’) may also occur when the necrotic region develops in the parenchyma tissue surrounding the young seeds and in the distal placenta (Fig. 2A; Estabrooks and Tiessen, 1972; Adams and Ho, 1992). Internal BER is considered to be either a milder form of the disorder or an earlier pha ...
FGF1 inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via an
... stimuli: the addition of death factors (TNF, TGFb, Fas ligand), the absence of survival factors (fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), IGF-I, and neurotrophins), genotoxic stresses and activation of the oncosuppressor p53. Whatever the original death signal, most apoptotic pathways converge on activation ...
... stimuli: the addition of death factors (TNF, TGFb, Fas ligand), the absence of survival factors (fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), IGF-I, and neurotrophins), genotoxic stresses and activation of the oncosuppressor p53. Whatever the original death signal, most apoptotic pathways converge on activation ...
Robust mechanisms of ventral furrow invagination require the
... of RhoGEF2 and RhoA) are reasonably well understood, the other forces likely to be involved in furrow internalization are not. Importantly, it is not known which of the other changes in cell shape observed in wild-type ventral furrow formation ...
... of RhoGEF2 and RhoA) are reasonably well understood, the other forces likely to be involved in furrow internalization are not. Importantly, it is not known which of the other changes in cell shape observed in wild-type ventral furrow formation ...
biosynthesis of fatty acids - Academic Research Collections
... lipids and nucleic acids, grouped under a category called macromolecules, form the basic components that make life possible. In addition to these molecules there are micromolecules like hormones, vitamins and minerals that also play a vital role in the process of life. Among the macromolecules, prot ...
... lipids and nucleic acids, grouped under a category called macromolecules, form the basic components that make life possible. In addition to these molecules there are micromolecules like hormones, vitamins and minerals that also play a vital role in the process of life. Among the macromolecules, prot ...
Effect of Ca on H -ATPase activity of plasma membrane in
... indicating the relation between PM H -ATPase and its phosphorylation. In this study, it is found that, adding kinase inhibitor will completely eliminate the promotion of Ca2 (Table 4). Therefore, the promotion of PM H -ATPase activity is related to phosphorylation. In addition, in order to verify ...
... indicating the relation between PM H -ATPase and its phosphorylation. In this study, it is found that, adding kinase inhibitor will completely eliminate the promotion of Ca2 (Table 4). Therefore, the promotion of PM H -ATPase activity is related to phosphorylation. In addition, in order to verify ...
Comparative transcriptomics reveals key gene expression
... Mycobacterium bovis genome sequences revealed no unique genes in the bovine pathogen per se, indicating that differences in gene expression may play a significant role in host predilection. To define the key gene expression differences between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis we have performed transcrip ...
... Mycobacterium bovis genome sequences revealed no unique genes in the bovine pathogen per se, indicating that differences in gene expression may play a significant role in host predilection. To define the key gene expression differences between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis we have performed transcrip ...
Calcium homeostasis in plants
... Many aspects of Ca2+ homeostasis in plants are similar to those in animals and fungi (Poovaiah and Reddy, 1989), but an understanding of how Ca2+ transport and function are integrated from the level of the whole plant to the subcellular level remains elusive. At the whole-plant level, a constant sup ...
... Many aspects of Ca2+ homeostasis in plants are similar to those in animals and fungi (Poovaiah and Reddy, 1989), but an understanding of how Ca2+ transport and function are integrated from the level of the whole plant to the subcellular level remains elusive. At the whole-plant level, a constant sup ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
The Shwachman-Diamond SBDS protein localizes to the nucleolus
... protein expression was detectable in lysates from DF277 lymphoblasts (Figure 1D, lane 2). This patient was homozygous for mutations at the IVS2 ⫹ 2 T⬎C intron 2 splice donor site. A trace amount of SBDS protein could sometimes be discerned in some SDS cell lines wherein one affected allele bore the ...
... protein expression was detectable in lysates from DF277 lymphoblasts (Figure 1D, lane 2). This patient was homozygous for mutations at the IVS2 ⫹ 2 T⬎C intron 2 splice donor site. A trace amount of SBDS protein could sometimes be discerned in some SDS cell lines wherein one affected allele bore the ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes use different strategies to recruit mRNA (Fig. 2.4). In bacteria, the 30S subunit directly binds mRNA in the vicinity of the start codon. This process is mediated by the Shine–Dalgarno sequence, a unique feature of bacterial mRNAs that is located upstream of the st ...
... Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes use different strategies to recruit mRNA (Fig. 2.4). In bacteria, the 30S subunit directly binds mRNA in the vicinity of the start codon. This process is mediated by the Shine–Dalgarno sequence, a unique feature of bacterial mRNAs that is located upstream of the st ...
World Index of BioMolecular Visualization Resources
... variability; homology modelling; immunoglobulin; domains; color-coded multiple sequence alignment. This site contains extensive tutorials and lectures on antibody structure coupled with analyses of sequence variability in antibodies. The site also has a very nice set of Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheets ...
... variability; homology modelling; immunoglobulin; domains; color-coded multiple sequence alignment. This site contains extensive tutorials and lectures on antibody structure coupled with analyses of sequence variability in antibodies. The site also has a very nice set of Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheets ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... development, many of which are later eliminated, in what he called ‘‘process resorption’’ (Fig. 1; [12]). In this review, we provide an overview of some classical examples in developmental neuronal remodeling and use these examples to discuss various cellular and molecular pathways that have emerged ...
... development, many of which are later eliminated, in what he called ‘‘process resorption’’ (Fig. 1; [12]). In this review, we provide an overview of some classical examples in developmental neuronal remodeling and use these examples to discuss various cellular and molecular pathways that have emerged ...
Potassium starvation responses in yeast highlight novel potassium-related functions
... We also have related potassium to the homeostasis of other essential nutrients such as phosphate. Depletion of potassium from the medium or disturbance of normal potassium uptake induces genes involved in the acquisition and release of phosphate, as it is usually observed in a situation of phosphate ...
... We also have related potassium to the homeostasis of other essential nutrients such as phosphate. Depletion of potassium from the medium or disturbance of normal potassium uptake induces genes involved in the acquisition and release of phosphate, as it is usually observed in a situation of phosphate ...
University of Groningen Lactococcus lactis systems biology Eckhardt
... available prokaryotic and over 40 different eukaryotic genomes have been sequenced to completion, and many more are in progress 45. The first complete genome sequence of L. lactis IL1403 was published in 2001 46, after which in 2005 strain L. lactis MG1363 was added to the genome sequence library. B ...
... available prokaryotic and over 40 different eukaryotic genomes have been sequenced to completion, and many more are in progress 45. The first complete genome sequence of L. lactis IL1403 was published in 2001 46, after which in 2005 strain L. lactis MG1363 was added to the genome sequence library. B ...
Cooperation between the RING+B1-B2 and coiled-coil
... PML is a nuclear protein with a minor component of cytoplasmic localization, as revealed by cell fractionation and immuno¯uorescence studies (Koken et al., 1994; Flenghi et al., 1995 and our unpublished results). Several PML isoforms have been identi®ed which dier for their cellular localization. T ...
... PML is a nuclear protein with a minor component of cytoplasmic localization, as revealed by cell fractionation and immuno¯uorescence studies (Koken et al., 1994; Flenghi et al., 1995 and our unpublished results). Several PML isoforms have been identi®ed which dier for their cellular localization. T ...
Figure 17. Ptc1 expression in Tulp3 mutant limb buds
... proper formation of the limbs, central nervous system, and axial skeleton, amoung other tissues. Mutations affecting the function of this pathway during development have severe consequences to the developing embryo and can cause birth defects in humans. Inappropriate activation of the pathway in adu ...
... proper formation of the limbs, central nervous system, and axial skeleton, amoung other tissues. Mutations affecting the function of this pathway during development have severe consequences to the developing embryo and can cause birth defects in humans. Inappropriate activation of the pathway in adu ...
Table of Contents
... conductance creates a 'current shunt' for excitatory currents (Kuffler and Eyzaguirre, 1955). Specifically, the abundance of open chloride channels clamps the membrane voltage at the chloride equilibrium potential and 'shunts' further depolarization. In addition, the weak depolarization caused by ch ...
... conductance creates a 'current shunt' for excitatory currents (Kuffler and Eyzaguirre, 1955). Specifically, the abundance of open chloride channels clamps the membrane voltage at the chloride equilibrium potential and 'shunts' further depolarization. In addition, the weak depolarization caused by ch ...
VAAM-Jahrestagung 2015 1.–4. März in Marburg/Lahn
... VAAM_Tagungsband_2015_VAAM_Tagung 22.01.15 14:03 Seite 2 ...
... VAAM_Tagungsband_2015_VAAM_Tagung 22.01.15 14:03 Seite 2 ...
- WRAP: Warwick Research Archive Portal
... complexes in which one face of the octahedron (3 coordination sites) is occupied by 6 carbon atoms from an arene ring (η6-hapticity) or 5 C-atoms from a cyclopentadienyl ring (η5-hapticity). Release of these rings can therefore generate 3 coordination sites, although ring slippage is possible, which ...
... complexes in which one face of the octahedron (3 coordination sites) is occupied by 6 carbon atoms from an arene ring (η6-hapticity) or 5 C-atoms from a cyclopentadienyl ring (η5-hapticity). Release of these rings can therefore generate 3 coordination sites, although ring slippage is possible, which ...
Glycogen Earth organisms use three major forms of - Rose
... UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase also catalyzes a reversible reaction, the addition of UTP to the glucose-1-phosphate, with release of pyrophosphate. The reaction is driven physiologically by cleavage of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate by pyrophosphatase. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reactio ...
... UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase also catalyzes a reversible reaction, the addition of UTP to the glucose-1-phosphate, with release of pyrophosphate. The reaction is driven physiologically by cleavage of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate by pyrophosphatase. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reactio ...
Invulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to NMDA excitotoxicity
... receptors. These receptors are encoded by at least six gene families: a single family for AMPA receptors (GluR1, 2, 3, 4), two for kainate (GluR5, 6, 7 and KA1, 2), and three for NMDA (NR1, NR2A, B, C, D, and NR3A, B) (Dingledine et al., 1999). These subunits combine into multimeric complexes to for ...
... receptors. These receptors are encoded by at least six gene families: a single family for AMPA receptors (GluR1, 2, 3, 4), two for kainate (GluR5, 6, 7 and KA1, 2), and three for NMDA (NR1, NR2A, B, C, D, and NR3A, B) (Dingledine et al., 1999). These subunits combine into multimeric complexes to for ...
Characterization of a Bacillus anthracis spore coat
... 16 and 39, relative to the beginning of the ORF). At stage III, Cotb-GFP was dispersed throughout the mother cell cytoplasm. When about 90% of the cells in the culture had reached stage IV, when forespores dehydrate and become refractile, we detected caps or rings of fluorescence around the fore ...
... 16 and 39, relative to the beginning of the ORF). At stage III, Cotb-GFP was dispersed throughout the mother cell cytoplasm. When about 90% of the cells in the culture had reached stage IV, when forespores dehydrate and become refractile, we detected caps or rings of fluorescence around the fore ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... reward. Responses to visual cues differ when animals expect primary reinforcements, such as juice rewards, in comparison to secondary reinforcements, such as tones. The mechanism of this rewarddependent modulation has not been established experimentally. To assess the hypothesis that direct neuromod ...
... reward. Responses to visual cues differ when animals expect primary reinforcements, such as juice rewards, in comparison to secondary reinforcements, such as tones. The mechanism of this rewarddependent modulation has not been established experimentally. To assess the hypothesis that direct neuromod ...
Extreme sweetness: protein glycosylation in archaea
... on the planet. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has had an enormous impact on many areas of the biological sciences, but perhaps nowhere more so than in microbiology. At the same time, it has become clear that deciphering the genome sequence of a given microorganism cannot in itself explain ...
... on the planet. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has had an enormous impact on many areas of the biological sciences, but perhaps nowhere more so than in microbiology. At the same time, it has become clear that deciphering the genome sequence of a given microorganism cannot in itself explain ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.