Cell fate specification and polarisation in mouse preimplantation
... The primitive endoderm is an epithelium which arises from the inner cell mass during mammalian pre-implantation development. It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. When mES cells are grown in suspension they form aggregates of differ ...
... The primitive endoderm is an epithelium which arises from the inner cell mass during mammalian pre-implantation development. It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. When mES cells are grown in suspension they form aggregates of differ ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... Abstract. We review the crucial role of the two neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and GABA in eliciting GnRH pulses. NE acts via an al-receptor mechanism and also GABA acts at the a-subtype of the GABA receptor. The function of NE appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons and ...
... Abstract. We review the crucial role of the two neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and GABA in eliciting GnRH pulses. NE acts via an al-receptor mechanism and also GABA acts at the a-subtype of the GABA receptor. The function of NE appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons and ...
the uptake of valine and cytidine by sea
... cell division. A longer-term experiment with valine showed that the uptake rate remained approximately constant until the pluteus stage, and was not altered for the first l o h by a actinomycin D. Continuous labelling experiments indicated that the uptake rate may be controlled by the level of precu ...
... cell division. A longer-term experiment with valine showed that the uptake rate remained approximately constant until the pluteus stage, and was not altered for the first l o h by a actinomycin D. Continuous labelling experiments indicated that the uptake rate may be controlled by the level of precu ...
Retinoblastoma Protein Contains a C-terminal - Bio
... cyclin-cdk2 complexes. This model is supported by analysis of the cyclin A-cdk2-p27 crystal structure (79). We previously showed that a peptide replica of the abovementioned motif, derived from E2F1, blocked the phosphorylation of pRB by cyclin A-associated kinase activity (2). pRB, unlike E2F1 and ...
... cyclin-cdk2 complexes. This model is supported by analysis of the cyclin A-cdk2-p27 crystal structure (79). We previously showed that a peptide replica of the abovementioned motif, derived from E2F1, blocked the phosphorylation of pRB by cyclin A-associated kinase activity (2). pRB, unlike E2F1 and ...
Quantitative analysis of changes in spatial distribution and plus
... microtubules: their numbers drop precipitously and the number of horned microtubule plus ends increases to ~80% (Fig. 3D, Fig. 4C). Another interesting finding is that, during all phragmoplast stages except the transitional stage (when 80% of the microtubules are disassembling), the proportion of mi ...
... microtubules: their numbers drop precipitously and the number of horned microtubule plus ends increases to ~80% (Fig. 3D, Fig. 4C). Another interesting finding is that, during all phragmoplast stages except the transitional stage (when 80% of the microtubules are disassembling), the proportion of mi ...
Regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis C virus
... viruses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate virus sensing from within endosomal compartments to signal innate defenses, whereas Nod-like receptors serve to sense cytosolic viral products or viral metabolites to drive inflammatory responses. Activation of these PRRs drives the innate antiviral and pr ...
... viruses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate virus sensing from within endosomal compartments to signal innate defenses, whereas Nod-like receptors serve to sense cytosolic viral products or viral metabolites to drive inflammatory responses. Activation of these PRRs drives the innate antiviral and pr ...
Elevated Level of Nuclear Protein Kinase C in
... difference in 32Pincorporated into histone in the presence and absence of added phospholipids and calcium and was expressed as '2P incorporated/min/mg protein. Colorimetrie MTT Test for Cytotoxicity to Adriamycin. MCF-7 cells were seeded in 24-well plates (Costar, Cambridge, MA) at a density of appr ...
... difference in 32Pincorporated into histone in the presence and absence of added phospholipids and calcium and was expressed as '2P incorporated/min/mg protein. Colorimetrie MTT Test for Cytotoxicity to Adriamycin. MCF-7 cells were seeded in 24-well plates (Costar, Cambridge, MA) at a density of appr ...
Slide 1
... Mutant B-catenin translocated into nucleus (w/out need of TGF-B1) Mutant B-catenin induced profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
... Mutant B-catenin translocated into nucleus (w/out need of TGF-B1) Mutant B-catenin induced profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
The Metamorphosis of the Aleurone Protein Storage Vacuole
... GA-treated cells is likely to form from the coalescence of smaller protein storage vacuoles (Jones and Price, 1970). Several pieces of evidence from electron microscopy studies support this idea. First, protein storage vacuoles are not separate organelles, but are linked by tonoplast connections (Jo ...
... GA-treated cells is likely to form from the coalescence of smaller protein storage vacuoles (Jones and Price, 1970). Several pieces of evidence from electron microscopy studies support this idea. First, protein storage vacuoles are not separate organelles, but are linked by tonoplast connections (Jo ...
Document
... You become aware of the pain but only have a general idea of the area affected Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... You become aware of the pain but only have a general idea of the area affected Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Bacillus anthracis produces membrane-derived vesicles containing biologically active toxins
... (LeTx) is a zinc metalloprotease that cleaves cellular mitogen19002–19007 | PNAS | November 2, 2010 | vol. 107 | no. 44 ...
... (LeTx) is a zinc metalloprotease that cleaves cellular mitogen19002–19007 | PNAS | November 2, 2010 | vol. 107 | no. 44 ...
Distinct C-terminal Amino Acid Sequence Motifs Serve
... 3.11. The C terminus of OEP6 functions as an N-terminal TP................................................................ 76 3.12. The CTS of OEP6 is interchangeable with the CTS of OEP9 and Toc34, but not with the CTS of TA OEPs that lack an R/K and S/T enriched motif.............................. ...
... 3.11. The C terminus of OEP6 functions as an N-terminal TP................................................................ 76 3.12. The CTS of OEP6 is interchangeable with the CTS of OEP9 and Toc34, but not with the CTS of TA OEPs that lack an R/K and S/T enriched motif.............................. ...
1337 Biochemical properties of plasminogen activator inhibitor
... serpins, such as PAI-2 (SERPINB2; also known as the placental inhibitor), PAI-3 (SERPINA5; also known as activated protein C inhibitor), PN-1 and neuroserpin (SERPINI1) can inhibit uPA and tPA in vitro but generally not as fast as PAI-1 (see Table 1). Human PAI-1 has either 379 or 381 amino acids, w ...
... serpins, such as PAI-2 (SERPINB2; also known as the placental inhibitor), PAI-3 (SERPINA5; also known as activated protein C inhibitor), PN-1 and neuroserpin (SERPINI1) can inhibit uPA and tPA in vitro but generally not as fast as PAI-1 (see Table 1). Human PAI-1 has either 379 or 381 amino acids, w ...
Functional Domains within Fusion Proteins: Prospectives for
... The entry of enveloped viruses into host cells is accomplished by fusion of the viral envelope and target plasma membrane and is mediated by fusion proteins. Recently, several functional domains within fusion proteins from different viral families were identified. Some are directly involved in confo ...
... The entry of enveloped viruses into host cells is accomplished by fusion of the viral envelope and target plasma membrane and is mediated by fusion proteins. Recently, several functional domains within fusion proteins from different viral families were identified. Some are directly involved in confo ...
The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self
... plants has attempted to characterize the effect that signalling stimuli have on actin dynamics or, more speci®cally, the state of actin polymerization. Tip growing cells provide a good system whereby the signals responsible for mediating changes to the actin cytoskeleton may be studied. In plants, p ...
... plants has attempted to characterize the effect that signalling stimuli have on actin dynamics or, more speci®cally, the state of actin polymerization. Tip growing cells provide a good system whereby the signals responsible for mediating changes to the actin cytoskeleton may be studied. In plants, p ...
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous
... You become aware of the pain but only have a general idea of the area affected Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... You become aware of the pain but only have a general idea of the area affected Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Leveau2008 - Johan Leveau
... Necrotrophic fungal mycoparasites such as Trichoderma spp. secrete a wide variety of cell wall degrading exoenzymes, such as chitinases, which play an important role in necrotrophic growth (Viterbo et al., 2002; Benitez et al., 2004). However, although chitinolysis is a common trait in bacteria that ...
... Necrotrophic fungal mycoparasites such as Trichoderma spp. secrete a wide variety of cell wall degrading exoenzymes, such as chitinases, which play an important role in necrotrophic growth (Viterbo et al., 2002; Benitez et al., 2004). However, although chitinolysis is a common trait in bacteria that ...
Possible Involvement of Hydrosulfide in B12
... 3. The New Field of Sulfane Sulfur/Hydrogen Sulfide 3. The New Field of Sulfane Sulfur/Hydrogen Sulfide Sulfane sulfur (S°) and its 2-electron reduction product, hydrogen sulfide, have received a lot of Sulfane sulfur (S◦ ) and its 2-electron reduction product, hydrogen sulfide, have received a lot ...
... 3. The New Field of Sulfane Sulfur/Hydrogen Sulfide 3. The New Field of Sulfane Sulfur/Hydrogen Sulfide Sulfane sulfur (S°) and its 2-electron reduction product, hydrogen sulfide, have received a lot of Sulfane sulfur (S◦ ) and its 2-electron reduction product, hydrogen sulfide, have received a lot ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... Mycetozoa and fungi; D for plants; and E for Protista. Annexins have diverged significantly, despite their gross structural similarity, in terms of their gene regulation, tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular localization of different isoforms, and features peculiar to individual subfamil ...
... Mycetozoa and fungi; D for plants; and E for Protista. Annexins have diverged significantly, despite their gross structural similarity, in terms of their gene regulation, tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular localization of different isoforms, and features peculiar to individual subfamil ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... solution. We used the following electrophysiological criteria to identify TM neurons. They exhibit a regular, spontaneous firing rate (typically 2 – 6 Hz) and no burst firing at a resting membrane potential of approximately -50 mV, a broad action potential with a Ca2+ shoulder, and a long after-hype ...
... solution. We used the following electrophysiological criteria to identify TM neurons. They exhibit a regular, spontaneous firing rate (typically 2 – 6 Hz) and no burst firing at a resting membrane potential of approximately -50 mV, a broad action potential with a Ca2+ shoulder, and a long after-hype ...
Dopamine: the rewarding years
... adenylyl cyclase activity by dopamine (Kebabian et al., 1972). A little later Philip Seeman began to search for the brain’s antipsychotic receptor and identified a site that could be labelled by both dopamine and haloperidol and the binding of both was inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of unlabe ...
... adenylyl cyclase activity by dopamine (Kebabian et al., 1972). A little later Philip Seeman began to search for the brain’s antipsychotic receptor and identified a site that could be labelled by both dopamine and haloperidol and the binding of both was inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of unlabe ...
THE ROLE OF NODAL SIGNALING IN PATTERNING THE
... The β-catenin pathway The Wnts are a secreted family of glycoproteins which signal through a receptor of the Frizzled class of seven transmembrane domain receptor (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). Signaling by Wnt proteins through the Frizzled receptor causes the cytoplasmic protein Dishevelled (Dsh) to inh ...
... The β-catenin pathway The Wnts are a secreted family of glycoproteins which signal through a receptor of the Frizzled class of seven transmembrane domain receptor (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). Signaling by Wnt proteins through the Frizzled receptor causes the cytoplasmic protein Dishevelled (Dsh) to inh ...
Cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complex - AJP
... attempt to characterize the sites with regard to the probability that they may influence function based on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms within the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Since this exciting field is moving very quickly, we apologize in advance for any literature omissi ...
... attempt to characterize the sites with regard to the probability that they may influence function based on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms within the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Since this exciting field is moving very quickly, we apologize in advance for any literature omissi ...
Plasticity in Cell Division Patterns and Auxin
... Bassuner et al., 2007), indicates that ordered cell divisions are not required for embryo patterning and functionality. Here, we used the in vitro Brassica napus microspore embryogenesis system to understand how nonregular patterns of cell division influence the formation of a functional embryo. In t ...
... Bassuner et al., 2007), indicates that ordered cell divisions are not required for embryo patterning and functionality. Here, we used the in vitro Brassica napus microspore embryogenesis system to understand how nonregular patterns of cell division influence the formation of a functional embryo. In t ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.