Mitochondria Buffer Physiological Calcium
... In rat sensoryneurons, mitochondria appearto play a prominent role in shaping[Ca2+],transients(Thayer and Miller, 1990). Studies with isolated mitochondria indicate that they have a tremendous capacity to sequesterCa*+. Ca*+ uptake by mitochondria must be consideredin the context ofthe chemiosmotic ...
... In rat sensoryneurons, mitochondria appearto play a prominent role in shaping[Ca2+],transients(Thayer and Miller, 1990). Studies with isolated mitochondria indicate that they have a tremendous capacity to sequesterCa*+. Ca*+ uptake by mitochondria must be consideredin the context ofthe chemiosmotic ...
Investigating the role of papain-like cysteine protease RD21 in plant
... 1.1. Classification and structure of papain-like cysteine proteases Proteases are grouped into families and clans in the MEROPS database based on structural and evolutionary criteria (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/, Rawlings et al., 2008). To date, 70 families belonging to 12 different clans are cystei ...
... 1.1. Classification and structure of papain-like cysteine proteases Proteases are grouped into families and clans in the MEROPS database based on structural and evolutionary criteria (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/, Rawlings et al., 2008). To date, 70 families belonging to 12 different clans are cystei ...
EGFR/Ras Signaling Controls Drosophila Intestinal Stem
... pathway [18,19]. While this may have relevance in some human cancers it is clearly not the case in normal Drosophila cells, and so other mechanisms should be sought and characterized. One potentially important downstream effector of EGFR signaling is the HMGbox transcriptional repressor Capicua (Cic ...
... pathway [18,19]. While this may have relevance in some human cancers it is clearly not the case in normal Drosophila cells, and so other mechanisms should be sought and characterized. One potentially important downstream effector of EGFR signaling is the HMGbox transcriptional repressor Capicua (Cic ...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate NOX 4 anion superoxide
... the role of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in the regulation of many biological processes, although their detailed involvement has not yet been fully defined. They are able to produce O2 䊉− , which, more and more, seems implicated in cell signal transduction and communications [5]. For instance, NOXs ...
... the role of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in the regulation of many biological processes, although their detailed involvement has not yet been fully defined. They are able to produce O2 䊉− , which, more and more, seems implicated in cell signal transduction and communications [5]. For instance, NOXs ...
Catalytic mechanism of nucleoside diphosphate kinase investigated
... ABSTRACT: Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases display low specificity with respect to the base moiety of the nucleotides and to the 2′-position of the ribose, but the 3′-hydroxyl is found to be important for catalysis. We report in this paper the enzymatic analysis of a series of derivatives of thy ...
... ABSTRACT: Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases display low specificity with respect to the base moiety of the nucleotides and to the 2′-position of the ribose, but the 3′-hydroxyl is found to be important for catalysis. We report in this paper the enzymatic analysis of a series of derivatives of thy ...
The phosphopantetheinyl transferases
... Sfp expresses well in E. coli and other heterologous hosts and shows highly permissive catalytic activity towards CPs using not only CoA but CoA-like substrates. These properties now afforded many labs with the ability to delve deeply into the biosynthesis of many natural products. Until recently, Sf ...
... Sfp expresses well in E. coli and other heterologous hosts and shows highly permissive catalytic activity towards CPs using not only CoA but CoA-like substrates. These properties now afforded many labs with the ability to delve deeply into the biosynthesis of many natural products. Until recently, Sf ...
Unravelling Insulin Resistance
... KinaseIn biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed phosphorylation. An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from targets is known as a phosphatase. ...
... KinaseIn biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed phosphorylation. An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from targets is known as a phosphatase. ...
Targeted transposition of the Sleeping Beauty - diss.fu
... (http://www.wiley.co.uk/genmed/clinical/). Adenoviruses can transfect dividing as well as undividing cells, however their genetic cargo is generally not integrated into the genome. Therefore transgene expression is only transient, making it necessary to readminister the vector in dividing cells. Mos ...
... (http://www.wiley.co.uk/genmed/clinical/). Adenoviruses can transfect dividing as well as undividing cells, however their genetic cargo is generally not integrated into the genome. Therefore transgene expression is only transient, making it necessary to readminister the vector in dividing cells. Mos ...
Clostridium and Bacillus Binary Enterotoxins
... Ib heptamers generated in solution do not induce K+ release and are readily digested by pronase after binding to Vero (African Green Monkey kidney) cells at 37 °C, unlike Ib heptamers that form on the cell surface [49]. Like C2II, Vero cell-bound Ibp is not subsequently activated over time or after ...
... Ib heptamers generated in solution do not induce K+ release and are readily digested by pronase after binding to Vero (African Green Monkey kidney) cells at 37 °C, unlike Ib heptamers that form on the cell surface [49]. Like C2II, Vero cell-bound Ibp is not subsequently activated over time or after ...
Full Text - J
... therapy for Parkinson’s disease is its cardiovascular side effects including hypotension and syncope, the underlying mechanisms of which are largely unknown. We proposed that DOPA is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, but specific receptors for DOPA had not been identified. Recently, ...
... therapy for Parkinson’s disease is its cardiovascular side effects including hypotension and syncope, the underlying mechanisms of which are largely unknown. We proposed that DOPA is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, but specific receptors for DOPA had not been identified. Recently, ...
Increased Levels of LPS-Binding Protein in Bovine - PubAg
... (Carroll et al., 1964; Schalm et al., 1964, 1979; Jackson and Bramley, 1983; Ziv, 1992) and gram-negative infection (Brandtzaeg et al., 1989) is mediated, in part, by LPS. Further, several of the proinflammatory cytokines that mediate the localized and/or systemic response to gram-negative mastitis, ...
... (Carroll et al., 1964; Schalm et al., 1964, 1979; Jackson and Bramley, 1983; Ziv, 1992) and gram-negative infection (Brandtzaeg et al., 1989) is mediated, in part, by LPS. Further, several of the proinflammatory cytokines that mediate the localized and/or systemic response to gram-negative mastitis, ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... HMG-CoA reductase • HMG-CoA reductase is an integral membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum • Primary site for regulating cholesterol synthesis • Cholesterol-lowering statin drugs (e.g. Lovastatin) inhibit HMG-CoA reductase ...
... HMG-CoA reductase • HMG-CoA reductase is an integral membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum • Primary site for regulating cholesterol synthesis • Cholesterol-lowering statin drugs (e.g. Lovastatin) inhibit HMG-CoA reductase ...
Assembly of RecA-like Recombinases
... A recent study has also shown that another recombination accessory factor, Tid1 (also known as Rdh54), is required to coordinate the assembly of Dmc1 foci at sites of Rad51 foci (30). Tid1 can bind directly to both Rad51 and Dmc1 (24), raising the possibility that it serves as an intermolecular brid ...
... A recent study has also shown that another recombination accessory factor, Tid1 (also known as Rdh54), is required to coordinate the assembly of Dmc1 foci at sites of Rad51 foci (30). Tid1 can bind directly to both Rad51 and Dmc1 (24), raising the possibility that it serves as an intermolecular brid ...
IDETIFYIG GEES THAT REGULATE SECODARY GROWTH I POPLAR
... are responsible for vertical growth, in which many key players have been well studied. Lateral (secondary) growth is controlled by the vascular and cork cambiums, which are much less understood. A rapid growth of interest in a new model angiosperm tree, poplar, has facilitated the study of the two c ...
... are responsible for vertical growth, in which many key players have been well studied. Lateral (secondary) growth is controlled by the vascular and cork cambiums, which are much less understood. A rapid growth of interest in a new model angiosperm tree, poplar, has facilitated the study of the two c ...
Recombinant Cellulase and Cellulosome Systems
... Since the 1990s, numerous cellulases from various bacterial and fungal sources were cloned and expressed in S. cerevisiae, and those have been reviewed elsewhere [8, 9]. Over the last thirteen years, a few studies representing significant progress towards the production of a cellulose-fermenting yea ...
... Since the 1990s, numerous cellulases from various bacterial and fungal sources were cloned and expressed in S. cerevisiae, and those have been reviewed elsewhere [8, 9]. Over the last thirteen years, a few studies representing significant progress towards the production of a cellulose-fermenting yea ...
Gene Section SOX10 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10)
... protein family. All 20 human members of this protein family possess a high-mobility-group (HMG) domain with three alpha-helical regions and close similarity to the one found in the male sex determining factor SRY. SOX10 functions as transcription factor and structural protein in chromatin. SOX9 and ...
... protein family. All 20 human members of this protein family possess a high-mobility-group (HMG) domain with three alpha-helical regions and close similarity to the one found in the male sex determining factor SRY. SOX10 functions as transcription factor and structural protein in chromatin. SOX9 and ...
Practical Aspects of Estimating Energy Components in
... cdk1 phosphorylates p62 in vitro and in vivo at T269 and S272, which is necessary for the maintenance of appropriate cyclin B1 levels and the levels of cdk1 activity necessary to allow cells to properly enter and exit mitosis. ...
... cdk1 phosphorylates p62 in vitro and in vivo at T269 and S272, which is necessary for the maintenance of appropriate cyclin B1 levels and the levels of cdk1 activity necessary to allow cells to properly enter and exit mitosis. ...
Gene Section GAST (gastrin) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... transcription factors via a PKC, Ras, Raf, RhoA, and the NFkappaB signaling pathways in CCK2 receptorexpressing cells by gastrin. The CRE and AP-1 transcription factors, in turn, regulate expression of the genes for IL-8 and COX2. IL-8 acts through a GACAGA site via the activating signal cointegrato ...
... transcription factors via a PKC, Ras, Raf, RhoA, and the NFkappaB signaling pathways in CCK2 receptorexpressing cells by gastrin. The CRE and AP-1 transcription factors, in turn, regulate expression of the genes for IL-8 and COX2. IL-8 acts through a GACAGA site via the activating signal cointegrato ...
Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in neurodegenerative and
... 2015). Interestingly, many of the stimuli that induce autophagy are stress responses. For example, mTORC1 activity is inhibited by amino acid starvation (Chen et al., 2014), the levels of PI5P are induced by glucose starvation (Vicinanza et al., 2015), and AMPK (a key sensor of ATP levels in the cel ...
... 2015). Interestingly, many of the stimuli that induce autophagy are stress responses. For example, mTORC1 activity is inhibited by amino acid starvation (Chen et al., 2014), the levels of PI5P are induced by glucose starvation (Vicinanza et al., 2015), and AMPK (a key sensor of ATP levels in the cel ...
Noise and Coupling Affect Signal Detection and Bursting in a
... demonstrating the presence or utility of AESR or CR in physiological neural systems is lacking. Although several different mathematical neural models have been used to investigate AESR and CR, even simultaneously (Lindner and Schimansky-Geier 1999, 2000), there has been little correlation of the eff ...
... demonstrating the presence or utility of AESR or CR in physiological neural systems is lacking. Although several different mathematical neural models have been used to investigate AESR and CR, even simultaneously (Lindner and Schimansky-Geier 1999, 2000), there has been little correlation of the eff ...
Actin Interacting Protein1 and Actin Depolymerizing
... budding yeast, severing-defective cofilin alleles are less sensitive to latrunculin A–mediated disassembly of actin patches (Lappalainen and Drubin, 1997), demonstrating that cofilin’s severing activity is necessary for the turnover of these structures. ADF/ cofilin proteins are also required for ge ...
... budding yeast, severing-defective cofilin alleles are less sensitive to latrunculin A–mediated disassembly of actin patches (Lappalainen and Drubin, 1997), demonstrating that cofilin’s severing activity is necessary for the turnover of these structures. ADF/ cofilin proteins are also required for ge ...
Autoregulation of Actin Synthesis by Physiological
... Modulation of osmotic effects by C2 toxin and phalloidin After primary culture for 18h, hepatocytes were incubated with normotonic or hypotonic medium with or without phalloidin or C2 toxin, respectively. Under normotonic conditions, phalloidin dramatically decreased cellular G-actin by 70% after in ...
... Modulation of osmotic effects by C2 toxin and phalloidin After primary culture for 18h, hepatocytes were incubated with normotonic or hypotonic medium with or without phalloidin or C2 toxin, respectively. Under normotonic conditions, phalloidin dramatically decreased cellular G-actin by 70% after in ...
Cell fate specification and polarisation in mouse preimplantation
... The primitive endoderm is an epithelium which arises from the inner cell mass during mammalian pre-implantation development. It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. When mES cells are grown in suspension they form aggregates of differ ...
... The primitive endoderm is an epithelium which arises from the inner cell mass during mammalian pre-implantation development. It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. When mES cells are grown in suspension they form aggregates of differ ...
Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
Endosperm Origin, Development, and Function
... vacuole until the endosperm becomes entirely cellular. This pattern is typical of the seeds of cereals such as maize, barley, and rice. In the cellular type of endosperm development, mitosis and cytokinesis occur after the first division of the primary endosperm nucleus and persist throughout the de ...
... vacuole until the endosperm becomes entirely cellular. This pattern is typical of the seeds of cereals such as maize, barley, and rice. In the cellular type of endosperm development, mitosis and cytokinesis occur after the first division of the primary endosperm nucleus and persist throughout the de ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.