Characterising Non-Structural Protein NS4 of African Horse Sickness Virus
... and three non-structural proteins (NS1—NS3/NS3A) with other functions during viral replication [9]. The structure of the AHSV virion is very similar to that of BTV; virions are triple-layered icosahedrally symmetric particles. Major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 comprise the outermost capsid layer ...
... and three non-structural proteins (NS1—NS3/NS3A) with other functions during viral replication [9]. The structure of the AHSV virion is very similar to that of BTV; virions are triple-layered icosahedrally symmetric particles. Major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 comprise the outermost capsid layer ...
Autophagy and pancreatitis
... impaired autophagy leads to cell pathology. For example, a major consequence of impaired autophagy is accumulation of damaged (e.g., uncoupled) mitochondria (26, 113). In particular, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization caused by various stressors results in ATP decrease, overproduction of reacti ...
... impaired autophagy leads to cell pathology. For example, a major consequence of impaired autophagy is accumulation of damaged (e.g., uncoupled) mitochondria (26, 113). In particular, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization caused by various stressors results in ATP decrease, overproduction of reacti ...
Physiological assembly and activity of human
... Feigon, 2006). Some of the non-template structures contribute to TERT binding and catalytic activity, while others are important for stability and regulation (Fig. 1A). TERT provides the active site for magnesium-catalyzed nucleotide addition (Autexier and Lue, 2006). The central TERT polymerase dom ...
... Feigon, 2006). Some of the non-template structures contribute to TERT binding and catalytic activity, while others are important for stability and regulation (Fig. 1A). TERT provides the active site for magnesium-catalyzed nucleotide addition (Autexier and Lue, 2006). The central TERT polymerase dom ...
Manipulation of Epitope Function by Modification of Peptide
... epitope recognised by the protein specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 996) within the PTTTP ITTTTTVTPTPTPTGTQT tandem repeat unit of MUC2 glycoprotein is the 19TGTQ22 sequence. However, for optimal binding the 16PTPTGTQ22 sequence is required.5 We have studied the influence of -amino acid substitutio ...
... epitope recognised by the protein specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 996) within the PTTTP ITTTTTVTPTPTPTGTQT tandem repeat unit of MUC2 glycoprotein is the 19TGTQ22 sequence. However, for optimal binding the 16PTPTGTQ22 sequence is required.5 We have studied the influence of -amino acid substitutio ...
Anti-CCP antibodies: the past, the present and the future
... The immune response to citrullinated proteins Citrullination is a normal physiological process that occurs inside many dying cells of the body (Box 1, Figure 2). It is, therefore, important to realize that the immune system normally does not encounter citrul linated proteins. Soon after the change ...
... The immune response to citrullinated proteins Citrullination is a normal physiological process that occurs inside many dying cells of the body (Box 1, Figure 2). It is, therefore, important to realize that the immune system normally does not encounter citrul linated proteins. Soon after the change ...
The Structure of the PanD/PanZ Protein Complex
... key enzymes (Farrar et al., 2010), or metabolite-binding riboswitches (Winkler and Breaker, 2005). The pathway from pantothenate onward to CoA is regulated by feedback inhibition of pantothenate kinase (Rock et al., 2003; Yun et al., 2000) in all organisms, including bacteria, but no evidence for re ...
... key enzymes (Farrar et al., 2010), or metabolite-binding riboswitches (Winkler and Breaker, 2005). The pathway from pantothenate onward to CoA is regulated by feedback inhibition of pantothenate kinase (Rock et al., 2003; Yun et al., 2000) in all organisms, including bacteria, but no evidence for re ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... receptors, catecholamine receptors, all serotonin receptors except for 5-HT3 , muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and histamine receptors also act through second messenger systems and can be classified as metabotropic receptors due to their activation of G proteins and a variety of intracellular si ...
... receptors, catecholamine receptors, all serotonin receptors except for 5-HT3 , muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and histamine receptors also act through second messenger systems and can be classified as metabotropic receptors due to their activation of G proteins and a variety of intracellular si ...
Full text (external site)
... development of the embryo requires elaboration. Embryonic development forms the basis for all tissue and it appears wise that the study of adult skeletal muscle growth would begin with a focus in this area. There is no other tissue in the human body that is more responsive to changes than skeletal m ...
... development of the embryo requires elaboration. Embryonic development forms the basis for all tissue and it appears wise that the study of adult skeletal muscle growth would begin with a focus in this area. There is no other tissue in the human body that is more responsive to changes than skeletal m ...
Proliferation and morphogenesis of the ER driven by the membrane
... than the OSER-inducing HMGR construct mediate the tight apposition of the proliferating ...
... than the OSER-inducing HMGR construct mediate the tight apposition of the proliferating ...
Ageing and the aggregating proteoglycans of
... proteolytic activity capable of degrading proteoglycans. Similar enzymes are produced by a variety of connective tissue cells from many species [78]. Such proteoglycan-degrading enzymes have broad pH profiles, being optimally active around neutrality, and require Ca2+for activity. They are produced ...
... proteolytic activity capable of degrading proteoglycans. Similar enzymes are produced by a variety of connective tissue cells from many species [78]. Such proteoglycan-degrading enzymes have broad pH profiles, being optimally active around neutrality, and require Ca2+for activity. They are produced ...
Differential Excitability Modulation of Striatal Medium Neuron
... spines in D2 receptor-expressing striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (D2 MSNs). How the intrinsic properties of MSN dendrites, where the vast majority of DA receptors are found, contribute to this adaptation is not clear. To address this question, two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) was pe ...
... spines in D2 receptor-expressing striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (D2 MSNs). How the intrinsic properties of MSN dendrites, where the vast majority of DA receptors are found, contribute to this adaptation is not clear. To address this question, two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) was pe ...
Prox1 and fibroblast growth factor receptors form a
... Tissue morphogenesis requires cell-cell communication, often mediated by growth factors, that reprograms cellular phenotypes. This response is fine-tuned by regulation of growth factor receptor expression, allowing cells to respond to, or ignore, specific stimuli (Cross and Dexter, 1991; Scata et al ...
... Tissue morphogenesis requires cell-cell communication, often mediated by growth factors, that reprograms cellular phenotypes. This response is fine-tuned by regulation of growth factor receptor expression, allowing cells to respond to, or ignore, specific stimuli (Cross and Dexter, 1991; Scata et al ...
PDF
... stretching, which we call ‘morphogenetic hot spots’ (Morishita and Suzuki, 2014). Such morphogenetic hot spots must exist in order to generate organ-specific shapes, as otherwise only isotropically expanded, ball-like structures would form. Once these hot spots are identified, inter-hierarchical rel ...
... stretching, which we call ‘morphogenetic hot spots’ (Morishita and Suzuki, 2014). Such morphogenetic hot spots must exist in order to generate organ-specific shapes, as otherwise only isotropically expanded, ball-like structures would form. Once these hot spots are identified, inter-hierarchical rel ...
Inositol trisphosphate and calcium oscillations
... It is proposed that the analogue detector is the Ca2+ entry process that responds to changes in agonist concentration by varying the amount of Ca2+ entering the cell. The digital converter is the InsP3 receptor that is sensitive to the level of Ca2+ within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The ...
... It is proposed that the analogue detector is the Ca2+ entry process that responds to changes in agonist concentration by varying the amount of Ca2+ entering the cell. The digital converter is the InsP3 receptor that is sensitive to the level of Ca2+ within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The ...
as a PDF
... physrev.00017.2003.—Mammals control the volume and osmolality of their body fluids from stimuli that arise from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. These stimuli are sensed by two kinds of receptors: osmoreceptor-Na⫹ receptors and volume or pressure receptors. This informati ...
... physrev.00017.2003.—Mammals control the volume and osmolality of their body fluids from stimuli that arise from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. These stimuli are sensed by two kinds of receptors: osmoreceptor-Na⫹ receptors and volume or pressure receptors. This informati ...
Fear-of-intimacy mediated zinc transport controls the
... zinc transporter of the ZIP family, which contains an N-terminal signal sequence, six transmembrane domains and a HELP domain (Fig. 1F). While foi participates in gonad formation, tracheal branch fusion and glial cell migration (Mathews et al., 2006; Pielage et al., 2004; Van Doren et al., 2003), it ...
... zinc transporter of the ZIP family, which contains an N-terminal signal sequence, six transmembrane domains and a HELP domain (Fig. 1F). While foi participates in gonad formation, tracheal branch fusion and glial cell migration (Mathews et al., 2006; Pielage et al., 2004; Van Doren et al., 2003), it ...
Regulators of Ubiquitin Dependent Protein Degradation in the
... Ubiquitin dependent protein degradation is a central mechanism regulating multiple functions in cells. Ubiquitination of target proteins requires an enzyme cascade including ubiquitin ligases (E3s). One group of E3s contains cullins as the core component. Activity of these cullin containing E3s is m ...
... Ubiquitin dependent protein degradation is a central mechanism regulating multiple functions in cells. Ubiquitination of target proteins requires an enzyme cascade including ubiquitin ligases (E3s). One group of E3s contains cullins as the core component. Activity of these cullin containing E3s is m ...
Plant Biochemistry
... Vacuoles have multiple functions 9 Plastids have evolved from cyanobacteria 10 Mitochondria also result from endosymbionts 15 Peroxisomes are the site of reactions in which toxic intermediates are formed 16 The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus form a network for the distribution of biosynth ...
... Vacuoles have multiple functions 9 Plastids have evolved from cyanobacteria 10 Mitochondria also result from endosymbionts 15 Peroxisomes are the site of reactions in which toxic intermediates are formed 16 The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus form a network for the distribution of biosynth ...
Active Transport of the Survival Motor Neuron Protein and
... Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deletion and/or mutation of the survival motor neuron protein Gene (SMN1) that results in the expression of a truncated protein lacking the C terminal exon-7. Whereas SMN has been shown to be an important component of diverse rib ...
... Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deletion and/or mutation of the survival motor neuron protein Gene (SMN1) that results in the expression of a truncated protein lacking the C terminal exon-7. Whereas SMN has been shown to be an important component of diverse rib ...
H. Heldt
... Vacuoles have multiple functions 9 Plastids have evolved from cyanobacteria 10 Mitochondria also result from endosymbionts 15 Peroxisomes are the site of reactions in which toxic intermediates are formed 16 The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus form a network for the distribution of biosynth ...
... Vacuoles have multiple functions 9 Plastids have evolved from cyanobacteria 10 Mitochondria also result from endosymbionts 15 Peroxisomes are the site of reactions in which toxic intermediates are formed 16 The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus form a network for the distribution of biosynth ...
Rapamycin increases mitochondrial efficiency by mtDNA
... OXPHOS. Levels of ROS are tightly regulated as ROS serve as a secondary messenger to ...
... OXPHOS. Levels of ROS are tightly regulated as ROS serve as a secondary messenger to ...
Document
... replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and ...
... replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and ...
Jasmonic Acid Enhances Al-Induced Root Growth
... stress is not yet known. In an attempt to elucidate the role of JA, we found that exogenous application of JA enhanced the Al-induced root growth inhibition. Furthermore, phenotype analysis with mutants defective in either JA biosynthesis or signaling suggests that JA is involved in the regulation o ...
... stress is not yet known. In an attempt to elucidate the role of JA, we found that exogenous application of JA enhanced the Al-induced root growth inhibition. Furthermore, phenotype analysis with mutants defective in either JA biosynthesis or signaling suggests that JA is involved in the regulation o ...
DNA damage and decisions: CtIP coordinates DNA repair and cell
... CDK-dependent phosphorylation, which promotes its binding to the tumor suppressor protein BRCA1 and the Mre11–Rad50–NBS1 (MRN) complex [9–11]. CtIP undergoes additional phosphorylation by the checkpoint protein kinase ATM in response to DSB damage [12]. Although the underlying mechanism remains cont ...
... CDK-dependent phosphorylation, which promotes its binding to the tumor suppressor protein BRCA1 and the Mre11–Rad50–NBS1 (MRN) complex [9–11]. CtIP undergoes additional phosphorylation by the checkpoint protein kinase ATM in response to DSB damage [12]. Although the underlying mechanism remains cont ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.