Hox Genes and Segmentation of the Hindbrain and Axial Skeleton
... The mammalian Hox cluster. (a) Depiction of a segmented vertebrate hindbrain displaying the rhombomeres and their associated cranial motor nerves. For clarity the cranial ganglia are displayed on only one side of the segmented hindbrain. Shown are the five most obvious ganglia (Vg-Xg) through which t ...
... The mammalian Hox cluster. (a) Depiction of a segmented vertebrate hindbrain displaying the rhombomeres and their associated cranial motor nerves. For clarity the cranial ganglia are displayed on only one side of the segmented hindbrain. Shown are the five most obvious ganglia (Vg-Xg) through which t ...
Identification of a structural motif that confers specific interaction with
... the Gal4 system. The amino acid-substituted COP1 proteins expressed as well as wild-type COP1 in both two-hybrid systems (data not shown). The use of different two-hybrid systems prevents a direct comparison between the HY5 and the STO/STH proteins; however, the relative effect that the WD40 domain ...
... the Gal4 system. The amino acid-substituted COP1 proteins expressed as well as wild-type COP1 in both two-hybrid systems (data not shown). The use of different two-hybrid systems prevents a direct comparison between the HY5 and the STO/STH proteins; however, the relative effect that the WD40 domain ...
Evolution of Intracellular Pathogens Further
... of each intracellular pathogen has unique aspects. This introduces a conundrum because uniqueness argues against generalities in the evolutionary process. However, it is possible to identify generalities by considering the subject from the larger perspective of the mechanisms that are responsible fo ...
... of each intracellular pathogen has unique aspects. This introduces a conundrum because uniqueness argues against generalities in the evolutionary process. However, it is possible to identify generalities by considering the subject from the larger perspective of the mechanisms that are responsible fo ...
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... 5) Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom? A) electrons and neutrons B) neutrons and protons C) protons and electrons D) neutrons, electrons, and protons Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 2.1 Skill: Factual 6) Nonliving things include fire, water, and viruses. Many features of living thin ...
... 5) Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom? A) electrons and neutrons B) neutrons and protons C) protons and electrons D) neutrons, electrons, and protons Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 2.1 Skill: Factual 6) Nonliving things include fire, water, and viruses. Many features of living thin ...
JAMA SIDS
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
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... 69) Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure? A) endoplasmic reticulum; protein B) Golgi apparatus; water C) lysosome; enzymes D) vacuole; water Answer: D Di ...
... 69) Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure? A) endoplasmic reticulum; protein B) Golgi apparatus; water C) lysosome; enzymes D) vacuole; water Answer: D Di ...
INTEINS: Structure, Function, and Evolution
... whose genome sequences are complete or nearly complete are included. Organisms that harbor inteins are highlighted in bold. The distribution of inteins is often depicted showing all organisms that contain inteins, giving the impression that inteins are widely distributed. However, among those Bacter ...
... whose genome sequences are complete or nearly complete are included. Organisms that harbor inteins are highlighted in bold. The distribution of inteins is often depicted showing all organisms that contain inteins, giving the impression that inteins are widely distributed. However, among those Bacter ...
Auxinas
... Reprinted with permission from Macmillan Publishers, Ltd. Robert, H.S., and Friml, J. (2009) Auxin and other signals on the move in plants. Nat. Chem. Biol. 5: 325-332. Reprinted from Muday, G.K., and DeLong, A. (2001). Polar auxin transport: Controlling where and how much. Trends Plant Sci. 6: 535– ...
... Reprinted with permission from Macmillan Publishers, Ltd. Robert, H.S., and Friml, J. (2009) Auxin and other signals on the move in plants. Nat. Chem. Biol. 5: 325-332. Reprinted from Muday, G.K., and DeLong, A. (2001). Polar auxin transport: Controlling where and how much. Trends Plant Sci. 6: 535– ...
Full Text
... fluorescence microscopy. However, little is known about the biochemical and physical properties of these chimaeric proteins, and whether they behave similarly to their untagged SOD1 counterparts. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we compare the physicochemical properties of SOD1 and the effects o ...
... fluorescence microscopy. However, little is known about the biochemical and physical properties of these chimaeric proteins, and whether they behave similarly to their untagged SOD1 counterparts. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we compare the physicochemical properties of SOD1 and the effects o ...
Yeast secretory expression of insulin precursors
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
Prostaglandin E2 Regulates the Level and Stability of
... clear how the COX-2 gene is regulated transcriptionally by external stimuli particularly in terms of the relevant signaling pathways and the transcription factors acting on 5⬘-flanking sequences. Even less is known about post-transcriptional regulation, although it is apparently critical in determin ...
... clear how the COX-2 gene is regulated transcriptionally by external stimuli particularly in terms of the relevant signaling pathways and the transcription factors acting on 5⬘-flanking sequences. Even less is known about post-transcriptional regulation, although it is apparently critical in determin ...
Brachyury and SMAD signalling collaboratively
... Fig. 2. BRA exhibits distinct genomic binding profiles in FLyA- and in FLyB-differentiated hESCs. (A) hESCs treated with FLyA (BRAlow) or FLyB (BRAhigh) media for 36 h were used to analyse and compare the genome-wide binding of BRA (ChIP-seq). (B) Venn diagram showing the detectable overlap between ...
... Fig. 2. BRA exhibits distinct genomic binding profiles in FLyA- and in FLyB-differentiated hESCs. (A) hESCs treated with FLyA (BRAlow) or FLyB (BRAhigh) media for 36 h were used to analyse and compare the genome-wide binding of BRA (ChIP-seq). (B) Venn diagram showing the detectable overlap between ...
The TRAPP Complex: Insights into its Architecture and
... localized. Overall, transport requires vesicle budding, recognition of the vesicle by the target membrane and fusion of the vesicle with the target membrane resulting in delivery of its contents. The initial interaction between the vesicle and the target membrane has been referred to as tethering. B ...
... localized. Overall, transport requires vesicle budding, recognition of the vesicle by the target membrane and fusion of the vesicle with the target membrane resulting in delivery of its contents. The initial interaction between the vesicle and the target membrane has been referred to as tethering. B ...
Shaping mitotic chromosomes: From classical concepts to molecular
... step-wise conversion of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) cluster into a loop-shaped structure [37, 38]. Moreover, incubation of human cultured cells with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid results in H3S10 phosphorylation in the vast majority of cells, yet chromosomes condense only in a very small ...
... step-wise conversion of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) cluster into a loop-shaped structure [37, 38]. Moreover, incubation of human cultured cells with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid results in H3S10 phosphorylation in the vast majority of cells, yet chromosomes condense only in a very small ...
Cellular respiration
... By chemiosmosis NADP reductase passes e- to NADP+ and NDAPH results. H+ flows down gradient through ATP synthase complex, where ADP binds to phosphate group and ATP is produced. ...
... By chemiosmosis NADP reductase passes e- to NADP+ and NDAPH results. H+ flows down gradient through ATP synthase complex, where ADP binds to phosphate group and ATP is produced. ...
Minimal metabolic pathway structure is consistent with
... (Fig 1). The MinSpan pathways are the sparsest linear basis of the null space of S that maintains the biological and thermodynamic constraints of the network. The MinSpan pathways have a couple notable properties. First, unlike convex analysis approaches (Llaneras & Pico, 2010), MinSpan pathways can ...
... (Fig 1). The MinSpan pathways are the sparsest linear basis of the null space of S that maintains the biological and thermodynamic constraints of the network. The MinSpan pathways have a couple notable properties. First, unlike convex analysis approaches (Llaneras & Pico, 2010), MinSpan pathways can ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... analysis and the 3H-thymidine incorporation are probably attributable to different timings in both experimental settings and to the relatively long time, which it takes for neonatal cardiomyocytes to complete a cell cycle. Western blot analysis of cell cycle regulators confirmed the induction of S-p ...
... analysis and the 3H-thymidine incorporation are probably attributable to different timings in both experimental settings and to the relatively long time, which it takes for neonatal cardiomyocytes to complete a cell cycle. Western blot analysis of cell cycle regulators confirmed the induction of S-p ...
Cellular respiration
... By chemiosmosis NADP reductase passes e- to NADP+ and NADPH results. H+ flows down gradient through ATP synthase complex, where ADP binds to phosphate group and ATP is produced. ...
... By chemiosmosis NADP reductase passes e- to NADP+ and NADPH results. H+ flows down gradient through ATP synthase complex, where ADP binds to phosphate group and ATP is produced. ...
Structural Investigations of Liposomes: Effect of Phospholipid
... the phosopholipid can be used to predict which structures will form (Israelachvili 1991). These parameters most efficiently predict the structures of unilamellar, single component supramolecular structures (Israelachvili 1991). In a multilamellar structure the interaction of head groups between sepa ...
... the phosopholipid can be used to predict which structures will form (Israelachvili 1991). These parameters most efficiently predict the structures of unilamellar, single component supramolecular structures (Israelachvili 1991). In a multilamellar structure the interaction of head groups between sepa ...
Type XIII collagen. Structural and functional characterization of the
... in various tissues and that it is mostly localized to cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. In order to study type XIII collagen at the molecular level, the protein was expressed in insect cells as a homotrimer. The recombinant protein was found to reside in the plasma membrane of insect cells with it ...
... in various tissues and that it is mostly localized to cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. In order to study type XIII collagen at the molecular level, the protein was expressed in insect cells as a homotrimer. The recombinant protein was found to reside in the plasma membrane of insect cells with it ...
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPAR
... in the systemic metabolism during fasting is triggered by glucagon and involves the mobilization of lipids stored in adipose tissue and break down of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol [1,2]. These two components are subsequently catabolized in liver: fatty acids undergo β-oxidation to p ...
... in the systemic metabolism during fasting is triggered by glucagon and involves the mobilization of lipids stored in adipose tissue and break down of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol [1,2]. These two components are subsequently catabolized in liver: fatty acids undergo β-oxidation to p ...
Paradigm Shifts In Neural Induction - Works
... nature of these factors secreted by the Organizer now causes scientists to think that, the default state of the ectoderm is to become neural, and that the ectoderm cells are actively induced by the ventral and lateral mesoderm to become epidermal. The Organizer is now thought to act by blocking thes ...
... nature of these factors secreted by the Organizer now causes scientists to think that, the default state of the ectoderm is to become neural, and that the ectoderm cells are actively induced by the ventral and lateral mesoderm to become epidermal. The Organizer is now thought to act by blocking thes ...
Gain and Loss of Photosynthetic Membranes during
... neither homogeneous nor necessarily null. Rather, their developmental state varies with the specific region and/or layer of the SAM in which they are found. Plastids throughout the L1 and L3 layers of the SAM possess fairly developed thylakoid networks. However, many of these plastids eventually los ...
... neither homogeneous nor necessarily null. Rather, their developmental state varies with the specific region and/or layer of the SAM in which they are found. Plastids throughout the L1 and L3 layers of the SAM possess fairly developed thylakoid networks. However, many of these plastids eventually los ...
Graded maternal short gastrulation protein contributes to embryonic
... proteins produced during oogenesis function, we analyzed the distribution of Sog protein during oogenesis and in early embryonic stages, prior to the onset of zygotic sog and dpp expression. We used anti-Sog antibodies that recognize epitopes near the first (8A) or second (8B) (Srinivasan et al., 20 ...
... proteins produced during oogenesis function, we analyzed the distribution of Sog protein during oogenesis and in early embryonic stages, prior to the onset of zygotic sog and dpp expression. We used anti-Sog antibodies that recognize epitopes near the first (8A) or second (8B) (Srinivasan et al., 20 ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.