In Vitro Assays Demonstrate That Pollen Tube Organelles Use
... their size, the organelles moved at different rates along microtubules in the presence of ATP. Cytochalasin D did not inhibit organelle movement, indicating that actin filaments are not required for organelle transport in our assay. The movement of organelles was cytosol independent, which suggests ...
... their size, the organelles moved at different rates along microtubules in the presence of ATP. Cytochalasin D did not inhibit organelle movement, indicating that actin filaments are not required for organelle transport in our assay. The movement of organelles was cytosol independent, which suggests ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... precisely, each stimulus presentation of length, T, consisted of two sections of length, T/2. Each section was filled with a pure tone of frequency f1 or f2, respectively, played at sound intensity S1 or S2, respectively. At the beginning and end of each stimulus section, the intensity was linearly ...
... precisely, each stimulus presentation of length, T, consisted of two sections of length, T/2. Each section was filled with a pure tone of frequency f1 or f2, respectively, played at sound intensity S1 or S2, respectively. At the beginning and end of each stimulus section, the intensity was linearly ...
Dateien anzeigen - Universität Düsseldorf
... Maternal screen .............................................................................................. 45 ...
... Maternal screen .............................................................................................. 45 ...
Linker histone H1 in early mouse embryogenesis
... increases during terminal cell differentiation (Rousseau et al., 1992), and its overproduction results in a decrease of transcriptional activity (Brown et al., 1997). However, the immediate future of the differentiated oocyte is to become a totipotent cell following fertilization or parthenogenetic ...
... increases during terminal cell differentiation (Rousseau et al., 1992), and its overproduction results in a decrease of transcriptional activity (Brown et al., 1997). However, the immediate future of the differentiated oocyte is to become a totipotent cell following fertilization or parthenogenetic ...
Research in Microbiology
... phosphorelay system, which is highly conserved in sporeforming Bacillus species (Stephenson and Hoch, 2002). In the system, histidine kinase phosphorylates Spo0F, and the phosphate group from the Spo0F is transferred to Spo0A by Spo0B. Spo0F and Spo0A are very highly conserved in the amino acid sequ ...
... phosphorelay system, which is highly conserved in sporeforming Bacillus species (Stephenson and Hoch, 2002). In the system, histidine kinase phosphorylates Spo0F, and the phosphate group from the Spo0F is transferred to Spo0A by Spo0B. Spo0F and Spo0A are very highly conserved in the amino acid sequ ...
phosphorylation. synthesis via the mechanism of substrate level
... source. During growth, pyruvate is converted to CH4 and CO2, and about 1.5 mol of ATP per mol of CH4 is formed (A.-K. Bock, A. Prieger-Kraft, and P. Schönheit, Arch. Microbiol. 161:33–46, 1994). The pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri could also grow on pyruvate when methanogenesis was completel ...
... source. During growth, pyruvate is converted to CH4 and CO2, and about 1.5 mol of ATP per mol of CH4 is formed (A.-K. Bock, A. Prieger-Kraft, and P. Schönheit, Arch. Microbiol. 161:33–46, 1994). The pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri could also grow on pyruvate when methanogenesis was completel ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... 1997; Keenan and Folch, 2008). However, most secreted proteins in intact tissues are likely to bind to cell surfaces or to the extracellular matrix (ECM) that fills the intercellular space (Nathan and Sporn, 1991; Kennedy et al., 2006), and must thus act on the target cell in a bound form. Binding t ...
... 1997; Keenan and Folch, 2008). However, most secreted proteins in intact tissues are likely to bind to cell surfaces or to the extracellular matrix (ECM) that fills the intercellular space (Nathan and Sporn, 1991; Kennedy et al., 2006), and must thus act on the target cell in a bound form. Binding t ...
Growth-limiting Intracellular Metabolites in Yeast Growing Under Diverse Nutrient Limitations.
... CTP and thereby reduced RNA biosynthesis and slower growth. Baker’s yeast, as the best-studied eukaryotic microbe, provides a valuable system for investigating the pathways linking nutrient environment to growth rate. Recent studies have examined the transcriptome (and to a limited extent, the prote ...
... CTP and thereby reduced RNA biosynthesis and slower growth. Baker’s yeast, as the best-studied eukaryotic microbe, provides a valuable system for investigating the pathways linking nutrient environment to growth rate. Recent studies have examined the transcriptome (and to a limited extent, the prote ...
Review Molecular pathogenesis of H5N1 influenza virus infections
... Given that the ability of an influenza virus to cause disease probably depends on its ability to replicate efficiently to produce high virus loads and outpace cellular antiviral responses, it is not surprising that the components of the viral replication complex are involved in viral pathogenicity. ...
... Given that the ability of an influenza virus to cause disease probably depends on its ability to replicate efficiently to produce high virus loads and outpace cellular antiviral responses, it is not surprising that the components of the viral replication complex are involved in viral pathogenicity. ...
Hücrelerin Yapısı - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... detergent treatment or with high salt concentrations ...
... detergent treatment or with high salt concentrations ...
Interaction of PIN and PGP transport mechanisms in auxin
... Transport-based asymmetric auxin distribution within tissues (auxin gradients) plays an important role in many developmental processes, including patterning and tropisms (reviewed by Tanaka et al., 2006). Because the auxin molecule is charged inside cells and, thus, membrane impermeable, its interce ...
... Transport-based asymmetric auxin distribution within tissues (auxin gradients) plays an important role in many developmental processes, including patterning and tropisms (reviewed by Tanaka et al., 2006). Because the auxin molecule is charged inside cells and, thus, membrane impermeable, its interce ...
Increasing Fgf4 expression in the mouse limb bud
... A major function of the limb bud apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is to produce fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that signal to the underlying mesenchyme. Previous studies have suggested that of the four FGF genes specifically expressed in the mouse AER, Fgf8 is unique not only in its expression pattern, ...
... A major function of the limb bud apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is to produce fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that signal to the underlying mesenchyme. Previous studies have suggested that of the four FGF genes specifically expressed in the mouse AER, Fgf8 is unique not only in its expression pattern, ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
Nab controls the activity of the zinc-finger
... pouch, but in the late third instar the two domains are several cells apart. (B,C) Wing disc (B) and adult wing (C) showing the expression domains of genes involved in proximodistal patterning relevant to this work. vg (green), rn (blue) and nub (yellow) are expressed in concentric domains, and wg ( ...
... pouch, but in the late third instar the two domains are several cells apart. (B,C) Wing disc (B) and adult wing (C) showing the expression domains of genes involved in proximodistal patterning relevant to this work. vg (green), rn (blue) and nub (yellow) are expressed in concentric domains, and wg ( ...
Motor proteins of the kinesin superfamily
... G-proteins is more tenuous; however, the shared structural, functional and chemical features of motors and these GTPases hint that an ancestral nucleotide-binding protein could have diverged to become both an ATP-driven motor protein and a GTP-driven molecular switch. The initial crystal structures ...
... G-proteins is more tenuous; however, the shared structural, functional and chemical features of motors and these GTPases hint that an ancestral nucleotide-binding protein could have diverged to become both an ATP-driven motor protein and a GTP-driven molecular switch. The initial crystal structures ...
Lipolysis Exposes Unreactive Endogenous Apolipoprotein E-3
... proteins were determined after SDS-PAGE of '25I-labeled lipoproteins and counting of gel slices. Preparation oflipolyzed VLDL. Lipolysis of human '25I-VLDL was achieved by in vitro incubation with bovine milk lipoprotein lipase as previously described (19). The incubation mixture contained VLDL (1- ...
... proteins were determined after SDS-PAGE of '25I-labeled lipoproteins and counting of gel slices. Preparation oflipolyzed VLDL. Lipolysis of human '25I-VLDL was achieved by in vitro incubation with bovine milk lipoprotein lipase as previously described (19). The incubation mixture contained VLDL (1- ...
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... marked by the nuclear accumulation of maternal b-catenin, a transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt signaling. Known regulators of axis specification include the canonical Wnt pathway components that positively or negatively affect bcatenin. An involvement of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) wa ...
... marked by the nuclear accumulation of maternal b-catenin, a transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt signaling. Known regulators of axis specification include the canonical Wnt pathway components that positively or negatively affect bcatenin. An involvement of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) wa ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
- Journal of Hepatology
... (Table 1) which are important for the regulation of lipolysis. ApoCI is a basic apolipoprotein that is mainly secreted by the liver as a component of VLDLs. It can dissociate from the VLDL surface to rapidly associate with HDLs and promote discoidal particle morphology [11]. ApoC-I has multiple regu ...
... (Table 1) which are important for the regulation of lipolysis. ApoCI is a basic apolipoprotein that is mainly secreted by the liver as a component of VLDLs. It can dissociate from the VLDL surface to rapidly associate with HDLs and promote discoidal particle morphology [11]. ApoC-I has multiple regu ...
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... 5) Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom? A) electrons and neutrons B) neutrons and protons C) protons and electrons D) neutrons, electrons, and protons Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 2.1 Skill: Factual 6) Nonliving things include fire, water, and viruses. Many features of living thin ...
... 5) Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom? A) electrons and neutrons B) neutrons and protons C) protons and electrons D) neutrons, electrons, and protons Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 2.1 Skill: Factual 6) Nonliving things include fire, water, and viruses. Many features of living thin ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.