Creation of a Selective Antagonist and Agonist of the Rat VPAC1
... the peripheral nervous systems. Besides being a central neurotransmitter, VIP is involved in the nervous control of vascular and nonvascular smooth-muscle activity and endocrine and exocrine secretion (Fahrenkrug, 1993). In addition to a neurotransmitter function, PACAP has been shown to be a neurot ...
... the peripheral nervous systems. Besides being a central neurotransmitter, VIP is involved in the nervous control of vascular and nonvascular smooth-muscle activity and endocrine and exocrine secretion (Fahrenkrug, 1993). In addition to a neurotransmitter function, PACAP has been shown to be a neurot ...
The kinaesthetic senses
... is potentially ambiguous. The proximity of skin receptors adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than one joint this can compromise its spindles’ ability to detect ...
... is potentially ambiguous. The proximity of skin receptors adjacent to each joint allows them to provide joint-specific information (Collins et al. 2005). Furthermore, it has recently been pointed out that whenever a muscle spans more than one joint this can compromise its spindles’ ability to detect ...
New TURF for TIRF - Stowers Institute for Medical Research
... •Tracking of secretory granules in intact cells before and during the secretory process. ...
... •Tracking of secretory granules in intact cells before and during the secretory process. ...
Arbuscular mycorrhiza: the mother of plant root endosymbioses
... are involved in the induction of resistance responses and constitute part of an ancient perception system for the detection of microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The Nod factor receptors also contain LysM domains, which are likely to bind the lipochitooligosaccharide Nod factors39,40. ...
... are involved in the induction of resistance responses and constitute part of an ancient perception system for the detection of microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The Nod factor receptors also contain LysM domains, which are likely to bind the lipochitooligosaccharide Nod factors39,40. ...
Two-dimensional numerical study of flow
... cylinder shape (i.e., cell tether). The formation of cell tether is important for regulation of cell adhesion strength and stabilization of cell rolling, and may significantly affect the flow dynamics inside the vessel, as well as the motion of other cells and bioactive molecules. Although significant ...
... cylinder shape (i.e., cell tether). The formation of cell tether is important for regulation of cell adhesion strength and stabilization of cell rolling, and may significantly affect the flow dynamics inside the vessel, as well as the motion of other cells and bioactive molecules. Although significant ...
Analysis of TETRAKETIDE a-PYRONE
... The precise structure of the sporopollenin polymer that is the major constituent of exine, the outer pollen wall, remains poorly understood. Recently, characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana genes and corresponding enzymes involved in exine formation has demonstrated the role of fatty acid derivati ...
... The precise structure of the sporopollenin polymer that is the major constituent of exine, the outer pollen wall, remains poorly understood. Recently, characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana genes and corresponding enzymes involved in exine formation has demonstrated the role of fatty acid derivati ...
Structure and Function of Large Bio Molecules
... An immense variety of polymers can be built from a small number of monomers. • Each cell has thousands of different kinds of macromolecules. • Macromolecules vary among cells of the same individual. They vary more among unrelated individuals of a species, and even more between species. • This divers ...
... An immense variety of polymers can be built from a small number of monomers. • Each cell has thousands of different kinds of macromolecules. • Macromolecules vary among cells of the same individual. They vary more among unrelated individuals of a species, and even more between species. • This divers ...
(DAMP) signal in plants
... Extracellular ATP is one of the well studied DAMP signals in both animals and plants. Although ATP is well recognized as a source of high energy phosphate bonds to support cellular metabolism, once ATP is released from cells following cellular damage, it acts as a DAMP signal (Figure 1). ATP is a go ...
... Extracellular ATP is one of the well studied DAMP signals in both animals and plants. Although ATP is well recognized as a source of high energy phosphate bonds to support cellular metabolism, once ATP is released from cells following cellular damage, it acts as a DAMP signal (Figure 1). ATP is a go ...
Increased Leaf Angle1, a Raf-Like MAPKKK That
... challenges still remain in identification of individual kinases, especially due to the existence of more than one hundred components of plant MAPK cascades (Ichimura, 2002). Analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome revealed the presence of 20 MAPKs, 10 MAPKKs, and 80 MAPKKKs (Colcombet and Hirt, ...
... challenges still remain in identification of individual kinases, especially due to the existence of more than one hundred components of plant MAPK cascades (Ichimura, 2002). Analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome revealed the presence of 20 MAPKs, 10 MAPKKs, and 80 MAPKKKs (Colcombet and Hirt, ...
Ro52: Structure and interactions of constructs of RING and B-box
... therefore it is responsible for the last step in the ubiquitination process. The structure of Ro52 is not totally solved and the function of the protein’s four domains is not fully understood. In this thesis three constructs of two domains from Ro52 (RING and B-box) is investigated by circular dichr ...
... therefore it is responsible for the last step in the ubiquitination process. The structure of Ro52 is not totally solved and the function of the protein’s four domains is not fully understood. In this thesis three constructs of two domains from Ro52 (RING and B-box) is investigated by circular dichr ...
The Expression of an Extensin-Like Protein
... wall of higher plants. Gene expression of HRGPs is developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner (Ye and Varner, 1991). For example, the tobacco HRGPnt3 gene is specifically expressed in a subset of the pericycle and endodermal cells from which a lateral root initiates (Keller and Lamb, 1989 ...
... wall of higher plants. Gene expression of HRGPs is developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner (Ye and Varner, 1991). For example, the tobacco HRGPnt3 gene is specifically expressed in a subset of the pericycle and endodermal cells from which a lateral root initiates (Keller and Lamb, 1989 ...
Binding Sites for Bacterial Flagella at the Surface of the Soil Amoeba
... changes in absolute ethanol the specimens were transferred via a 1 :1 acetone/Araldite mixture to complete Araldite resin and then left overnight at 25 "C.The next day coverslips were transferred to fresh resin for embedding. Coverslipswere removed from the polymerized blocks after these had been so ...
... changes in absolute ethanol the specimens were transferred via a 1 :1 acetone/Araldite mixture to complete Araldite resin and then left overnight at 25 "C.The next day coverslips were transferred to fresh resin for embedding. Coverslipswere removed from the polymerized blocks after these had been so ...
Protein Analysis - GRiSP Research Solutions
... by cellular lysis using a buffer containing detergents to further enrich the protein of interest within the extract. Frequently, cultured cells can be ruptured using a detergent buffer without mechanical methods. The chemical structure of detergents enables them to disrupt membranes and solublize pr ...
... by cellular lysis using a buffer containing detergents to further enrich the protein of interest within the extract. Frequently, cultured cells can be ruptured using a detergent buffer without mechanical methods. The chemical structure of detergents enables them to disrupt membranes and solublize pr ...
Neural differentiation from embryonic stem cells in vitro: An overview
... transforming growth factor/bone morphogenetic protein, Notch, fibroblast growth factor, cytokine, Hedgehog, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase and others. Some other miscellaneous molecular factors that have been reported in the literature are also summarized and discussed. The ...
... transforming growth factor/bone morphogenetic protein, Notch, fibroblast growth factor, cytokine, Hedgehog, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase and others. Some other miscellaneous molecular factors that have been reported in the literature are also summarized and discussed. The ...
AtMYB93 is a novel negative regulator of lateral root
... Plant rooting systems are fundamental for absorbing nutrients and water, anchoring the ...
... Plant rooting systems are fundamental for absorbing nutrients and water, anchoring the ...
Observations of green fluorescent protein as a fusion partner in
... contains the lacIq gene for tight regulation of the trc promoter. We also observed this leaky expression in BL21 from the plots of CAT concentration determined by Western blot (Fig. 3C). Conversely, the foreign protein expression was relatively tightly regulated in JM105 (F’ lacIq in combination wit ...
... contains the lacIq gene for tight regulation of the trc promoter. We also observed this leaky expression in BL21 from the plots of CAT concentration determined by Western blot (Fig. 3C). Conversely, the foreign protein expression was relatively tightly regulated in JM105 (F’ lacIq in combination wit ...
Cysteine 230 Modulates Tumor Necrosis Factor
... Apoptosis is a genetically regulated biological process that plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms (1–3). Thus, aberrations of this process can be detrimental to organisms. For example, excessive apoptosis causes damage to normal tissues in certain aut ...
... Apoptosis is a genetically regulated biological process that plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms (1–3). Thus, aberrations of this process can be detrimental to organisms. For example, excessive apoptosis causes damage to normal tissues in certain aut ...
Document
... line) which expressed recombinant IGF-I that renders the cells to grow indifinitely in protein and/or serum-free media. Although this looks promising, the absence of serum generally will impose other issues such as induction of phenotypic change due to changes at gene expression level. Other approac ...
... line) which expressed recombinant IGF-I that renders the cells to grow indifinitely in protein and/or serum-free media. Although this looks promising, the absence of serum generally will impose other issues such as induction of phenotypic change due to changes at gene expression level. Other approac ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan
... generally accepted that this activity allows Sir2 to form silent heterochromatin by removing acetyl groups from specific lysines in the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4, causing them to adopt a more compact conformation (Koubova and Guarente, 2003). The regulation of Sir2 by CR In yeast, Sir2 ...
... generally accepted that this activity allows Sir2 to form silent heterochromatin by removing acetyl groups from specific lysines in the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4, causing them to adopt a more compact conformation (Koubova and Guarente, 2003). The regulation of Sir2 by CR In yeast, Sir2 ...
New Concepts of the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadotropin
... opening a neural "gate," thereby allowing transmission of the daily neural signal to surge-initiating neuronal groups. How may estrogen act to render a neural pathway patent? A conventional view holds that steroid hormones can exert permissive effects on signaling efficacy by modulating neurotransmi ...
... opening a neural "gate," thereby allowing transmission of the daily neural signal to surge-initiating neuronal groups. How may estrogen act to render a neural pathway patent? A conventional view holds that steroid hormones can exert permissive effects on signaling efficacy by modulating neurotransmi ...
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... complexes, encompassing mechanically gated ion channels, play a central role in the transformation of mechanical forces into a cellular signal, which takes place in mechanosensory organs of diverse organisms. These complexes are highly efficient sensors, closely entangled with their surrounding envi ...
... complexes, encompassing mechanically gated ion channels, play a central role in the transformation of mechanical forces into a cellular signal, which takes place in mechanosensory organs of diverse organisms. These complexes are highly efficient sensors, closely entangled with their surrounding envi ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis
... generally accepted that this activity allows Sir2 to form silent heterochromatin by removing acetyl groups from specific lysines in the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4, causing them to adopt a more compact conformation (Koubova and Guarente, 2003). The regulation of Sir2 by CR In yeast, Sir2 ...
... generally accepted that this activity allows Sir2 to form silent heterochromatin by removing acetyl groups from specific lysines in the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4, causing them to adopt a more compact conformation (Koubova and Guarente, 2003). The regulation of Sir2 by CR In yeast, Sir2 ...
The impact of Spemann`s concepts on molecular embryology
... organizer: "What has been achieved is but the first step; we still stand in the presence of riddles, but not without hope of solving them. And riddles with the hope of solution-what more can a scientist desire?" The problem referred to, which to date still waits for a solution, arose from an experim ...
... organizer: "What has been achieved is but the first step; we still stand in the presence of riddles, but not without hope of solving them. And riddles with the hope of solution-what more can a scientist desire?" The problem referred to, which to date still waits for a solution, arose from an experim ...
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... kinases (PAKs) were found to be involved in the pUS3-induced modulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the migration of virus particles through cell projections, ultimately leading to infection of neighboring cells [11]. However, PAKs were shown to play a limited role in the anti-apoptotic activity o ...
... kinases (PAKs) were found to be involved in the pUS3-induced modulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the migration of virus particles through cell projections, ultimately leading to infection of neighboring cells [11]. However, PAKs were shown to play a limited role in the anti-apoptotic activity o ...
Linköping University Post Print
... acids [48, 49], in cholangiocarcinoma cells in response to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) [50], and in ovarian cancer cells treated with etoposide [51]. In all three cases, small interfering RNA- (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of Bax prevented LMP, indicating a mech ...
... acids [48, 49], in cholangiocarcinoma cells in response to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) [50], and in ovarian cancer cells treated with etoposide [51]. In all three cases, small interfering RNA- (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of Bax prevented LMP, indicating a mech ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.