... Micro-organisms which come into contact with mammalian tissues need a fmn anchorage to mucous membranes before colonizing or infecting the underlying epithelium. Otherwise, they would surely be removed by host defence mechanisms. Bacteria have developed a wide range of adhesion mechanisms: many stra ...
Transcription Factor Veracity: 1s GBF3 Responsible for ABA
... Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 ...
... Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 ...
Androgens Down-Regulate bcl-2 Protooncogene Expression in ZR
... HE ANDROGEN receptor is expressed in 50 –90% of breast tumors (1–3). Androgens or androgenic compounds, such as testosterone propionate (4 – 6), fluoxymesterone (7–9), and calusterone (10), have been shown to inhibit breast cancer growth in a proportion of women comparable to that achieved with othe ...
... HE ANDROGEN receptor is expressed in 50 –90% of breast tumors (1–3). Androgens or androgenic compounds, such as testosterone propionate (4 – 6), fluoxymesterone (7–9), and calusterone (10), have been shown to inhibit breast cancer growth in a proportion of women comparable to that achieved with othe ...
An enhanced transient expression system in plants based on
... Transient gene expression is a fast, flexible and reproducible approach to high-level expression of useful proteins. In plants, recombinant strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used for transient expression of genes that have been inserted into the T-DNA region of the bacterial Ti plasmid. A ...
... Transient gene expression is a fast, flexible and reproducible approach to high-level expression of useful proteins. In plants, recombinant strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used for transient expression of genes that have been inserted into the T-DNA region of the bacterial Ti plasmid. A ...
... biomass (dry weight), limiting substrate and the production of secondary metabolite (anthocyanin); but its main limitation is to assume that the degradation of anthocyanins is an independent cell growth process. Zhang et al. [3] propose a structured model for strawberry cell cultures (Fragaria anana ...
Cellular origin of the basement membrane in embryonic chicken
... medium. These preliminary observations were confirmed by several authors. who showed that both myogenic and fibrogenic cells of mouse and quail skeletal muscles synthesize and secrete types I, III and V collagen of the fibrous extracellular matrix (Sasse et al" 1981), as well as type IV collagen and ...
... medium. These preliminary observations were confirmed by several authors. who showed that both myogenic and fibrogenic cells of mouse and quail skeletal muscles synthesize and secrete types I, III and V collagen of the fibrous extracellular matrix (Sasse et al" 1981), as well as type IV collagen and ...
TREBALL 6
... hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the human D2L receptor gene (Burris et al., 2002; Tadori et al., 2005). Consistent with these observations, ARI occupies more than 80% of striatal DA D2 receptors at therapeutic doses but does not produce extrapyramidal side effects (Yukoi et al., 2002). In ...
... hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the human D2L receptor gene (Burris et al., 2002; Tadori et al., 2005). Consistent with these observations, ARI occupies more than 80% of striatal DA D2 receptors at therapeutic doses but does not produce extrapyramidal side effects (Yukoi et al., 2002). In ...
Calcium Activation of ERK Mediated by Calmodulin Kinase I
... KN-93, KN-92, H89, ionomycin, and UO126 were purchased from Calbiochem (Riverside, CA). STO-609 was purchased from Tocris Cookson, Inc. (Ellisville, MO). Antibodies specific to phosphorylated and activated ERK (pERK1/2) that bind phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 at residues threonine 202 and tyrosine 20 ...
... KN-93, KN-92, H89, ionomycin, and UO126 were purchased from Calbiochem (Riverside, CA). STO-609 was purchased from Tocris Cookson, Inc. (Ellisville, MO). Antibodies specific to phosphorylated and activated ERK (pERK1/2) that bind phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 at residues threonine 202 and tyrosine 20 ...
Functional Microsatellite Polymorphism Associated with Divergent
... smooth muscle of the thoracic aorta, PC-12 cells are neuronal in morphology from an adrenal gland pheochromocytoma, and H-4-II-e cells were derived from a liver hepatoma and display an epithelial morphology. To assess the endogenous V1aR phenotype of each cell line, we performed three independent V1 ...
... smooth muscle of the thoracic aorta, PC-12 cells are neuronal in morphology from an adrenal gland pheochromocytoma, and H-4-II-e cells were derived from a liver hepatoma and display an epithelial morphology. To assess the endogenous V1aR phenotype of each cell line, we performed three independent V1 ...
Plant Signaling and Behavior
... EXPBs in Arabidopsis alone.8 In rice, an astonishing 80 ORFs that encode expansin or expansin-like proteins have been detected in the genome.9,10 The large number of family members may relate to the different tissues or developmental processes where expansins are required. For example, they are indu ...
... EXPBs in Arabidopsis alone.8 In rice, an astonishing 80 ORFs that encode expansin or expansin-like proteins have been detected in the genome.9,10 The large number of family members may relate to the different tissues or developmental processes where expansins are required. For example, they are indu ...
IBRO 2008
... cells? A specialisation of GABA release times to different pyramidal cell surface domains, as reflected in the distinct action potential patterns of interneurons relative to network oscillations, is one explanation for the need for independent sources of GABA (refs 2-8). But the same domain may also ...
... cells? A specialisation of GABA release times to different pyramidal cell surface domains, as reflected in the distinct action potential patterns of interneurons relative to network oscillations, is one explanation for the need for independent sources of GABA (refs 2-8). But the same domain may also ...
Molecular mechanisms of complement evasion: learning from
... have developed many different strategies to escape the innate immune response, including the expression of an extracellular capsule and ‘hiding’ within host cells, either in a vacuole or in the cytoplasm. Over the past few years it has become clear that, in addition, bacteria can escape recognition ...
... have developed many different strategies to escape the innate immune response, including the expression of an extracellular capsule and ‘hiding’ within host cells, either in a vacuole or in the cytoplasm. Over the past few years it has become clear that, in addition, bacteria can escape recognition ...
Relationship between neurotransmitter release and cytosolic free
... A number of drugs which are known, from previous studies, to release neurotransmitters independently of [Ca2+l,in a variety of systems have been tested. For two of these drugs, monensin and X537A, although we have observed that they can induce release of [3H]dopamine independently of [Cat+b, morphol ...
... A number of drugs which are known, from previous studies, to release neurotransmitters independently of [Ca2+l,in a variety of systems have been tested. For two of these drugs, monensin and X537A, although we have observed that they can induce release of [3H]dopamine independently of [Cat+b, morphol ...
Use of a Sec signal peptide library from Bacillus subtilis for the
... machinery. For example, >150 Sec-specific SPs have been identified for Bacillus subtilis alone. As the best SP for a target protein of choice cannot be predicted a priori, screening of homologous SPs has been shown to be a powerful tool for different expression organisms. While SP libraries between ...
... machinery. For example, >150 Sec-specific SPs have been identified for Bacillus subtilis alone. As the best SP for a target protein of choice cannot be predicted a priori, screening of homologous SPs has been shown to be a powerful tool for different expression organisms. While SP libraries between ...
EXPRESSION OF EQUIVALENT CLONOTYPES IN BALB/c
... A/J and BALB/c mice have identical or nearly identical genes coding for antibodies to PC. Based on (a) L chain IEF patterns, (b) idiotypes, and (c) Nterminal structure of H and L chains, A/J anti-PC antibodies are strikingly similar to three BALB/c myeloma proteins that bind PC (T15, M511, M603). Th ...
... A/J and BALB/c mice have identical or nearly identical genes coding for antibodies to PC. Based on (a) L chain IEF patterns, (b) idiotypes, and (c) Nterminal structure of H and L chains, A/J anti-PC antibodies are strikingly similar to three BALB/c myeloma proteins that bind PC (T15, M511, M603). Th ...
1 Biochemistry 462a – Hemoglobin Structure and Function Reading
... The differences in O2 affinity between T-State (deoxy) and R-State (oxy) Hb can be understood in terms of the changes in quaternary structure that accompany the conversion of deoxy Hb to oxy Hb. o The shift from the deoxy to oxy conformation arises from the fact that in deoxy Hb the iron lies out of ...
... The differences in O2 affinity between T-State (deoxy) and R-State (oxy) Hb can be understood in terms of the changes in quaternary structure that accompany the conversion of deoxy Hb to oxy Hb. o The shift from the deoxy to oxy conformation arises from the fact that in deoxy Hb the iron lies out of ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... complexes throughout cytokinesis. We show that their appearance is predominantly sequential, with brief overlap at the onset and end of cytokinesis. The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma memb ...
... complexes throughout cytokinesis. We show that their appearance is predominantly sequential, with brief overlap at the onset and end of cytokinesis. The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma memb ...
Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecule E
... Extraction of A6 Cells with Triton X-114. Confluent A6 cells were washed three times with 85% PBS + and extracted on ice with 1% Triton X-I14 in solution A supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (1 mM PMSF, 1 mM iodoacetamide, 1 mM benzamidine, 10 ~tg/ml of aprotinin, pepstatin, leupeptin, ...
... Extraction of A6 Cells with Triton X-114. Confluent A6 cells were washed three times with 85% PBS + and extracted on ice with 1% Triton X-I14 in solution A supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (1 mM PMSF, 1 mM iodoacetamide, 1 mM benzamidine, 10 ~tg/ml of aprotinin, pepstatin, leupeptin, ...
Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... apply the above equation for estimation of average cell-cycle time in the PD. Criteria for defining the PD and TD have been described (Ivanov and Dubrovsky, 2013). Briefly, the PD comprises cells that maintain proliferation activity and the TD comprises cells that have very low probability of cell p ...
... apply the above equation for estimation of average cell-cycle time in the PD. Criteria for defining the PD and TD have been described (Ivanov and Dubrovsky, 2013). Briefly, the PD comprises cells that maintain proliferation activity and the TD comprises cells that have very low probability of cell p ...
this lecture as PDF here
... the cell the free ends of the circle can be ligated to form a covalently closed circle as illustrated in Figure 5. b. Site-specific recombination - A recombination event, catalyzed by a phage coded enzyme, occurs between a particular site on the circularized phage DNA and a particular site on the ho ...
... the cell the free ends of the circle can be ligated to form a covalently closed circle as illustrated in Figure 5. b. Site-specific recombination - A recombination event, catalyzed by a phage coded enzyme, occurs between a particular site on the circularized phage DNA and a particular site on the ho ...
Ionized Intracellular Calcium Concentration Predicts Excitotoxic
... nist. In contrast, indicators with lower affinity for calcium, benzothiazole coumarin (BTC), and fura-2/dextran reported [Ca 21]i levels .5 mM during lethal NMDA exposure, but [Ca 21]i levels were ,1.5 mM during nonlethal activation of AMPA receptors or voltage-gated calcium channels. Fura-2 reporte ...
... nist. In contrast, indicators with lower affinity for calcium, benzothiazole coumarin (BTC), and fura-2/dextran reported [Ca 21]i levels .5 mM during lethal NMDA exposure, but [Ca 21]i levels were ,1.5 mM during nonlethal activation of AMPA receptors or voltage-gated calcium channels. Fura-2 reporte ...
Protein phosphatases and the regulation of mitosis
... complexes exhibit high phosphatase activity towards the phosphorylated form of the microtubule-stabilising protein tau, whereas PP2A–B⬘ holoenzyme complexes have little activity towards the same substrate (Xu et al., 2008). In fact, PP2A–B⬘ holoenzymes dephosphorylate tau less well than the PP2A c ...
... complexes exhibit high phosphatase activity towards the phosphorylated form of the microtubule-stabilising protein tau, whereas PP2A–B⬘ holoenzyme complexes have little activity towards the same substrate (Xu et al., 2008). In fact, PP2A–B⬘ holoenzymes dephosphorylate tau less well than the PP2A c ...
Creation of a Selective Antagonist and Agonist of the Rat VPAC1
... the peripheral nervous systems. Besides being a central neurotransmitter, VIP is involved in the nervous control of vascular and nonvascular smooth-muscle activity and endocrine and exocrine secretion (Fahrenkrug, 1993). In addition to a neurotransmitter function, PACAP has been shown to be a neurot ...
... the peripheral nervous systems. Besides being a central neurotransmitter, VIP is involved in the nervous control of vascular and nonvascular smooth-muscle activity and endocrine and exocrine secretion (Fahrenkrug, 1993). In addition to a neurotransmitter function, PACAP has been shown to be a neurot ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.