Unicellular Organisms
... second • Shape of a pill capsule • Heterotrophic • Relatively large • Common in pond scum and freshwater • Contain two nuclei (macro and micro) ...
... second • Shape of a pill capsule • Heterotrophic • Relatively large • Common in pond scum and freshwater • Contain two nuclei (macro and micro) ...
Research Paper Role of Particle Size in Phagocytosis of Polymeric
... phagocytosis by macrophages. Although numerous studies have reported on the biochemical pathways of phagocytosis, relatively little is known about the dependence of phagocytosis on particle size. Here, we investigate the previously unexplained dependence of phagocytosis on particle size. Methods. Ra ...
... phagocytosis by macrophages. Although numerous studies have reported on the biochemical pathways of phagocytosis, relatively little is known about the dependence of phagocytosis on particle size. Here, we investigate the previously unexplained dependence of phagocytosis on particle size. Methods. Ra ...
Plant Cell
... et al., 2014). In support of this hypothesis is a recent study demonstrating that the calcium dependent protein kinase 5 (CPK5) is important for the propagation of the ROS wave in plants (Romeis and Herde, 2014). ROS generated in the apoplast by an RBOHD protein of a neighboring cell (as part of the ...
... et al., 2014). In support of this hypothesis is a recent study demonstrating that the calcium dependent protein kinase 5 (CPK5) is important for the propagation of the ROS wave in plants (Romeis and Herde, 2014). ROS generated in the apoplast by an RBOHD protein of a neighboring cell (as part of the ...
Therapeutic Applications of Spherical Nucleic Acids
... Due to the unabated growth of GBM tumors and their extensive resistance to therapies, only 3–5 % of patients survive longer than 3 years postdiagnosis [62]. Most therapeutics tested to treat GBM do not penetrate the blood–brain barrier/ blood–tumor barrier (BBB/BTB) and therefore are extremely ineff ...
... Due to the unabated growth of GBM tumors and their extensive resistance to therapies, only 3–5 % of patients survive longer than 3 years postdiagnosis [62]. Most therapeutics tested to treat GBM do not penetrate the blood–brain barrier/ blood–tumor barrier (BBB/BTB) and therefore are extremely ineff ...
Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy
... stress. Cancer cells have a high metabolic activity and require high levels of ATP to sustain their uncontrolled proliferation and growth. These two aspects result in sustained mitochondrial respiration, which leads to excessive ROS accumulation5. ER stress. The correct folding of proteins in the en ...
... stress. Cancer cells have a high metabolic activity and require high levels of ATP to sustain their uncontrolled proliferation and growth. These two aspects result in sustained mitochondrial respiration, which leads to excessive ROS accumulation5. ER stress. The correct folding of proteins in the en ...
Functional Microsatellite Polymorphism Associated with Divergent
... these ratios are normalized to either the promoterless control construct (pGL3 basic, experiment 1) or to the RLU of 3.5kbV1aR-luc (all other experiments). Due to interexperimental variability, two to three independent experiments for each cell type were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance ...
... these ratios are normalized to either the promoterless control construct (pGL3 basic, experiment 1) or to the RLU of 3.5kbV1aR-luc (all other experiments). Due to interexperimental variability, two to three independent experiments for each cell type were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance ...
Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles in a Clinical
... tryptone soy agar (TSA) and incubated at 37°C for 24h. An isolated colony was used to obtain OMVs by inoculation into 5 ml of tryptone soy broth (TSB) and incubation at 37°C overnight. One hundred plates with Craig agar (30 g/l of CAS-amino acids, 4 g/l yeast extract, 15 g/l bacteriological agar, 0. ...
... tryptone soy agar (TSA) and incubated at 37°C for 24h. An isolated colony was used to obtain OMVs by inoculation into 5 ml of tryptone soy broth (TSB) and incubation at 37°C overnight. One hundred plates with Craig agar (30 g/l of CAS-amino acids, 4 g/l yeast extract, 15 g/l bacteriological agar, 0. ...
Culm strenth of a rice brittle mutant
... fp2 mutant plant result from altered cell wall compositions biosynthesis, we analyzed cell wall compositions of mature plant. Because cell walls constituted a major fraction of total wall materials in mature plants, it was expected that any significant change in cell wall composition should be detec ...
... fp2 mutant plant result from altered cell wall compositions biosynthesis, we analyzed cell wall compositions of mature plant. Because cell walls constituted a major fraction of total wall materials in mature plants, it was expected that any significant change in cell wall composition should be detec ...
Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different
... proposed. The dissimilarities among these results can arise from the use of different cell lines, methodologies, labelled peptides, protein-conjugated peptides and different conditions, which can inhibit some pathways while favouring others. Even in a picture where the endosomal pathway emerges as t ...
... proposed. The dissimilarities among these results can arise from the use of different cell lines, methodologies, labelled peptides, protein-conjugated peptides and different conditions, which can inhibit some pathways while favouring others. Even in a picture where the endosomal pathway emerges as t ...
Role of c-myc in Tamoxifen-Induced Apoptosis in Estrogen
... fetal calf serum. Forty-eight hours before each experiment, cells were placed in phenol red-free medium with charcoal dextran-stripped fetal calf serum to remove endogenous steroids (12). These are the same conditions that we used in our previous expenmems, although not strictly necessary here, sinc ...
... fetal calf serum. Forty-eight hours before each experiment, cells were placed in phenol red-free medium with charcoal dextran-stripped fetal calf serum to remove endogenous steroids (12). These are the same conditions that we used in our previous expenmems, although not strictly necessary here, sinc ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... (Wyrzykowska et al., 2002). However, the technical difficulty of dissecting tobacco leaf primordia and the lack of a system to reliably quantify the outcome on cell division and leaf shape at time points after our manipulations meant that our investigation lacked sufficient resolution to quantify th ...
... (Wyrzykowska et al., 2002). However, the technical difficulty of dissecting tobacco leaf primordia and the lack of a system to reliably quantify the outcome on cell division and leaf shape at time points after our manipulations meant that our investigation lacked sufficient resolution to quantify th ...
galls on Prionitis lanceolata (Rhodophyta)
... tissue, can induce similar growths on previously uninfected hosts. Unfortunately no bacteria have yet been isolated which are capable of inducing gall formation. The elimination of infectivity with size fractions below 0.45 pm discounts the possibility that virus-like particles are the causative age ...
... tissue, can induce similar growths on previously uninfected hosts. Unfortunately no bacteria have yet been isolated which are capable of inducing gall formation. The elimination of infectivity with size fractions below 0.45 pm discounts the possibility that virus-like particles are the causative age ...
Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal
... EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP appeared in a cometlike pattern (1.01 ⫾ 0.11 m for EB1a; 1.11 ⫾ 0.18 m for EB1b; n ⫽ 50; Figure 1, A and B, and Supplementary Movie 2), whereas EB1c-GFP is nuclear (Figure 1C). The cometlike character, with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end gr ...
... EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP appeared in a cometlike pattern (1.01 ⫾ 0.11 m for EB1a; 1.11 ⫾ 0.18 m for EB1b; n ⫽ 50; Figure 1, A and B, and Supplementary Movie 2), whereas EB1c-GFP is nuclear (Figure 1C). The cometlike character, with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end gr ...
Fluorescent properties of c-type cytochromes
... produce substantial quantities of c-type cytochromes (Fig. 2). Exposure of G. sulfurreducens cells to oxygen at least partially oxidized the cytochromes in G. sulfurreducens, which could be more completely oxidized with ferricyanide, a stronger oxidant. Oxidation in this manner resulted in the loss ...
... produce substantial quantities of c-type cytochromes (Fig. 2). Exposure of G. sulfurreducens cells to oxygen at least partially oxidized the cytochromes in G. sulfurreducens, which could be more completely oxidized with ferricyanide, a stronger oxidant. Oxidation in this manner resulted in the loss ...
COMMUNICATION Redefining the phenotype of Heat shock protein 90
... Herein we show that the phenotype of Hsp90 knockdown cells using CRISPR technology is significantly different to that generated when cells are treated with classical inhibitors. We reveal that drugs acting via mechanisms unrelated to Hsp90 induce a similar phenotype to that produced by classical Hsp ...
... Herein we show that the phenotype of Hsp90 knockdown cells using CRISPR technology is significantly different to that generated when cells are treated with classical inhibitors. We reveal that drugs acting via mechanisms unrelated to Hsp90 induce a similar phenotype to that produced by classical Hsp ...
SOMBRERO, BEARSKIN1, and BEARSKIN2 Regulate Root Cap
... layers. In the smb-3 mutant, there therefore seems to be a failure of the maturing LRC cells to cease dividing and complete maturation by the time they occupy the usual position of the mature LRC cell file. Furthermore, the cells previously in the mature position in smb-3 fail to detach from the roo ...
... layers. In the smb-3 mutant, there therefore seems to be a failure of the maturing LRC cells to cease dividing and complete maturation by the time they occupy the usual position of the mature LRC cell file. Furthermore, the cells previously in the mature position in smb-3 fail to detach from the roo ...
Bacterial Filament Systems: Toward Understanding Their Emergent
... promotes ATP hydrolysis by MinD, causing it to detach from the membrane. Together, these activities cause all three components to oscillate between cell poles, creating a time-averaged minimum of MinC at mid-cell (53). Reconstitutions of MinCDE and FtsZ in three-dimensional cell-shaped compartments ...
... promotes ATP hydrolysis by MinD, causing it to detach from the membrane. Together, these activities cause all three components to oscillate between cell poles, creating a time-averaged minimum of MinC at mid-cell (53). Reconstitutions of MinCDE and FtsZ in three-dimensional cell-shaped compartments ...
Acute and Chronic Effects of 3-4 - Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psych
... 1- The control or intact group was left undisrupted. 2- Acute MDMA group received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 10 mg/kg MDMA once. 3- Chronic MDMA group received IP injection of 10 mg/ kg MDMA during the weekend for three weeks (1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 days). Body weight was recorded on first and la ...
... 1- The control or intact group was left undisrupted. 2- Acute MDMA group received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 10 mg/kg MDMA once. 3- Chronic MDMA group received IP injection of 10 mg/ kg MDMA during the weekend for three weeks (1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 days). Body weight was recorded on first and la ...
cell-substratum adhesion of neurite growth cones, and its role in
... elevated to 20 mM [ 141. With interference reflection optics I have seen that this morphological transformation begins within minutes of increasing calcium levels and is accompanied by an increased extent of adhesion of microspikes, the growth cone, and the axon to the glass (figs 21-25). It is note ...
... elevated to 20 mM [ 141. With interference reflection optics I have seen that this morphological transformation begins within minutes of increasing calcium levels and is accompanied by an increased extent of adhesion of microspikes, the growth cone, and the axon to the glass (figs 21-25). It is note ...
processing of defensive pigment in aplysia californica: acquisition
... found within the large digestive vacuoles of this cell. storage material and calcium carbonate. Immunogold localization showed that there was a The following model is consistent with our observations: statistically significant occurrence of the red algal red algal rhodoplasts are freed from algal ce ...
... found within the large digestive vacuoles of this cell. storage material and calcium carbonate. Immunogold localization showed that there was a The following model is consistent with our observations: statistically significant occurrence of the red algal red algal rhodoplasts are freed from algal ce ...
Molecular Cloning of CD68, a Human Macrophage
... these lines by PMA treatment. Thus, CD68 is constitutively expressed in promonocyte cells but can be expressed in most hematopoietic cell lines by phorbol-induced differentiation. The sequence of the cDNA insert in clone pCD68.1 (Fig 3) consists of 1,719 bp. The cDNA insert in pCD68.2 is 972 bp. Bot ...
... these lines by PMA treatment. Thus, CD68 is constitutively expressed in promonocyte cells but can be expressed in most hematopoietic cell lines by phorbol-induced differentiation. The sequence of the cDNA insert in clone pCD68.1 (Fig 3) consists of 1,719 bp. The cDNA insert in pCD68.2 is 972 bp. Bot ...
Localization of the Wilms` tumour protein WT1 in avian embryos
... However, in recent years, a large number of in vitro reporter assays have involved WT1 in a wide spectrum of fundamental cell processes, including control of proliferation and differentiation mainly through transcriptional repression of genes of growth factors, their receptors, and other transcripti ...
... However, in recent years, a large number of in vitro reporter assays have involved WT1 in a wide spectrum of fundamental cell processes, including control of proliferation and differentiation mainly through transcriptional repression of genes of growth factors, their receptors, and other transcripti ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.