Bacterial cheating drives the population dynamics of
... predicts that the resistant fraction at equilibrium increases approximately linearly with the antibiotic concentration, a prediction borne out in experimental difference maps obtained at multiple antibiotic concentrations (Figure 3A–C). Moreover, the model predicts that the equilibrium fraction is i ...
... predicts that the resistant fraction at equilibrium increases approximately linearly with the antibiotic concentration, a prediction borne out in experimental difference maps obtained at multiple antibiotic concentrations (Figure 3A–C). Moreover, the model predicts that the equilibrium fraction is i ...
Two Cortical Circuits Control Propagating Waves in Visual Cortex
... classes of neurons can be directly compared because the activities are expressed as fractions, but it should be remembered that the total numbers of neurons in each class are quite different. Thus, 70% of the subpial cell population is a smaller number (31 cells) than 30% of the pyramidal cell popul ...
... classes of neurons can be directly compared because the activities are expressed as fractions, but it should be remembered that the total numbers of neurons in each class are quite different. Thus, 70% of the subpial cell population is a smaller number (31 cells) than 30% of the pyramidal cell popul ...
Mechanism and Function of a Newly Identified CpG DNA Motif in
... (GACGTT; TGACGTT; GACGTC; and TGACGTC) were also less active than DSP30 (29). A non-CpG-specific effect mediated by the phosphorothioate backbone was suggested to be mainly responsible for the proliferative response in these studies. NonCpG-specific activation of human PBMCs by the phosphorothioate ...
... (GACGTT; TGACGTT; GACGTC; and TGACGTC) were also less active than DSP30 (29). A non-CpG-specific effect mediated by the phosphorothioate backbone was suggested to be mainly responsible for the proliferative response in these studies. NonCpG-specific activation of human PBMCs by the phosphorothioate ...
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... within this cell (Carlson et al., 1997a). The cap cell is tightly connected to the dendrite via the cap matrix and to the scolopale cell via septate junctions (Carlson et al., 1997b). This physical coupling allows movements of the body wall to be conducted to the dendrite, providing a stretch recept ...
... within this cell (Carlson et al., 1997a). The cap cell is tightly connected to the dendrite via the cap matrix and to the scolopale cell via septate junctions (Carlson et al., 1997b). This physical coupling allows movements of the body wall to be conducted to the dendrite, providing a stretch recept ...
Live Cell Imaging Reveals Structural Associations
... via pharmacological agents such as latrunculinB (latB) and cytochalasinB (Collings, 2008). Here, we tested whether a more stable actin configuration had an impact on the organization of MTs using the drug jasplakinolide (Bubb et al., 1994). Because jasplakinolide has not been extensively employed in ...
... via pharmacological agents such as latrunculinB (latB) and cytochalasinB (Collings, 2008). Here, we tested whether a more stable actin configuration had an impact on the organization of MTs using the drug jasplakinolide (Bubb et al., 1994). Because jasplakinolide has not been extensively employed in ...
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in lanthanum
... proline contents while decreasing malondialdehyde contents under osmotic or salt stress (Feng et al., 1999; Xu et al., 2007). ...
... proline contents while decreasing malondialdehyde contents under osmotic or salt stress (Feng et al., 1999; Xu et al., 2007). ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of t ...
... Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of t ...
Determination of the Structure and Composition of the ` Sulphur
... content; because of limitation of material, only one sample of each was used. In general, the extraction procedures of Park & Hancock (1960)were used to determine the cellular contents and to prepare the organisms for cell-wall analyses. After the extraction procedure of Park & Hancock (1960) the or ...
... content; because of limitation of material, only one sample of each was used. In general, the extraction procedures of Park & Hancock (1960)were used to determine the cellular contents and to prepare the organisms for cell-wall analyses. After the extraction procedure of Park & Hancock (1960) the or ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... oxidase.11 The mitochondrial release of proteins, such as apoptosis-inducing factor and the second mitochondrial activator of caspase/DIABLO gene product, into the cytosol also regulates genes important for apoptosis.12 Thus, mitochondrial events are readily communicated to the nucleus to affect gen ...
... oxidase.11 The mitochondrial release of proteins, such as apoptosis-inducing factor and the second mitochondrial activator of caspase/DIABLO gene product, into the cytosol also regulates genes important for apoptosis.12 Thus, mitochondrial events are readily communicated to the nucleus to affect gen ...
Adaptative Response of Vitis Root to Anoxia
... Greenway 2003). Thus, tolerant root cells are required to depress their metabolic state to survive during the anoxic episodes. The rate of heat production of apical root segments from both species was clearly responsive to O2 availability (Fig. 1). When root apices of V. riparia and V. rupestris wer ...
... Greenway 2003). Thus, tolerant root cells are required to depress their metabolic state to survive during the anoxic episodes. The rate of heat production of apical root segments from both species was clearly responsive to O2 availability (Fig. 1). When root apices of V. riparia and V. rupestris wer ...
Programmed Cell Death in Neurons
... to be conserved in organisms as diverse as mammals, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Much of the current research in mammalian cells focuses on the homologs of the cell death genes identified through genetic analysis in C. elegans (see below). Although mutations in single cell de ...
... to be conserved in organisms as diverse as mammals, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Much of the current research in mammalian cells focuses on the homologs of the cell death genes identified through genetic analysis in C. elegans (see below). Although mutations in single cell de ...
- University of Glasgow
... between the presence of MOG antibodies and demyelination, therefore suggesting that these antibodies did not mediate myelin loss. MOG-specific antibodies were also studied in vivo using MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model which reproduces many of the clinical and pat ...
... between the presence of MOG antibodies and demyelination, therefore suggesting that these antibodies did not mediate myelin loss. MOG-specific antibodies were also studied in vivo using MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model which reproduces many of the clinical and pat ...
Single-cell absolute contact probability detection reveals
... from Chromosome Conformation Capture based experiments, which capture relative frequencies of interactions between loci at close spatial proximity. Translation of relative contact frequencies into spatial distances is challenging. Our direct single-cell measurements of absolute contact probabilities ...
... from Chromosome Conformation Capture based experiments, which capture relative frequencies of interactions between loci at close spatial proximity. Translation of relative contact frequencies into spatial distances is challenging. Our direct single-cell measurements of absolute contact probabilities ...
A Nanobody-Based System Using Fluorescent Proteins as Scaffolds
... Transgenic lines expressing driver genes such as transcription factors or site-specific recombinases in specific cell populations can then be used to control the expression of genes in responder cassettes. However, the utility of individual lines is limited by a transgene’s functional abilities; rep ...
... Transgenic lines expressing driver genes such as transcription factors or site-specific recombinases in specific cell populations can then be used to control the expression of genes in responder cassettes. However, the utility of individual lines is limited by a transgene’s functional abilities; rep ...
Synergistic interaction between C5a and NOD2 signaling
... The innate immune response is a complex process involving multiple pathogen-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors. Complement is also a critical component of innate immunity. While complement is known to interact ...
... The innate immune response is a complex process involving multiple pathogen-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors. Complement is also a critical component of innate immunity. While complement is known to interact ...
A novel BIM deletion polymorphism: implications and
... therapy, and resulted in consistently high response rates, ...
... therapy, and resulted in consistently high response rates, ...
Mechanism of Phage-induced Lysis in Pneumococci
... contained thermolabile autolytic activity and possessed a protein that cross-reacted serologically with antibody against the autolytic enzyme from wild-type pneumococci (unpublished observations). There was, therefore, a possibility that phage-induced lysis was caused by residual amounts of thermola ...
... contained thermolabile autolytic activity and possessed a protein that cross-reacted serologically with antibody against the autolytic enzyme from wild-type pneumococci (unpublished observations). There was, therefore, a possibility that phage-induced lysis was caused by residual amounts of thermola ...
GLUT2 intracytoplasmic loop transmits glucose signaling
... cells, glucose transport is mediated by the GLUT2 glucose transporter (Thorens et al., 1988). A close correlation between GLUT2 levels and glucose-regulated gene expression is observed in hepatoma cells (Antoine et al., 1997), engineered β cells (Newgard et al., 1997) and GLUT2-null mice (Guillam et ...
... cells, glucose transport is mediated by the GLUT2 glucose transporter (Thorens et al., 1988). A close correlation between GLUT2 levels and glucose-regulated gene expression is observed in hepatoma cells (Antoine et al., 1997), engineered β cells (Newgard et al., 1997) and GLUT2-null mice (Guillam et ...
Firing Properties of Hippocampal Neurons in a Visually Symmetrical
... The animal’s momentary location within the cylinder was also automatically recorded at a rate of 60 Hz. For this, 2 small incandescent bulbs were attached to the rear of the animal’s headstage. Signals from a video camera mounted above the cylinder were fed through a spot detector that detected the ...
... The animal’s momentary location within the cylinder was also automatically recorded at a rate of 60 Hz. For this, 2 small incandescent bulbs were attached to the rear of the animal’s headstage. Signals from a video camera mounted above the cylinder were fed through a spot detector that detected the ...
Steel Factor Induces Serine Phosphorylation of
... that acts synergistically with a number of cytokines to stimulate growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro and blood cell production in vivo.' c-kit, the receptor for SLF, is a receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor family ...
... that acts synergistically with a number of cytokines to stimulate growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro and blood cell production in vivo.' c-kit, the receptor for SLF, is a receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor family ...
Ionic and Osmotic Effects of NaCl-Induced
... NaCl had both osmotic and ionic effects. The osmotic effect decreased the amount of water in the cytosol, rapidly increasing the intracellular concentration of salts. The ionic effect was caused by an influx of Na⫹ ions through potassium/Na⫹ channels that also increased concentrations of salts in th ...
... NaCl had both osmotic and ionic effects. The osmotic effect decreased the amount of water in the cytosol, rapidly increasing the intracellular concentration of salts. The ionic effect was caused by an influx of Na⫹ ions through potassium/Na⫹ channels that also increased concentrations of salts in th ...
Linking abnormal mitosis to the acquisition of DNA damage
... during prolonged mitosis, and suggest that some cells may be more prone to such damage than others. As an example, several studies have demonstrated that efficient loading of components of the condensin II complex to chromosomes requires functional pRb, and that pRb loss, or mutations in pRb that ab ...
... during prolonged mitosis, and suggest that some cells may be more prone to such damage than others. As an example, several studies have demonstrated that efficient loading of components of the condensin II complex to chromosomes requires functional pRb, and that pRb loss, or mutations in pRb that ab ...
Senior Honors Thesis - Deep Blue
... has made both positively charged and negatively charged drug-loaded nanoparticles for chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drug loaded nanoparticles have several intrinsic properties that aid in their effectiveness. First is a targeting ability known as enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), which enables ...
... has made both positively charged and negatively charged drug-loaded nanoparticles for chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drug loaded nanoparticles have several intrinsic properties that aid in their effectiveness. First is a targeting ability known as enhanced permeability and retention (EPR), which enables ...
Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: regulation of cell
... To examine the expression of &l-l during neural development, we localized its messenger RNA (mRNA) in developing chick embryos by in situ hybridization. dsl-1 mRNA was not expressed by cells in the neural plate (Figures 4A and 48) and first appeared at the time of closure of the neural tube. At this ...
... To examine the expression of &l-l during neural development, we localized its messenger RNA (mRNA) in developing chick embryos by in situ hybridization. dsl-1 mRNA was not expressed by cells in the neural plate (Figures 4A and 48) and first appeared at the time of closure of the neural tube. At this ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.