Mitochondrial Dynamics in Mammals
... intermembrane space, but reports vary as to which membrane it contacts and whether it is integrally embedded in the membrane (Olichon et al., 2002; Satoh et al., 2003). To complicate matters, OPA1 encodes eight splicing variants (Delettre et al., 2001), the subcellular localizations of which may var ...
... intermembrane space, but reports vary as to which membrane it contacts and whether it is integrally embedded in the membrane (Olichon et al., 2002; Satoh et al., 2003). To complicate matters, OPA1 encodes eight splicing variants (Delettre et al., 2001), the subcellular localizations of which may var ...
b-Arrestin1 and Distinct CXCR4 Structures Are Required for Stromal
... et al., 2011) and other cell types (Dziembowska et al., 2005) into regions that express SDF-1, including the lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, lung, and brain. Similar to its chemotactic roles for many normal cells, CXCR4 chemotactic signaling drives cancer metastasis, including breast cancer (Liu et ...
... et al., 2011) and other cell types (Dziembowska et al., 2005) into regions that express SDF-1, including the lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, lung, and brain. Similar to its chemotactic roles for many normal cells, CXCR4 chemotactic signaling drives cancer metastasis, including breast cancer (Liu et ...
LPAproducing enzyme PAPLA1 regulates hair follicle development
... LPA exerts most of its functions through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Anliker and Chun, 2004; Moolenaar et al, 2004). So far, six LPA-specific GPCRs belonging to either the endothelial cell differentiation gene family (LPA1,2,3) or P2Y family (LPA4,5,6) have been identified (Anliker and Chun ...
... LPA exerts most of its functions through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Anliker and Chun, 2004; Moolenaar et al, 2004). So far, six LPA-specific GPCRs belonging to either the endothelial cell differentiation gene family (LPA1,2,3) or P2Y family (LPA4,5,6) have been identified (Anliker and Chun ...
Study of the Biogenesis of the Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells （植物
... however, it is impossible to investigate the stacked structure by using it. Although major progress in ...
... however, it is impossible to investigate the stacked structure by using it. Although major progress in ...
Arabidopsis Kinetochore Fiber-Associated MAP65-4
... MAP65-4 Is Localized to Kinetochore Fibers during Mitosis To identify the MT array with which MAP65-4 is associated, the cellular distribution of GFP-tagged recombinant protein was investigated in tobacco BY-2 cells (Figure 1; see Supplemental Movies 1 and 2 online). In the more than 100 independent ...
... MAP65-4 Is Localized to Kinetochore Fibers during Mitosis To identify the MT array with which MAP65-4 is associated, the cellular distribution of GFP-tagged recombinant protein was investigated in tobacco BY-2 cells (Figure 1; see Supplemental Movies 1 and 2 online). In the more than 100 independent ...
Quantifying the dynamic interactions between a clathrin-coated pit and cargo molecules
... fluorescence decreases at late stages, even though the CCP grows. It was observed that clathrin and AP-2 are recruited at a very fast rate during a short initiation stage, followed by a long slower growth phase. To validate these results in HEK cells, we have reproduced some of these findings. CCPs wi ...
... fluorescence decreases at late stages, even though the CCP grows. It was observed that clathrin and AP-2 are recruited at a very fast rate during a short initiation stage, followed by a long slower growth phase. To validate these results in HEK cells, we have reproduced some of these findings. CCPs wi ...
Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of a Novel Polymeric Pimecrolimus
... assess if there were differences in average injury and inflammation scores across groups. CLINICAL STUDY. This was a first-in-human pilot study designed to obtain preliminary observations and generate hypotheses for future studies. As such the sample size was not calculated on the basis of an end po ...
... assess if there were differences in average injury and inflammation scores across groups. CLINICAL STUDY. This was a first-in-human pilot study designed to obtain preliminary observations and generate hypotheses for future studies. As such the sample size was not calculated on the basis of an end po ...
Up-regulation of junctophilin-2 prevents ER stress and apoptosis in
... reperfusion were initiated 40 years ago by Marko et al. [12] and Ginks et al. [13], and it has been proven that therapies to restore blood flow in ischemic myocardium salvage reversibly injured cardiomyocytes from necrosis. Since then, reperfusion strategies like thrombolysis, intervention, and bypa ...
... reperfusion were initiated 40 years ago by Marko et al. [12] and Ginks et al. [13], and it has been proven that therapies to restore blood flow in ischemic myocardium salvage reversibly injured cardiomyocytes from necrosis. Since then, reperfusion strategies like thrombolysis, intervention, and bypa ...
Vocab smack-down
... DIRECTIONS • Sit down quickly and quietly if you would like to play Vocab Smack-Down • Get out your VOCAB HW (Flashcards or written definitions and pictures on paper) • STUDY for a few minutes SILENTLY ...
... DIRECTIONS • Sit down quickly and quietly if you would like to play Vocab Smack-Down • Get out your VOCAB HW (Flashcards or written definitions and pictures on paper) • STUDY for a few minutes SILENTLY ...
Chemotactic Effect of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on Macrophages in
... microglia in neural damage and repair have been shown. Macrophages are often seen to associate with neurodegenerative diseases,16,17 but these cells can also be neuroprotective.18 The differential effects of macrophages under different conditions may be accounted for by the different phenotypes of t ...
... microglia in neural damage and repair have been shown. Macrophages are often seen to associate with neurodegenerative diseases,16,17 but these cells can also be neuroprotective.18 The differential effects of macrophages under different conditions may be accounted for by the different phenotypes of t ...
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocrystalline MgO and Its Use
... is used to synthesize nanoscale MgO nanoparticles of homogeneous size and well-defined composition.[9] Nanocrystalline Mg(OH)2 has been synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction using different magnesium precursors and solvents as the reactants. Subsequent thermal decomposition at 450 C gave nanometer ...
... is used to synthesize nanoscale MgO nanoparticles of homogeneous size and well-defined composition.[9] Nanocrystalline Mg(OH)2 has been synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction using different magnesium precursors and solvents as the reactants. Subsequent thermal decomposition at 450 C gave nanometer ...
Differential Auxin-Transporting Activities of PIN
... lyze auxin efflux at the cellular level. On the other hand, PIN5 and PIN8 possess a very short putative central loop (hereafter called short-looped PINs). Although PIN5 was recently shown to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proposed to transport auxin metabolites into the ER lumen, ...
... lyze auxin efflux at the cellular level. On the other hand, PIN5 and PIN8 possess a very short putative central loop (hereafter called short-looped PINs). Although PIN5 was recently shown to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proposed to transport auxin metabolites into the ER lumen, ...
CHAPTER 3: Early tissue patterning is recreated by MEFs in... Figure 5: Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MEFs cultured in
... we analyzed the presence of link protein, a component of the proteoglycans responsible for stabilizing the link between Aggrecan molecules and Hyaluronan polymers [67]. On the one hand, Real time PCR analysis has showed that link protein is upregulated in MEFs cultured in RAD16-I in comparison to ME ...
... we analyzed the presence of link protein, a component of the proteoglycans responsible for stabilizing the link between Aggrecan molecules and Hyaluronan polymers [67]. On the one hand, Real time PCR analysis has showed that link protein is upregulated in MEFs cultured in RAD16-I in comparison to ME ...
Antifungal Activity of Amiodarone Is Mediated by Disruption of
... Ca2⫹ entry channel at the plasma membrane (19). There is experimental evidence for at least one other calcium influx channel of unknown molecular identity (5, 20). Together, these proteins regulate cellular calcium levels and are critical for proper functioning of the calcium signaling cascade. Calc ...
... Ca2⫹ entry channel at the plasma membrane (19). There is experimental evidence for at least one other calcium influx channel of unknown molecular identity (5, 20). Together, these proteins regulate cellular calcium levels and are critical for proper functioning of the calcium signaling cascade. Calc ...
Paramecium as a bioassay system for elucidation of cytotoxicity and
... cytotoxicity effect on both cellular properties in all experiments performed in this study. However, we have found strong cytotoxic effect of CNF in the cell division tests. In this test we used culture medium containing lettuce juice and nutritive bacteria as described in “Materials and Methods”. T ...
... cytotoxicity effect on both cellular properties in all experiments performed in this study. However, we have found strong cytotoxic effect of CNF in the cell division tests. In this test we used culture medium containing lettuce juice and nutritive bacteria as described in “Materials and Methods”. T ...
The EMBO Journal (2002) 21, 1704–1712
... the MYST domain. In addition to the MYST domain, Tip60 contains a chromodomain at its N-terminus. Chromodomains are found in many chromatin-related proteins, and have been proposed to mediate protein–RNA interaction (Akhtar and Becker, 2001) or binding to methylated lysines (Bannister et al., 2001; ...
... the MYST domain. In addition to the MYST domain, Tip60 contains a chromodomain at its N-terminus. Chromodomains are found in many chromatin-related proteins, and have been proposed to mediate protein–RNA interaction (Akhtar and Becker, 2001) or binding to methylated lysines (Bannister et al., 2001; ...
Contribution of microtubule growth polarity and flux to spindle
... or perpendicular to the spindle axis (xt-plot, Fig. 3A), from the time-lapse measurements (xyt). Visual inspection of movies and these constructed kymographs revealed that metaphase plant chromosomes (seen as a negative stain) maintained their positions without appreciable movements in x or y direct ...
... or perpendicular to the spindle axis (xt-plot, Fig. 3A), from the time-lapse measurements (xyt). Visual inspection of movies and these constructed kymographs revealed that metaphase plant chromosomes (seen as a negative stain) maintained their positions without appreciable movements in x or y direct ...
Dua`s Layer: its discovery, characteristics and applications
... starts as two or more small bubbles at the periphery which enlarge centrally to meet and coalesce. At times both Type 1 and Type 2 BB can appear in the same sclero-corneal disc. These are termed “Mixed bubbles” (Figure 3C). The two bubbles in mixed-BB can be in various combinations, a complete Type ...
... starts as two or more small bubbles at the periphery which enlarge centrally to meet and coalesce. At times both Type 1 and Type 2 BB can appear in the same sclero-corneal disc. These are termed “Mixed bubbles” (Figure 3C). The two bubbles in mixed-BB can be in various combinations, a complete Type ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... Rationale: Polyploidy and multinucleation are characteristic features of mammalian cardiomyocytes, which develop shortly after birth when most differentiated cardiomyocytes become acytokinetic. Cardiac overload and hypertrophy further increase the degree of polyploidy of cardiomyocytes, suggesting a ...
... Rationale: Polyploidy and multinucleation are characteristic features of mammalian cardiomyocytes, which develop shortly after birth when most differentiated cardiomyocytes become acytokinetic. Cardiac overload and hypertrophy further increase the degree of polyploidy of cardiomyocytes, suggesting a ...
Full-Text PDF
... the Ihh gene. Target genes of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Gli1, are expressed in proliferating prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target chondrocytes, perichondrial cells, and primary spongiosa. Cells closer to the Ihh-producing cells genes of Hh sign ...
... the Ihh gene. Target genes of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Gli1, are expressed in proliferating prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target chondrocytes, perichondrial cells, and primary spongiosa. Cells closer to the Ihh-producing cells genes of Hh sign ...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vprmediated G2 cell cycle
... from a variety of tissues, as well as in yeast (Macreadie et al., 1995; Planelles et al., 1996), suggesting that Vpr targets a general cellular pathway that controls progression from G2 to mitosis. The functional role of the G2 cell cycle arrest mediated by Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis is as yet unclea ...
... from a variety of tissues, as well as in yeast (Macreadie et al., 1995; Planelles et al., 1996), suggesting that Vpr targets a general cellular pathway that controls progression from G2 to mitosis. The functional role of the G2 cell cycle arrest mediated by Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis is as yet unclea ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.