Making an Effort to Listen: Mechanical Amplification in the Ear
... cells extend and contract as the protein prestin alters its membrane surface area in response to changes in membrane potential. ...
... cells extend and contract as the protein prestin alters its membrane surface area in response to changes in membrane potential. ...
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici
... their hosts also follows a gene-for-gene model where toxin production by the pathogen and toxin sensitivity in the host are each conferred by a single dominant gene. In these interactions, the toxins, like avirulence gene products, affect the localized cell death of the host but with the inverse eff ...
... their hosts also follows a gene-for-gene model where toxin production by the pathogen and toxin sensitivity in the host are each conferred by a single dominant gene. In these interactions, the toxins, like avirulence gene products, affect the localized cell death of the host but with the inverse eff ...
Innate antiviral defense of zebrafish : from signalling to specialized
... teleosts which form the largest branch of bony fishes with more than 26 000 species, underwent whole-genome duplication in the beginning of its evolution and so many ISG can be found in duplicates, offering many opportunities for subfunctionalization. Teleosts are ray-finned fish as opposed to anoth ...
... teleosts which form the largest branch of bony fishes with more than 26 000 species, underwent whole-genome duplication in the beginning of its evolution and so many ISG can be found in duplicates, offering many opportunities for subfunctionalization. Teleosts are ray-finned fish as opposed to anoth ...
Multiple classes of yeast mutants are defective in vacuole
... ER and then transit to the Golgi apparatus, where they are sorted from secretory proteins and delivered to the vacuole (for review, Conibear and Stevens, 1995; Horazdovsky et al., 1995). 2) Proteins can also be delivered to the vacuole by endocytosis (Riezman, 1993). 3) Some proteins target directly ...
... ER and then transit to the Golgi apparatus, where they are sorted from secretory proteins and delivered to the vacuole (for review, Conibear and Stevens, 1995; Horazdovsky et al., 1995). 2) Proteins can also be delivered to the vacuole by endocytosis (Riezman, 1993). 3) Some proteins target directly ...
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... 2009; Poché et al., 2009), in which endothelial cell (EC) membranes and nuclei were labeled with mCherry and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), respectively, similar to our previous studies (Udan et al., 2013). For embryos between E8.5 and E9.5, we used agarose cylinders with a 4.7 mm outer diameter ...
... 2009; Poché et al., 2009), in which endothelial cell (EC) membranes and nuclei were labeled with mCherry and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), respectively, similar to our previous studies (Udan et al., 2013). For embryos between E8.5 and E9.5, we used agarose cylinders with a 4.7 mm outer diameter ...
Characterization of the ATPase Activity of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000
... When tumor cells acquire resistance to naturally occurring anticancer drugs such as lïneualkaloids or anthracyclines, they generally show cross-resistance to other antitumor agents (1). Reduced intracellular drug accumulation resulting from in creased active drug efflux across plasma membranes is a ...
... When tumor cells acquire resistance to naturally occurring anticancer drugs such as lïneualkaloids or anthracyclines, they generally show cross-resistance to other antitumor agents (1). Reduced intracellular drug accumulation resulting from in creased active drug efflux across plasma membranes is a ...
Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... BAG proteins are chaperone regulators that modulate diverse processes, including PCD. Plant BAG proteins are remarkably similar to their animal counterparts, and they also regulate PCD during development and during pathogen attack (Doukhanina et al., 2006). Sphingosine might hypothetically be involv ...
... BAG proteins are chaperone regulators that modulate diverse processes, including PCD. Plant BAG proteins are remarkably similar to their animal counterparts, and they also regulate PCD during development and during pathogen attack (Doukhanina et al., 2006). Sphingosine might hypothetically be involv ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... The time course and orientation of attachment of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 to white clover root hairs was examined in slide cultures by light and electron microscopy. Inocula were grown for 5 days on defined Bll agar medium and represented the large subpopulation of fully encapsulated single cells whi ...
... The time course and orientation of attachment of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 to white clover root hairs was examined in slide cultures by light and electron microscopy. Inocula were grown for 5 days on defined Bll agar medium and represented the large subpopulation of fully encapsulated single cells whi ...
Antifungal curcumin induces reactive oxygen species and triggers
... In the present study, we have investigated the antifungal effects of a natural polyphenol, CUR (curcumin), against albicans and non-albicans species of Candida and have shown its ability to inhibit the growth of all the tested strains. The inhibitory effects of CUR were independent of the status of ...
... In the present study, we have investigated the antifungal effects of a natural polyphenol, CUR (curcumin), against albicans and non-albicans species of Candida and have shown its ability to inhibit the growth of all the tested strains. The inhibitory effects of CUR were independent of the status of ...
Full Paper (vol.23 paper# 10) - Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
... The aim of the present work is to detect the effect of colchicine administration on the histology of the liver and intestine in albino rats. Most drugs have side effects which represent a great problem for human. Some of these side effects may be serious. An example of these drugs is colchicine. Its ...
... The aim of the present work is to detect the effect of colchicine administration on the histology of the liver and intestine in albino rats. Most drugs have side effects which represent a great problem for human. Some of these side effects may be serious. An example of these drugs is colchicine. Its ...
Separation of Sister Chromatids in Mitosis
... and thereby facilitates the correct bipolar orientation of sister kinetochores, a two-step process progressing from monopolar to bipolar attachment. In addition to simplifying the task of orienting sister chromatids, cohesion also allows the monitoring of this process. Chromosomes with the correct b ...
... and thereby facilitates the correct bipolar orientation of sister kinetochores, a two-step process progressing from monopolar to bipolar attachment. In addition to simplifying the task of orienting sister chromatids, cohesion also allows the monitoring of this process. Chromosomes with the correct b ...
Dual role of autophagy in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis Open Access
... HIV-1 replication [42]. Similarly, a recent study found that the knockdown of PIK3R4, ATG4A, ATG5, or ATG16 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) led to the inhibition of HIV-1LAI replication in SupT1 cells (T cell line) without having gross effects on the cell viability [43]. However, in separate studies, ...
... HIV-1 replication [42]. Similarly, a recent study found that the knockdown of PIK3R4, ATG4A, ATG5, or ATG16 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) led to the inhibition of HIV-1LAI replication in SupT1 cells (T cell line) without having gross effects on the cell viability [43]. However, in separate studies, ...
Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector, Lxodes dammini, Blocks
... successful tick feeding. Indeed, L dammini saliva inhibits phagocytosis of the Lyme disease spirochete in vitro (11) which may enhance infectivity of the spirochete for the host. In addition, antibody responses to the Lyme disease spirochete occur rapidly when animals are infected with the spirochet ...
... successful tick feeding. Indeed, L dammini saliva inhibits phagocytosis of the Lyme disease spirochete in vitro (11) which may enhance infectivity of the spirochete for the host. In addition, antibody responses to the Lyme disease spirochete occur rapidly when animals are infected with the spirochet ...
Induction of Apoptosis through B-cell Receptor Cross-linking
... events through which AICD commences are still unknown. Here we show that in Ramos B-cells, BcR-triggered cell death is associated with an early rise of C16 ceramide that derives from activation of the de novo pathway, as demonstrated using a specific inhibitor of ceramide synthase, fumonisin B1 (FB1 ...
... events through which AICD commences are still unknown. Here we show that in Ramos B-cells, BcR-triggered cell death is associated with an early rise of C16 ceramide that derives from activation of the de novo pathway, as demonstrated using a specific inhibitor of ceramide synthase, fumonisin B1 (FB1 ...
The Young Mouse Heart Is Composed of Myocytes Heterogeneous
... with decline in contractile behavior. Bivariate distribution of parameters of cell contractility and volume were fitted with straight lines. Cell shortening, maximal rate of contraction (dL/dt), and relaxation (⫹dL/dt) decreased, respectively, 0.32⫾0.058 m, 5.91⫾1.20 m/sec and 5.43⫾0.92 m/sec per ...
... with decline in contractile behavior. Bivariate distribution of parameters of cell contractility and volume were fitted with straight lines. Cell shortening, maximal rate of contraction (dL/dt), and relaxation (⫹dL/dt) decreased, respectively, 0.32⫾0.058 m, 5.91⫾1.20 m/sec and 5.43⫾0.92 m/sec per ...
Endothelial Barrier Function Adenosine
... providing the possibility that the enzymatic product of CD73 (adenosine) could transcriptionally regulate surface enzyme (CD73). To date, no direct evidence exists for this pathway. In these studies, we explored the regulation of endothelial CD73 bioactivity; surface protein expression; and transcri ...
... providing the possibility that the enzymatic product of CD73 (adenosine) could transcriptionally regulate surface enzyme (CD73). To date, no direct evidence exists for this pathway. In these studies, we explored the regulation of endothelial CD73 bioactivity; surface protein expression; and transcri ...
The mating pair stabilization protein, TraN, of the F plasmid is an
... importance in TraN function. TraN appears to require both intra- and intermolecular disulfide bond formation for its stability and structure as demonstrated by its instability in a dsbA mutant and its aberrant migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gels under non-reducing conditions or by cross-linking wit ...
... importance in TraN function. TraN appears to require both intra- and intermolecular disulfide bond formation for its stability and structure as demonstrated by its instability in a dsbA mutant and its aberrant migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gels under non-reducing conditions or by cross-linking wit ...
Robust methods for purification of histones from cultured
... play a role in modifying chromatin structure for DNA-templated processes in the eukaryotic nucleus, such as transcription, replication, recombination and repair; thus, histone PTMs are considered major players in the epigenetic control of these processes. Linking specific histone PTMs to gene expres ...
... play a role in modifying chromatin structure for DNA-templated processes in the eukaryotic nucleus, such as transcription, replication, recombination and repair; thus, histone PTMs are considered major players in the epigenetic control of these processes. Linking specific histone PTMs to gene expres ...
Pretreatment Increases Cytokine-induced NO Production
... inducible NOS (iNOS) is expressed in response to inflammatory cytokines in many cell types including hepatocytes (4), and produces micromolar levels of NO. All of these isotypes are active as homodimers and require NADPH, FAD, FMN, calmodulin, and BH4 (5). The first four cofactors are usually presen ...
... inducible NOS (iNOS) is expressed in response to inflammatory cytokines in many cell types including hepatocytes (4), and produces micromolar levels of NO. All of these isotypes are active as homodimers and require NADPH, FAD, FMN, calmodulin, and BH4 (5). The first four cofactors are usually presen ...
Comparative microanatomy and ultrastructure of the excretory
... the entire outer pericardial epithelium and, in the nudibranch subgroup Cladobranchia, also the ventricular wall. The Cephalaspidea lack true podocytes. Instead, special slashed cells (“podocyte-like cells” without diaphragms) with the capacity to form an ultrafiltration barrier adopted the podocyte ...
... the entire outer pericardial epithelium and, in the nudibranch subgroup Cladobranchia, also the ventricular wall. The Cephalaspidea lack true podocytes. Instead, special slashed cells (“podocyte-like cells” without diaphragms) with the capacity to form an ultrafiltration barrier adopted the podocyte ...
Engineering microfluidic concentration gradient generators for
... ( ⃗⃗ ), is obtained from solving the previously introduced N-S convective term, equation for convective transport of solute species ( see Table I). The net rate of species formation, Rg, is usually present when there is a chemical reaction producing or consuming the solute species. This factor is om ...
... ( ⃗⃗ ), is obtained from solving the previously introduced N-S convective term, equation for convective transport of solute species ( see Table I). The net rate of species formation, Rg, is usually present when there is a chemical reaction producing or consuming the solute species. This factor is om ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.