VASCULAR TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
PLC Biology
... The misuse of drugs The impact of legal/illegal drugs Performance enhancing drugs B1.4 Interdependence Competition Extremophiles Adaptation of plants/animals Environmental change and distribution Indicator species Measuring physical factors B1.5 Biomass Pyramids of Biomass Energy loss in food chains ...
... The misuse of drugs The impact of legal/illegal drugs Performance enhancing drugs B1.4 Interdependence Competition Extremophiles Adaptation of plants/animals Environmental change and distribution Indicator species Measuring physical factors B1.5 Biomass Pyramids of Biomass Energy loss in food chains ...
Vertebrate somitogenesis: a novel paradigm for animal segmentation?
... During their maturation in the PSM, cells begin to exhibit an epithelial organisation, characterized by an increase in cadherin levels and cytoarchitectural changes such as basally aligned nuclei, and formation of a basal lamina(Duband, et al., 1987; Dubrulle and Pourquié, unpublished observations). ...
... During their maturation in the PSM, cells begin to exhibit an epithelial organisation, characterized by an increase in cadherin levels and cytoarchitectural changes such as basally aligned nuclei, and formation of a basal lamina(Duband, et al., 1987; Dubrulle and Pourquié, unpublished observations). ...
starry night regulates tissue polarity - Development
... slightly weaker than stan3/Df-stan wings (compare Fig. 1G and H), thus by this criteria stan3 is a strong hypomorphic allele for the wing tissue polarity phenotype. Since stan3 is healthy, the mutation is presumably functional for the stan vital functions. It is possible that stan3 is analogous to t ...
... slightly weaker than stan3/Df-stan wings (compare Fig. 1G and H), thus by this criteria stan3 is a strong hypomorphic allele for the wing tissue polarity phenotype. Since stan3 is healthy, the mutation is presumably functional for the stan vital functions. It is possible that stan3 is analogous to t ...
characterisation of amino acid transport in red blood cells of a
... To measure efflux, washed hagfish red cells were incubated at a haematocrit of 10% for lOmin at 10°C in incubation medium containing O^mmoll" 1 L[14C]alanine. The cells were rapidly washed free of extracellular radioactivity (6x20 vols of ice-cold incubation medium) by centrifugation, and resuspende ...
... To measure efflux, washed hagfish red cells were incubated at a haematocrit of 10% for lOmin at 10°C in incubation medium containing O^mmoll" 1 L[14C]alanine. The cells were rapidly washed free of extracellular radioactivity (6x20 vols of ice-cold incubation medium) by centrifugation, and resuspende ...
The expression of a zebrafish gene homologous to Drosophila snail
... identified that control the invagination of the presumptive mesoderm in the ventral furrow of the embryo. Embryos mutant for the genes twist (Thisse et al., 1988) or snail (Boulay et al., 1987) fail to form a ventral furrow and completely lack mesoderm, suggesting that the genes regulate downstream ...
... identified that control the invagination of the presumptive mesoderm in the ventral furrow of the embryo. Embryos mutant for the genes twist (Thisse et al., 1988) or snail (Boulay et al., 1987) fail to form a ventral furrow and completely lack mesoderm, suggesting that the genes regulate downstream ...
The role of cytoplasmic streaming in symplastic transport
... ‘tow’ phenomenon; and so also would be selective coupling of myosin to some particular type of macromolecule (or vesicle) and the subsequent translocation of the macromolecule along actin trackways. Obviously, when the towed entities are dragged through a fluid, convection will result. Obviously als ...
... ‘tow’ phenomenon; and so also would be selective coupling of myosin to some particular type of macromolecule (or vesicle) and the subsequent translocation of the macromolecule along actin trackways. Obviously, when the towed entities are dragged through a fluid, convection will result. Obviously als ...
Update on Reactive Oxygen - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... to infection appear to be mediated by different mechanisms. Though the involvement of an NADPH oxidase has been predominant in most cases (Bolwell et al., 1998; Grant et al., 2000b; Torres and Dangl, 2005), both NADPH oxidases and cell wall peroxidases might mediate ROS production in response to the ...
... to infection appear to be mediated by different mechanisms. Though the involvement of an NADPH oxidase has been predominant in most cases (Bolwell et al., 1998; Grant et al., 2000b; Torres and Dangl, 2005), both NADPH oxidases and cell wall peroxidases might mediate ROS production in response to the ...
The impact of Spemann`s concepts on molecular embryology
... stand in the presence of riddles, but not without hope of solving them. And riddles with the hope of solution-what more can a scientist desire?" The problem referred to, which to date still waits for a solution, arose from an experiment that Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold performed in 1924 where the ...
... stand in the presence of riddles, but not without hope of solving them. And riddles with the hope of solution-what more can a scientist desire?" The problem referred to, which to date still waits for a solution, arose from an experiment that Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold performed in 1924 where the ...
Early Development and Axis Formation in Amphibians
... Common vertebrate (e.g. Rana, Xenopus) Manipulable, observable (i.e. large eggs and embryos) 1) How are the body axes established? - How do relatively homogeneous cells (i.e. zygotes) establish polarity (complexity from simplicity)? 2) How are the germ layers determined? - How do zygotes send their ...
... Common vertebrate (e.g. Rana, Xenopus) Manipulable, observable (i.e. large eggs and embryos) 1) How are the body axes established? - How do relatively homogeneous cells (i.e. zygotes) establish polarity (complexity from simplicity)? 2) How are the germ layers determined? - How do zygotes send their ...
"Molecular Motors in Plant Cells". In: Molecular Motors
... of MT-based motors, dyneins are absent in flowering plants. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis has the largest number of kinesin-like proteins (KLPs) as compared to other multicellular organisms including humans, suggesting that the kinesin superfamily is expanded considerably in plants. Also, all plant myos ...
... of MT-based motors, dyneins are absent in flowering plants. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis has the largest number of kinesin-like proteins (KLPs) as compared to other multicellular organisms including humans, suggesting that the kinesin superfamily is expanded considerably in plants. Also, all plant myos ...
- ISpatula
... expected to segregate into the core of the micelles, while the hydrophilic component forms the corona or outer shell. The hydrophobic micelle core serves as a microenvironment for incorporation of various therapeutic compounds, while the corona can act as a stabilizing interface between the hydropho ...
... expected to segregate into the core of the micelles, while the hydrophilic component forms the corona or outer shell. The hydrophobic micelle core serves as a microenvironment for incorporation of various therapeutic compounds, while the corona can act as a stabilizing interface between the hydropho ...
Lymphatic endothelial differentiation: start out with Sox
... lymph - draining tissues of plasma, proteins, particles and cells that have actively or passively gained access to the extracellular space [1,2]. Although blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are often found in close proximity, direct contact is avoided, thereby preventing illegitimate shortcuts betw ...
... lymph - draining tissues of plasma, proteins, particles and cells that have actively or passively gained access to the extracellular space [1,2]. Although blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are often found in close proximity, direct contact is avoided, thereby preventing illegitimate shortcuts betw ...
Metabolism, cell growth and the bacterial cell cycle
... and cell division. This view does not take into consideration the effects of nutrients and metabolic status on events that occur after replication initiation, nor does it explain how cell cycle events are coordinated with mass doubling to ensure that new rounds of replication are initiated only once ...
... and cell division. This view does not take into consideration the effects of nutrients and metabolic status on events that occur after replication initiation, nor does it explain how cell cycle events are coordinated with mass doubling to ensure that new rounds of replication are initiated only once ...
Cyclic AMP-Mediated Inhibition of Cell Growth Requires the Small G
... the effects of growth factors and serum on mitogenesis, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. cAMP exerts these growth-inhibitory effects via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Here, using Hek293 and NIH 3T3 cells, we show that cAMP’s inhibition of the MAP kinase ...
... the effects of growth factors and serum on mitogenesis, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. cAMP exerts these growth-inhibitory effects via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Here, using Hek293 and NIH 3T3 cells, we show that cAMP’s inhibition of the MAP kinase ...
441_2009_904_MOESM1_ESM - Springer Static Content Server
... triple staining for HCN1 (green, HCN1), HCN3 (red, HCN3 Shigemoto), and vilip1 (blue, vilip1) shows the strong expression of vilip1 in cells with IF14 (HCN1 (green) and HCN3 (red) positive) and weak expression of vilip1 in cells with IF12 (also HCN1 (green) and HCN3 (red) positive). In a vilip1 and ...
... triple staining for HCN1 (green, HCN1), HCN3 (red, HCN3 Shigemoto), and vilip1 (blue, vilip1) shows the strong expression of vilip1 in cells with IF14 (HCN1 (green) and HCN3 (red) positive) and weak expression of vilip1 in cells with IF12 (also HCN1 (green) and HCN3 (red) positive). In a vilip1 and ...
A Novel Recombinant Plasma Membrane
... referred to as pmeLUC) is shown in Figure 1A. This chimeric protein, thanks to the folate receptor leader sequence, is targeted to the plasma membrane and detects ATP in the extracellular milieu close to the cell surface (Figure 1B). Immunofluorescence and FACS analysis of cells transfected with thi ...
... referred to as pmeLUC) is shown in Figure 1A. This chimeric protein, thanks to the folate receptor leader sequence, is targeted to the plasma membrane and detects ATP in the extracellular milieu close to the cell surface (Figure 1B). Immunofluorescence and FACS analysis of cells transfected with thi ...
Regulatory B cells in autoimmune diseases
... more prominent regulatory role during the initiation of disease. In CIA mice, IL-10-producing B-cell subsets with varying phenotypes and origins have also been identified during arthritis development. Mauri et al. have performed a comprehensive study that examines whether adoptive transfer of activa ...
... more prominent regulatory role during the initiation of disease. In CIA mice, IL-10-producing B-cell subsets with varying phenotypes and origins have also been identified during arthritis development. Mauri et al. have performed a comprehensive study that examines whether adoptive transfer of activa ...
Expression of Multiple Artificial MicroRNAs from a Chicken miRNA126-Based Lentiviral Vector
... reporter genes, such as GFP, from the same transcript, thus allowing easier tracking of miRNA expression. Third, using artificial miRNA cassettes modeled after endogenous miRNAs seems to avoid the induction of cellular immune responses and apoptosis [12,13,14]. Different strategies have been investi ...
... reporter genes, such as GFP, from the same transcript, thus allowing easier tracking of miRNA expression. Third, using artificial miRNA cassettes modeled after endogenous miRNAs seems to avoid the induction of cellular immune responses and apoptosis [12,13,14]. Different strategies have been investi ...
Anion homeostasis is important for non
... acidic organelles within the cytoplasm of cells upon DIDS treatment, suggesting potential late endosome or lysosome-related compartments are involved in non-lytic BKPyV release. These data highlight a novel mechanism by which polyomaviruses can be released from infected cells in an active and non-ly ...
... acidic organelles within the cytoplasm of cells upon DIDS treatment, suggesting potential late endosome or lysosome-related compartments are involved in non-lytic BKPyV release. These data highlight a novel mechanism by which polyomaviruses can be released from infected cells in an active and non-ly ...
the Cell
... nucleus into large RNA molecules which are processed and transported into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis • Each RNA molecule typically encodes one polypeptide • Bacteria transcribe genetic information into RNA, and the RNA molecules produced may contain information for several polypeptides • In ...
... nucleus into large RNA molecules which are processed and transported into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis • Each RNA molecule typically encodes one polypeptide • Bacteria transcribe genetic information into RNA, and the RNA molecules produced may contain information for several polypeptides • In ...
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[PDF]
... RNAs (mRNAs) and inducing either translational repression or mRNA degradation (1). miRNAs regulate a wide range of biological processes in animal development and human disease (1). They have been implicated in the regulation of chromosome architecture, development, growth control, apoptosis and stem ...
... RNAs (mRNAs) and inducing either translational repression or mRNA degradation (1). miRNAs regulate a wide range of biological processes in animal development and human disease (1). They have been implicated in the regulation of chromosome architecture, development, growth control, apoptosis and stem ...
Correlating single cell motility with population growth dynamics
... the bulk fluid volumes handled in bioreactors, motility of individual bacterial cells is not considered to influence bioreactor operations. However, with increasing interest in localized fluid flow inside reactors, along with the bulk flow, it is important to ask the question whether individual moti ...
... the bulk fluid volumes handled in bioreactors, motility of individual bacterial cells is not considered to influence bioreactor operations. However, with increasing interest in localized fluid flow inside reactors, along with the bulk flow, it is important to ask the question whether individual moti ...
PDF
... Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors regulate the specification and differentiation of numerous cell types during embryonic development. Hand1 and Hand2 are expressed by a subset of neural crest cells in the anterior branchial arches and are involved in cranio ...
... Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors regulate the specification and differentiation of numerous cell types during embryonic development. Hand1 and Hand2 are expressed by a subset of neural crest cells in the anterior branchial arches and are involved in cranio ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.