ABSTRACT SUSTAINED DELIVERY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF AN INTEGRIN
... HUVEC detachment in vitronectin-coated surfaces in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and disrupted endothelial cell tube formation on Matrigel. In addition, EMD478761 induced HUVEC apoptosis on vitronectin via caspase-3 activation pathway. In vivo, EMD478761 induced endothelial cell apoptosis withi ...
... HUVEC detachment in vitronectin-coated surfaces in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and disrupted endothelial cell tube formation on Matrigel. In addition, EMD478761 induced HUVEC apoptosis on vitronectin via caspase-3 activation pathway. In vivo, EMD478761 induced endothelial cell apoptosis withi ...
An improved system for competent cell preparation and
... competent cells that will take up DNA following a heat shock step. DNA molecules, i.e. plasmids, which are introduced by this method, will then be replicated in the bacterial host cells. To aid the bacterial cells’ recovery, the cells are incubated briefly with non-selective growth medium following ...
... competent cells that will take up DNA following a heat shock step. DNA molecules, i.e. plasmids, which are introduced by this method, will then be replicated in the bacterial host cells. To aid the bacterial cells’ recovery, the cells are incubated briefly with non-selective growth medium following ...
Shifts, Aneuploidy, and Loss of Heterozygosity Rapid Mechanisms
... Human fungal pathogens can exist in a variety of ploidy states, including euploid and aneuploid forms. Ploidy change has a major impact on phenotypic properties, including the regulation of interactions with the human host. In addition, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant isolates is often associa ...
... Human fungal pathogens can exist in a variety of ploidy states, including euploid and aneuploid forms. Ploidy change has a major impact on phenotypic properties, including the regulation of interactions with the human host. In addition, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant isolates is often associa ...
pdf: Baskin 2013
... some plant cell biologists have used apical for cell polarity with reference to the shoot apex only, so that under their terminology apical points away from the root’s apex; however, an alternative terminology for cell polarity has been recently proposed.4 In any case, here, anatomy rather than cell ...
... some plant cell biologists have used apical for cell polarity with reference to the shoot apex only, so that under their terminology apical points away from the root’s apex; however, an alternative terminology for cell polarity has been recently proposed.4 In any case, here, anatomy rather than cell ...
Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later
... plants trigger a response based on enhanced oxidase activity. Although the cytology of root cells is significantly altered, these plants exhibit a considerable capacity as hyperaccumulators and they have been consequently proposed as phytoremediators (Ge et al., 2012). In addition to the various mec ...
... plants trigger a response based on enhanced oxidase activity. Although the cytology of root cells is significantly altered, these plants exhibit a considerable capacity as hyperaccumulators and they have been consequently proposed as phytoremediators (Ge et al., 2012). In addition to the various mec ...
Self-avoidance and Tiling: Mechanisms of Dendrite and Axon Spacing
... branches directly compete for territory. To test this hypothesis, Kramer and Stent (Kramer and Stent 1985) crushed growth cones in developing arbors, thereby delaying or eliminating the development of specific axon subfields (Fig. 1C). This operation resulted in a reduction in the size of the target ...
... branches directly compete for territory. To test this hypothesis, Kramer and Stent (Kramer and Stent 1985) crushed growth cones in developing arbors, thereby delaying or eliminating the development of specific axon subfields (Fig. 1C). This operation resulted in a reduction in the size of the target ...
The measurement of exocytosis in plant cells
... plasma membrane growth and for its differentiation during the life of the cell is incorporated from the secretory vesicle membrane during exocytosis. For each of these processes (polysaccharide, protein and phospholipid delivery) there may be alternative routes, but the available evidence suggests t ...
... plasma membrane growth and for its differentiation during the life of the cell is incorporated from the secretory vesicle membrane during exocytosis. For each of these processes (polysaccharide, protein and phospholipid delivery) there may be alternative routes, but the available evidence suggests t ...
Control of the Cell Cycle in Early Embryos
... cycle and arrest at the G2/M border of meiosis I. In clams, fertilization provides the extracellular signal that breaks this cell cycle arrest and initiates a series of rapid cell division cycles. In this paper, we consider two aspects of this process: the rapid, one-time activation of a member of t ...
... cycle and arrest at the G2/M border of meiosis I. In clams, fertilization provides the extracellular signal that breaks this cell cycle arrest and initiates a series of rapid cell division cycles. In this paper, we consider two aspects of this process: the rapid, one-time activation of a member of t ...
Regulation of ISWI -family of chromatin remodelling complexes
... Eukaryotic cells store their genetic information in the form of chromatin, a complex of DNA packed with structural and regulatory proteins. The functional repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. While this packaging provides ...
... Eukaryotic cells store their genetic information in the form of chromatin, a complex of DNA packed with structural and regulatory proteins. The functional repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. While this packaging provides ...
Chapter 1 - Origin of Vertebrate Limb Muscle
... between E10.5 and E12.5 in mouse and establishes the basic muscle pattern. Fetal (E14.5–P0; P, postnatal day) and neonatal (P0–P21) myogenesis are critical for muscle growth and maturation. Adult myogenesis (after P21) is necessary for postnatal growth and repair of damaged muscle. Each one of these ...
... between E10.5 and E12.5 in mouse and establishes the basic muscle pattern. Fetal (E14.5–P0; P, postnatal day) and neonatal (P0–P21) myogenesis are critical for muscle growth and maturation. Adult myogenesis (after P21) is necessary for postnatal growth and repair of damaged muscle. Each one of these ...
1 Distinct FAK activities determine progenitor
... MaSCs and LPs, thereby reducing the content of these populations in MFCKO mice. To determine directly the role of FAK in maintaining MaSCs in vivo, we used limiting dilution transplantation assays to assess the regenerative potential of MaSCs from Ctrl and MFCKO mice (2, 3). Analysis of unsorted MaE ...
... MaSCs and LPs, thereby reducing the content of these populations in MFCKO mice. To determine directly the role of FAK in maintaining MaSCs in vivo, we used limiting dilution transplantation assays to assess the regenerative potential of MaSCs from Ctrl and MFCKO mice (2, 3). Analysis of unsorted MaE ...
Infection of Mesothelial Cells with Human Herpes Virus 8 in
... described above, were performed on microdissected whole samples on all 10 cases. Of the HIV-seropositive samples in patients with non-HHV 8 –related diseases, no evidence of HHV 8 DNA was identified by PCR. One of the five samples showed a T-cell clone. This clone was identified in a patient with di ...
... described above, were performed on microdissected whole samples on all 10 cases. Of the HIV-seropositive samples in patients with non-HHV 8 –related diseases, no evidence of HHV 8 DNA was identified by PCR. One of the five samples showed a T-cell clone. This clone was identified in a patient with di ...
MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of
... phosphatases (PTPs), dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) or protein phosphatases of type 2C (PP2Cs) [18,19]. PTP and DSP phosphatases were shown to regulate MPK3/MPK6 pathways in plants [20,21,22,23]. We found that PP2Cs AP2C1 and MP2C control stress-MAPKs in Arabidopsis and alfalfa, respectively [ ...
... phosphatases (PTPs), dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) or protein phosphatases of type 2C (PP2Cs) [18,19]. PTP and DSP phosphatases were shown to regulate MPK3/MPK6 pathways in plants [20,21,22,23]. We found that PP2Cs AP2C1 and MP2C control stress-MAPKs in Arabidopsis and alfalfa, respectively [ ...
HS Life Science Crosswalk
... Construct a model of how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. ...
... Construct a model of how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. ...
Prolonged Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in
... analysis demonstrated that mice 1 and 4 weeks after TAC had cardiac hypertrophy and failure, respectively. Cardiac expression of ER chaperones was significantly increased 1 and 4 weeks after TAC, indicating that pressure overload by TAC induced prolonged ER stress. In addition, the number of termina ...
... analysis demonstrated that mice 1 and 4 weeks after TAC had cardiac hypertrophy and failure, respectively. Cardiac expression of ER chaperones was significantly increased 1 and 4 weeks after TAC, indicating that pressure overload by TAC induced prolonged ER stress. In addition, the number of termina ...
Dazl regulates mouse embryonic germ cell development
... experiments using retroviral integration indicate that all primordial germ cells arise from at least three progenitor cells (Soriano and Jaenisch, 1986). These results were more recently verified using a multiple fluorescent imaging approach (Ueno et al., 2009). ...
... experiments using retroviral integration indicate that all primordial germ cells arise from at least three progenitor cells (Soriano and Jaenisch, 1986). These results were more recently verified using a multiple fluorescent imaging approach (Ueno et al., 2009). ...
Cell cycle regulation by the bacterial nucleoid
... Division site selection presents a fundamental challenge to all organisms. Bacterial cells are small and the chromosome (nucleoid) often fills most of the cell volume. Thus, in order to maximise fitness and avoid damaging the genetic material, cell division must be tightly co-ordinated with chromoso ...
... Division site selection presents a fundamental challenge to all organisms. Bacterial cells are small and the chromosome (nucleoid) often fills most of the cell volume. Thus, in order to maximise fitness and avoid damaging the genetic material, cell division must be tightly co-ordinated with chromoso ...
The influence of chronic stress on T cell immunity
... responses, for instance to prevent the body from harmful excessive immune responses. CNSimmune interactions also play an important role during stress responses. The stress response is essential for the organism since it facilitates all necessary changes (physiological and behavioral) that allow the ...
... responses, for instance to prevent the body from harmful excessive immune responses. CNSimmune interactions also play an important role during stress responses. The stress response is essential for the organism since it facilitates all necessary changes (physiological and behavioral) that allow the ...
A Cell is Like A (100 points) You will compare an animal or plant
... o Your task is to construct a comic strip to introduce your new superhero. Your superhero can be made up of a plant or animal cell – OR - you can create several superheroes and arch villains that are each an individual organelle. o You’ll want to make it interesting and informational. Your comic m ...
... o Your task is to construct a comic strip to introduce your new superhero. Your superhero can be made up of a plant or animal cell – OR - you can create several superheroes and arch villains that are each an individual organelle. o You’ll want to make it interesting and informational. Your comic m ...
Production of fibronectin and collagen types I and III by chick embryo
... 10-' 3, 16 and 17) or on collagen antibody binds to an essentiafly extracellular network of rather coarse fibers and patches: in 7-day cultures (Fig. 12), the extracellular antifibronectin-positive network comprises alternatingfy thick strands and thin translucent veil-like meshes. Phase contrast vi ...
... 10-' 3, 16 and 17) or on collagen antibody binds to an essentiafly extracellular network of rather coarse fibers and patches: in 7-day cultures (Fig. 12), the extracellular antifibronectin-positive network comprises alternatingfy thick strands and thin translucent veil-like meshes. Phase contrast vi ...
On the Morphology of the Drosophila Heart
... Cardiomyocytes are cells with easily distinguishable functionalities form the heart tube; these are the contractile cardiomyocytes discussed in this Section (4.1), the ostia (4.2) and the intracardiac valve cells (4.3). Differentiation into different cells types is achieved early during embryogenesi ...
... Cardiomyocytes are cells with easily distinguishable functionalities form the heart tube; these are the contractile cardiomyocytes discussed in this Section (4.1), the ostia (4.2) and the intracardiac valve cells (4.3). Differentiation into different cells types is achieved early during embryogenesi ...
Modeling host interactions with hepatitis B virus using
... requires an in vitro cell-culture system that supports the infection of human hepatocytes, and accurately recapitulates virus–host interactions. Here, we report that micropatterned cocultures of primary human hepatocytes with stromal cells (MPCCs) reliably support productive HBV infection, and infec ...
... requires an in vitro cell-culture system that supports the infection of human hepatocytes, and accurately recapitulates virus–host interactions. Here, we report that micropatterned cocultures of primary human hepatocytes with stromal cells (MPCCs) reliably support productive HBV infection, and infec ...
Figure 6.1: Toluidine blue (TB) resin section illustrating the full
... McClellan-Green et al. 2006; Jacobson 2007). Silveira & Mimura (1999) gave more insight into the histology of the gallbladder of the snake Bothrops jararaca. Oldham-Ott & Gilloteaux (1997) reviewed the morphology, including light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, of the gall ...
... McClellan-Green et al. 2006; Jacobson 2007). Silveira & Mimura (1999) gave more insight into the histology of the gallbladder of the snake Bothrops jararaca. Oldham-Ott & Gilloteaux (1997) reviewed the morphology, including light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, of the gall ...
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
Boron Functions in Plants: Looking Beyond the
... Figure 5 Chemical structures containing boron. (A) At near-neutral pH, as found in most biological fluids, boron exists primarily as boric acid. At higher pH, boric acid accepts hydroxyl ions from water, thus forming a tetrahedral borate anion. (B) Different compounds containing cis-hidroxyl groups ...
... Figure 5 Chemical structures containing boron. (A) At near-neutral pH, as found in most biological fluids, boron exists primarily as boric acid. At higher pH, boric acid accepts hydroxyl ions from water, thus forming a tetrahedral borate anion. (B) Different compounds containing cis-hidroxyl groups ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.