pdf-Dokument - Universität Bonn
... thaliana genome, there are 15 proteins with ARFGAP domains (named AGD115) which are classified as ARFGAP Domain (AGD) proteins. These proteins have been highly conserved during the evolution of eukaryotes. In this thesis, the cellular role of an ARFGAP (AGD5) has been investigated. This group of pro ...
... thaliana genome, there are 15 proteins with ARFGAP domains (named AGD115) which are classified as ARFGAP Domain (AGD) proteins. These proteins have been highly conserved during the evolution of eukaryotes. In this thesis, the cellular role of an ARFGAP (AGD5) has been investigated. This group of pro ...
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules - HAL
... exchanged between the plant and bacteria to the differentiation and operation of root nodules, the plant organ in which nitrogen fixation takes place. The initial sensing of the two organisms by each other starts with the release of root exudates by the plant that include flavonoids and nutrients suc ...
... exchanged between the plant and bacteria to the differentiation and operation of root nodules, the plant organ in which nitrogen fixation takes place. The initial sensing of the two organisms by each other starts with the release of root exudates by the plant that include flavonoids and nutrients suc ...
Comparison of the Leukocyte differentiation
... variety of granules. Eosinophils increase with chronic allergies and parasite infections, and make up 2% to 5% of all leukocytes; they have nuclei shaped like kidneys and characteristic granules. Basophils are related to allergic reactions and make up less than 1% of all leukocytes; they are slightl ...
... variety of granules. Eosinophils increase with chronic allergies and parasite infections, and make up 2% to 5% of all leukocytes; they have nuclei shaped like kidneys and characteristic granules. Basophils are related to allergic reactions and make up less than 1% of all leukocytes; they are slightl ...
AP Study Guide
... Almost everything around us can be broken down into simpler substances. These substances can be further broken down into other simpler substances. There is a point where substances can no longer be broken down into other substances while keeping their characteristic properties. These substances are ...
... Almost everything around us can be broken down into simpler substances. These substances can be further broken down into other simpler substances. There is a point where substances can no longer be broken down into other substances while keeping their characteristic properties. These substances are ...
UNIT I - Net Start Class
... Almost everything around us can be broken down into simpler substances. These substances can be further broken down into other simpler substances. There is a point where substances can no longer be broken down into other substances while keeping their characteristic properties. These substances are ...
... Almost everything around us can be broken down into simpler substances. These substances can be further broken down into other simpler substances. There is a point where substances can no longer be broken down into other substances while keeping their characteristic properties. These substances are ...
Effect of Steroid Hormones and Retinoids on the Formation of
... and inhibitory activities of these compounds have been found.8-17 It is not clear at present, whether the variation in response to hormones relates to differences in assay systems, species, the parameter measured, or hormone concentration and metabolism. Many studies have been performed in nonhuman ...
... and inhibitory activities of these compounds have been found.8-17 It is not clear at present, whether the variation in response to hormones relates to differences in assay systems, species, the parameter measured, or hormone concentration and metabolism. Many studies have been performed in nonhuman ...
FREE Sample Here
... 19) Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature? A) Because the cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed tissues such as epithelium, the membrane must be asymmetrical B) Be ...
... 19) Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature? A) Because the cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed tissues such as epithelium, the membrane must be asymmetrical B) Be ...
Text - Enlighten - University of Glasgow
... there exists a unique set of kinetic and regulatory descriptors. However, for a majority of transporters, the process of transport itself acts on one or more of these descriptors. For example, consider the outward-rectifying K+ channel of the guard cell. Gating of these channels is sensitive to memb ...
... there exists a unique set of kinetic and regulatory descriptors. However, for a majority of transporters, the process of transport itself acts on one or more of these descriptors. For example, consider the outward-rectifying K+ channel of the guard cell. Gating of these channels is sensitive to memb ...
Практичне заняття № 1
... E. exoderma ANSWER: A 71. At the cross section of root it was revealed several layers of cambium that form additional vascular bundles. This leads to the conclusion that the structure of the root is... A. Secondary, polykambial B. Secondary monokambial C. Primary, polikambial D. Primary, monokambial ...
... E. exoderma ANSWER: A 71. At the cross section of root it was revealed several layers of cambium that form additional vascular bundles. This leads to the conclusion that the structure of the root is... A. Secondary, polykambial B. Secondary monokambial C. Primary, polikambial D. Primary, monokambial ...
Chromosome Choreography: The Meiotic Ballet
... the SC (9). A number of re- Fig. 1. During prophase of meiosis I, chromosomes accomplish the three basic steps egans, synapsis occurs norpetitive DNA elements that of pairing, synapsis, and recombination. Interactions between one pair of homolo- mally even in the absence are located within the genet ...
... the SC (9). A number of re- Fig. 1. During prophase of meiosis I, chromosomes accomplish the three basic steps egans, synapsis occurs norpetitive DNA elements that of pairing, synapsis, and recombination. Interactions between one pair of homolo- mally even in the absence are located within the genet ...
Efficient Procedure and Methods to Determine Critical
... named electro-chemotherapy [5-7] and gene electro-transfer [8,9], respectively. In the past decade, non-thermal irreversible electroporation for the ablation of solid tumors has emerged as a new medical application of electroporation technology [3, 10]. In the food and pharmaceutical application, el ...
... named electro-chemotherapy [5-7] and gene electro-transfer [8,9], respectively. In the past decade, non-thermal irreversible electroporation for the ablation of solid tumors has emerged as a new medical application of electroporation technology [3, 10]. In the food and pharmaceutical application, el ...
Control de la estabilidad de ciclinas de G1 por nutrientes Sara
... In budding yeast, the commitment to a new round of cell division takes place in late G1, at a point called Start, where transcriptional activation of more than 200 G1-specific genes occurs (reviewed in reference 2). This includes the transcription of major cell cycle regulators, including the G1 cyc ...
... In budding yeast, the commitment to a new round of cell division takes place in late G1, at a point called Start, where transcriptional activation of more than 200 G1-specific genes occurs (reviewed in reference 2). This includes the transcription of major cell cycle regulators, including the G1 cyc ...
immunodetection of arabinogalactan proteins in different types of
... apparatus (Fig. 11, 12). Both studied AGP epitopes were detected inside the micropylar canal as well, but were not present in the somatic cells surrounding the canal. Other parts of the mature ovules were devoid of AGP epitopes, except for the funiculus vessels. ...
... apparatus (Fig. 11, 12). Both studied AGP epitopes were detected inside the micropylar canal as well, but were not present in the somatic cells surrounding the canal. Other parts of the mature ovules were devoid of AGP epitopes, except for the funiculus vessels. ...
Studies on polar cell wall growth and antibiotic susceptibility of
... importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathogens such as tuberculosis, diphtheria and leprosy. C. glutamicum, like Mycobacteriu ...
... importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathogens such as tuberculosis, diphtheria and leprosy. C. glutamicum, like Mycobacteriu ...
Tax-dependent Displacement of Nucleosomes during
... factors and therefore represses transcription. One mechanism for overcoming this repression is acetylation of the amino-terminal tails of the nucleosomal histones. This modification is proposed to increase the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA for transcription factor binding (19 – 21). Additionally, ...
... factors and therefore represses transcription. One mechanism for overcoming this repression is acetylation of the amino-terminal tails of the nucleosomal histones. This modification is proposed to increase the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA for transcription factor binding (19 – 21). Additionally, ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Since they receive less total light, they tend to be thinner, have fewer mesophyll layers and chloroplasts, and fewer hairs than leaves on the same tree exposed to direct light (sun leaves). Leaves of Arid Regions Many have thick cuticle, leathery leaves and few and sunken stomata. Some have s ...
... Since they receive less total light, they tend to be thinner, have fewer mesophyll layers and chloroplasts, and fewer hairs than leaves on the same tree exposed to direct light (sun leaves). Leaves of Arid Regions Many have thick cuticle, leathery leaves and few and sunken stomata. Some have s ...
Cell wall synthesis is necessary for membrane dynamics during
... regions of the forespore was likely not the result of reduced accessibility to the space between the two forespore membranes because forespore staining was similar in a spoIIQ mutant where the forespore membranes are less tightly associated (Broder and Pogliano, 2006) as compared with the wild type ...
... regions of the forespore was likely not the result of reduced accessibility to the space between the two forespore membranes because forespore staining was similar in a spoIIQ mutant where the forespore membranes are less tightly associated (Broder and Pogliano, 2006) as compared with the wild type ...
The Vam6 GEF Controls TORC1 by Activating the
... Activation of TORC1 by expression of Gtr1GTP and by cycloheximide treatment was not additive, suggesting that aminoacid-dependent control of TORC1 may be controlled, at least in part, by the nucleotide-binding status of Gtr1 (Figure 3A). To explore this possibility further, we first sought to verify ...
... Activation of TORC1 by expression of Gtr1GTP and by cycloheximide treatment was not additive, suggesting that aminoacid-dependent control of TORC1 may be controlled, at least in part, by the nucleotide-binding status of Gtr1 (Figure 3A). To explore this possibility further, we first sought to verify ...
Virus-induced hepatocellular carcinomas cause antigen
... tumor cells. Thus, TAg-specific CTLs, functionally activated upon virus-mediated TAg expression, were not systemically tolerized by the progressing HCC. Furthermore, the few TAg+ cells that escaped elimination after viral infection “sneaked through” in the presence of functionally activated pIV-spec ...
... tumor cells. Thus, TAg-specific CTLs, functionally activated upon virus-mediated TAg expression, were not systemically tolerized by the progressing HCC. Furthermore, the few TAg+ cells that escaped elimination after viral infection “sneaked through” in the presence of functionally activated pIV-spec ...
Lesson Overview
... Many protists move by means of cilia and flagella, structures supported by microtubules. Cilia are short and numerous, and they move somewhat like oars on a boat. Flagella are relatively long and usually number only one or two per cell. Some flagella spin like tiny propellers, but most produce a wav ...
... Many protists move by means of cilia and flagella, structures supported by microtubules. Cilia are short and numerous, and they move somewhat like oars on a boat. Flagella are relatively long and usually number only one or two per cell. Some flagella spin like tiny propellers, but most produce a wav ...
ER and vacuoles: never been closer
... were used as biochemical markers to highlight acidic compartments. The tubular-vesicular structure at the trans-side of the Golgi was named Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum (GERL; Marty, 1978), and later it was renamed as TGN (Griffiths and Simons, 1986). Due to its acidic intraluminal pH, the ...
... were used as biochemical markers to highlight acidic compartments. The tubular-vesicular structure at the trans-side of the Golgi was named Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum (GERL; Marty, 1978), and later it was renamed as TGN (Griffiths and Simons, 1986). Due to its acidic intraluminal pH, the ...
PDF
... established transgenic lines using Gal4-VP16 cannot be regulated by these new methods (see Faucherre and Lopez-Schier, 2011). As an example, we show temporal control over GFP expression, mediated by regulating the activator Gal4, in early developing primary motoneurons (PMNs), but not later developi ...
... established transgenic lines using Gal4-VP16 cannot be regulated by these new methods (see Faucherre and Lopez-Schier, 2011). As an example, we show temporal control over GFP expression, mediated by regulating the activator Gal4, in early developing primary motoneurons (PMNs), but not later developi ...
(6R)-hydroxy-BFA in tobacco and Arabidopsis
... BFA compartments are produced in both tobacco and Arabidopsis, but of different sizes Whereas, in mammalian cells, the TGN and EE are separate organelles, in higher plants the TGN also functions as an EE (Dettmer et al., 2006; Lam et al., 2009; Otegui and Spitzer, 2008). In addition, the TGN is not ...
... BFA compartments are produced in both tobacco and Arabidopsis, but of different sizes Whereas, in mammalian cells, the TGN and EE are separate organelles, in higher plants the TGN also functions as an EE (Dettmer et al., 2006; Lam et al., 2009; Otegui and Spitzer, 2008). In addition, the TGN is not ...
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... stress response, are both required during cell proliferation and survival under stress. To maintain homeostasis, GSK-3β has been shown to negatively regulate mTORC2 by phosphorylating rictor at S1235 [73]. This S1235 inhibitory phosphorylation impairs the ability of mTORC2 to phosphorylate and activ ...
... stress response, are both required during cell proliferation and survival under stress. To maintain homeostasis, GSK-3β has been shown to negatively regulate mTORC2 by phosphorylating rictor at S1235 [73]. This S1235 inhibitory phosphorylation impairs the ability of mTORC2 to phosphorylate and activ ...
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy
... Intensity-based FRET imaging microscopy suffers from various drawbacks, including autofluorescence, detector noise, optical noise, and photobleaching. In addition, spectral bleedthrough (SBT) or contributions of donor and acceptor fluorescence emission into the FRET channel is a major problem. Due t ...
... Intensity-based FRET imaging microscopy suffers from various drawbacks, including autofluorescence, detector noise, optical noise, and photobleaching. In addition, spectral bleedthrough (SBT) or contributions of donor and acceptor fluorescence emission into the FRET channel is a major problem. Due t ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.