Patterning the Xenopus blastula - Development
... Drosophila initiated by the Wingless secreted protein (Fig. 3). 1994b). This indicates that, as in Drosophila, β-catenin may lie This wingless-initiated pathway has been shown to be of downstream of a Wnt signal. critical importance in the patterning of the Drosophila (c) Molecules upstream of β-cat ...
... Drosophila initiated by the Wingless secreted protein (Fig. 3). 1994b). This indicates that, as in Drosophila, β-catenin may lie This wingless-initiated pathway has been shown to be of downstream of a Wnt signal. critical importance in the patterning of the Drosophila (c) Molecules upstream of β-cat ...
Spatial and temporal regulation of DNA
... It was recently demonstrated that during the processes of germination, DNA fragmentation (about 200 bp laddering) occurred in aleurone cells. The appearance of DNA fragmentation started in the aleurone cells near the embryo and extended to the distal end of the grain during germination. This DNA fra ...
... It was recently demonstrated that during the processes of germination, DNA fragmentation (about 200 bp laddering) occurred in aleurone cells. The appearance of DNA fragmentation started in the aleurone cells near the embryo and extended to the distal end of the grain during germination. This DNA fra ...
ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY XV. ULTRASZl~IlcroRAL
... brane (Fig. 4). Processes varied in thickness throughout their length; the terminal regions displayed marked exility with featureless cytoplasmic content. The profusion of fine processes and the relative infrequency of reticular cell bodies in any plane of section suggested that each cell emitted a ...
... brane (Fig. 4). Processes varied in thickness throughout their length; the terminal regions displayed marked exility with featureless cytoplasmic content. The profusion of fine processes and the relative infrequency of reticular cell bodies in any plane of section suggested that each cell emitted a ...
344_final version - OPUS at UTS
... modeling and control. The natural degradation of fuel cell is mainly caused by the increase of the resistance, which is likely caused by membrane dehydration. The study in this paper would provide deepen our understanding for the storage and degradation recovery of fuel ...
... modeling and control. The natural degradation of fuel cell is mainly caused by the increase of the resistance, which is likely caused by membrane dehydration. The study in this paper would provide deepen our understanding for the storage and degradation recovery of fuel ...
Anion homeostasis is important for non
... acidic organelles within the cytoplasm of cells upon DIDS treatment, suggesting potential late endosome or lysosome-related compartments are involved in non-lytic BKPyV release. These data highlight a novel mechanism by which polyomaviruses can be released from infected cells in an active and non-ly ...
... acidic organelles within the cytoplasm of cells upon DIDS treatment, suggesting potential late endosome or lysosome-related compartments are involved in non-lytic BKPyV release. These data highlight a novel mechanism by which polyomaviruses can be released from infected cells in an active and non-ly ...
Biological systems of the host cell involved in Agrobacterium infection
... biotechnology. The transformation results from the production of a single-stranded copy (T-strand) of transferred DNA (T-DNA) molecule by the bacterial virulence machinery, its transfer into the host cell followed by integration into the host genome (for recent reviews, see Gelvin, 2003; McCullen an ...
... biotechnology. The transformation results from the production of a single-stranded copy (T-strand) of transferred DNA (T-DNA) molecule by the bacterial virulence machinery, its transfer into the host cell followed by integration into the host genome (for recent reviews, see Gelvin, 2003; McCullen an ...
Brennan - Journal of Experimental Biology
... As a result of the differential selective pressures in each environment, we hypothesized that each population would exhibit its most efficient acclimation in its native environment and that transcriptional responses could be used to illuminate the mechanisms underlying osmoregulation capabilities. E ...
... As a result of the differential selective pressures in each environment, we hypothesized that each population would exhibit its most efficient acclimation in its native environment and that transcriptional responses could be used to illuminate the mechanisms underlying osmoregulation capabilities. E ...
Asymmetric adhesion of rod-shaped bacteria controls microcolony
... individual cells within WT microcolonies of E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Figure S1A) growing between a soft agarose gel (1%) and a glass coverslip (Fig. 1A, Movie S1). Surprisingly, bacteria elongate at the same rate regardless of their position within the microcolony (Figure S1B). As a result bacteri ...
... individual cells within WT microcolonies of E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Figure S1A) growing between a soft agarose gel (1%) and a glass coverslip (Fig. 1A, Movie S1). Surprisingly, bacteria elongate at the same rate regardless of their position within the microcolony (Figure S1B). As a result bacteri ...
Differentiation-associated changes in CD44 isoform expression
... Neoplastic transformation may also alter the adhesive characteristics of primitive hematopoietic cells with associated changes in their turnover and tissue distribution. For example, in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a multilineage clonal malignancy believed to arise as a result of the formation of ...
... Neoplastic transformation may also alter the adhesive characteristics of primitive hematopoietic cells with associated changes in their turnover and tissue distribution. For example, in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a multilineage clonal malignancy believed to arise as a result of the formation of ...
The Submicroscopic Structure of the Drosophila Egg
... (Fig. 1). (All figure numbers refer to the Plates.) The remainder of the nucleus appears considerably lighter than the cytoplasm. The membrane does not show any clear signs of doubleness, but bears a series of pores of about 650 A diameter (Figs. 4,19). The oocyte nucleus retains this appearance thr ...
... (Fig. 1). (All figure numbers refer to the Plates.) The remainder of the nucleus appears considerably lighter than the cytoplasm. The membrane does not show any clear signs of doubleness, but bears a series of pores of about 650 A diameter (Figs. 4,19). The oocyte nucleus retains this appearance thr ...
reviews - London Health Sciences Centre
... shedding of cells from a primary tumour into the circulation, survival of the cells in the circulation, arrest in a new organ, extravasation into the surrounding tissue, initiation and maintenance of growth, and vascularization of the metastatic tumour. • Some types of tumour show an organ-specific ...
... shedding of cells from a primary tumour into the circulation, survival of the cells in the circulation, arrest in a new organ, extravasation into the surrounding tissue, initiation and maintenance of growth, and vascularization of the metastatic tumour. • Some types of tumour show an organ-specific ...
Redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases during receptor
... Intriguing findings suggest that redox regulation of PTPs might be of pathophysiological significance. For example, recent reports have shown reduced basalinduced and growth-factor-induced ROS production in conditions of cell-growth inhibition [45,46]. Thus, antiproliferative conditions might shift ...
... Intriguing findings suggest that redox regulation of PTPs might be of pathophysiological significance. For example, recent reports have shown reduced basalinduced and growth-factor-induced ROS production in conditions of cell-growth inhibition [45,46]. Thus, antiproliferative conditions might shift ...
5. Parvoviral Host Range and Cell Entry Mechanisms.
... this is an ancient and widely dispersed virus family with, apparently, a single evolutionary branch that became adapted to vertebrate hosts. Members of the subfamily Parvovirinae have been divided into five genera on the basis of DNA and protein sequence-based phylogenetic analyses: these are the Pa ...
... this is an ancient and widely dispersed virus family with, apparently, a single evolutionary branch that became adapted to vertebrate hosts. Members of the subfamily Parvovirinae have been divided into five genera on the basis of DNA and protein sequence-based phylogenetic analyses: these are the Pa ...
New metal complexes as potential therapeutics
... Much research attention has been paid to platinum complexes as potential anticancer drugs because of the success of cisplatin. Cisplatin, cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) (Figure 1), one of most widely used anticancer drugs, is effective in treating a variety of cancers, especially testicular cance ...
... Much research attention has been paid to platinum complexes as potential anticancer drugs because of the success of cisplatin. Cisplatin, cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) (Figure 1), one of most widely used anticancer drugs, is effective in treating a variety of cancers, especially testicular cance ...
Changes in some factors of the innate... and serum zinc and iron concentrations ...
... and lysozyme with the object of controlling the infection until an immune response can be mobilized. Phagocytosis by white blood cells (monocytes and neutrophils) and tissue macrophages is one of the dominant defence mechanisms and there is no doubt that LPS suppresses it (Wonderling, Ghaffar & Maye ...
... and lysozyme with the object of controlling the infection until an immune response can be mobilized. Phagocytosis by white blood cells (monocytes and neutrophils) and tissue macrophages is one of the dominant defence mechanisms and there is no doubt that LPS suppresses it (Wonderling, Ghaffar & Maye ...
Adipocyte lipolysis links obesity to breast cancer growth: adipocyte
... energy required for biomass synthesis, migration, and invasion [2]. Much attention has centered on glucose and glutamine metabolism as substrates for these altered pathways, in particular, as precursors for de novo lipogenesis in oncogenic cell proliferation [3–5], yet the contribution of extracellu ...
... energy required for biomass synthesis, migration, and invasion [2]. Much attention has centered on glucose and glutamine metabolism as substrates for these altered pathways, in particular, as precursors for de novo lipogenesis in oncogenic cell proliferation [3–5], yet the contribution of extracellu ...
Patent ductus arteriosus in mice with smooth muscle
... gene deletions. Endothelial-specific Jag1 deletion has been reported previously (High et al., 2008) using an independently generated Jag1 conditional allele. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of our Jag1 conditional allele (Kiernan et al., 2006) yielded results identical to those published previous ...
... gene deletions. Endothelial-specific Jag1 deletion has been reported previously (High et al., 2008) using an independently generated Jag1 conditional allele. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of our Jag1 conditional allele (Kiernan et al., 2006) yielded results identical to those published previous ...
Early steps in cold sensing by plant cells: the role of actin
... levels for the replacement histone H3.2 protein and for the putative L5 ribosomal protein from alfalfa were determined. The H3.2 (Robertson et al., 1996) and L5 (Asemota et al., 1994) transcripts are constitutively expressed in alfalfa. Both the L5 and H3.2 transcript levels, which are not detectabl ...
... levels for the replacement histone H3.2 protein and for the putative L5 ribosomal protein from alfalfa were determined. The H3.2 (Robertson et al., 1996) and L5 (Asemota et al., 1994) transcripts are constitutively expressed in alfalfa. Both the L5 and H3.2 transcript levels, which are not detectabl ...
Mapping the Synthetic Dosage Lethality Network of CDK1/CDC28
... 2012). For instance, we recently reported an SGA screen in which we used low doses of 1-NM-PP1 that partially reduced the growth of cdc28-as1 single mutants, and screened for deletion mutants that aggravated the growth defect of the cdc28-as1 mutant. This screen identified 107 genes that are essenti ...
... 2012). For instance, we recently reported an SGA screen in which we used low doses of 1-NM-PP1 that partially reduced the growth of cdc28-as1 single mutants, and screened for deletion mutants that aggravated the growth defect of the cdc28-as1 mutant. This screen identified 107 genes that are essenti ...
Understanding the role of growth factors in embryonic development
... proliferation [25]. More recent studies in this same in vitro model have shown that while a prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with and necessary for fibre cell differentiation, it was not sufficient for this process to proceed normally [27]. Thus, while these studies underscore the req ...
... proliferation [25]. More recent studies in this same in vitro model have shown that while a prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with and necessary for fibre cell differentiation, it was not sufficient for this process to proceed normally [27]. Thus, while these studies underscore the req ...
b. non-vascular plants - Mrs. Harter
... Almost everything around us can be broken down into simpler substances. These substances can be further broken down into other simpler substances. There is a point where substances can no longer be broken down into other substances while keeping their characteristic properties. These substances are ...
... Almost everything around us can be broken down into simpler substances. These substances can be further broken down into other simpler substances. There is a point where substances can no longer be broken down into other substances while keeping their characteristic properties. These substances are ...
REVIEWS
... are involved in this process are associated with speckles, in addition to being present at transcription sites. Although, at present, it is unclear what determines the subset of transcription factors that are localized to nuclear speckles, their presence might relate to the assembly of higher-order ...
... are involved in this process are associated with speckles, in addition to being present at transcription sites. Although, at present, it is unclear what determines the subset of transcription factors that are localized to nuclear speckles, their presence might relate to the assembly of higher-order ...
pdf-Dokument - Universität Bonn
... thaliana genome, there are 15 proteins with ARFGAP domains (named AGD115) which are classified as ARFGAP Domain (AGD) proteins. These proteins have been highly conserved during the evolution of eukaryotes. In this thesis, the cellular role of an ARFGAP (AGD5) has been investigated. This group of pro ...
... thaliana genome, there are 15 proteins with ARFGAP domains (named AGD115) which are classified as ARFGAP Domain (AGD) proteins. These proteins have been highly conserved during the evolution of eukaryotes. In this thesis, the cellular role of an ARFGAP (AGD5) has been investigated. This group of pro ...
Cell Membrane Electroporation—Part 2
... also emphasized the influence of parameter choice (temperature, electric pulses, etc.) on the efficacy of GET [44]–[46]. In spite of its extensive use, the precise molecular mechanism of GET has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus the process of DNA entry to the cell is more complex than simple diff ...
... also emphasized the influence of parameter choice (temperature, electric pulses, etc.) on the efficacy of GET [44]–[46]. In spite of its extensive use, the precise molecular mechanism of GET has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus the process of DNA entry to the cell is more complex than simple diff ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.