CD133 CXCR4 colon cancer cells exhibit metastatic potential and predict poor prognosis
... of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that a subset of cells exists among cancer stem cells. This distinct subpopulation is thought to contribute to liver metastasis; however, it has not been fully explored in CRC yet. Methods: Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect ...
... of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that a subset of cells exists among cancer stem cells. This distinct subpopulation is thought to contribute to liver metastasis; however, it has not been fully explored in CRC yet. Methods: Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect ...
Neuron-to-Cell Spread of Pseudorabies Virus in a
... were carefully harvested by scraping the bottom of the dish using the pointed end of a gel-loading tip. The cells and medium were then pooled, freeze-thawed, and titered on PK15 cells. Studying axon-mediated infection of neuronal cell bodies. Briefly, neurons were grown and cultured as described in ...
... were carefully harvested by scraping the bottom of the dish using the pointed end of a gel-loading tip. The cells and medium were then pooled, freeze-thawed, and titered on PK15 cells. Studying axon-mediated infection of neuronal cell bodies. Briefly, neurons were grown and cultured as described in ...
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... cells [11]. However, PAKs were shown to play a limited role in the anti-apoptotic activity of PRV US3 [12]. EHV-1 and EHV-4 are members of the genus Varicellovirus in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily [13,14]. Although closely related as reflected by extensive similarity of the amino acid sequences o ...
... cells [11]. However, PAKs were shown to play a limited role in the anti-apoptotic activity of PRV US3 [12]. EHV-1 and EHV-4 are members of the genus Varicellovirus in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily [13,14]. Although closely related as reflected by extensive similarity of the amino acid sequences o ...
Energetics and genetics across the prokaryote
... a branching tree nor a reticular network, but what amounts to an unbranching trunk (Figure 2). Only certain forms of inheritance could begin to explain such a trunk. Being inherently asymmetric, lateral gene transfer surely cannot explain the universality of eukaryotic basal traits: it is far more l ...
... a branching tree nor a reticular network, but what amounts to an unbranching trunk (Figure 2). Only certain forms of inheritance could begin to explain such a trunk. Being inherently asymmetric, lateral gene transfer surely cannot explain the universality of eukaryotic basal traits: it is far more l ...
Thomas Auditorium Test - Tarleton State University
... much yolk do mammalian eggs have? How are blastocysts organized? What is the trophoblast layer? What is the inner cell mass Which cells give rise to the embryo proper? ...
... much yolk do mammalian eggs have? How are blastocysts organized? What is the trophoblast layer? What is the inner cell mass Which cells give rise to the embryo proper? ...
Recovery of the resurrection plant Craterostigma wilmsii from
... taken for this protection to be instituted is thought to preclude recovery after rapid drying. Thus the response of C. wilmsii plants to rapid dehydration was investigated. The effect of rapid drying on sucrose accumulation was determined and the cellular ultrastructure was investigated during natur ...
... taken for this protection to be instituted is thought to preclude recovery after rapid drying. Thus the response of C. wilmsii plants to rapid dehydration was investigated. The effect of rapid drying on sucrose accumulation was determined and the cellular ultrastructure was investigated during natur ...
Neuronal body size correlates with the number of nucleoli
... rates have demonstrated that differences in cell size correspond to differences in RNA content and a tight correlation has also been shown to exist between transcription rates and RNA:DNA ratios in cells from adult rodents (Schmidt and Schibler, 1995). Moreover, the effect of transcription on cellul ...
... rates have demonstrated that differences in cell size correspond to differences in RNA content and a tight correlation has also been shown to exist between transcription rates and RNA:DNA ratios in cells from adult rodents (Schmidt and Schibler, 1995). Moreover, the effect of transcription on cellul ...
Transcriptionally repressed germ cells lack a
... One possibility is that newly transcribed mRNAs are rapidly ...
... One possibility is that newly transcribed mRNAs are rapidly ...
Transcriptionally repressed germ cells lack a subpopulation of
... One possibility is that newly transcribed mRNAs are rapidly ...
... One possibility is that newly transcribed mRNAs are rapidly ...
- The Journal of Clinical Investigation
... study in a specific adult context, methods to achieve gene inactivation in a regulatable or tissue-restricted manner are desired. Both yeast (5–7) and phage (8–18) site-specific recombinases have been used to achieve targeted recombination of mammalian genes. Thus, regulated expression of recombinas ...
... study in a specific adult context, methods to achieve gene inactivation in a regulatable or tissue-restricted manner are desired. Both yeast (5–7) and phage (8–18) site-specific recombinases have been used to achieve targeted recombination of mammalian genes. Thus, regulated expression of recombinas ...
Lactose Uptake Driven by Galactose Efflux in Streptococcus
... Organisms and growth conditions. S. thermophilus TS2 was used for all experiments. This strain is unable to ferment free galactose and excretes galactose into the extracellular environment when grown in medium containing excess lactose (21, 22). The organism was routinely propagated at 42°C in Ellik ...
... Organisms and growth conditions. S. thermophilus TS2 was used for all experiments. This strain is unable to ferment free galactose and excretes galactose into the extracellular environment when grown in medium containing excess lactose (21, 22). The organism was routinely propagated at 42°C in Ellik ...
BCL-6 Negatively Regulates Expression of the NF- p50 Subunit B1 p105/
... of NF-B (19 –21). In the macrophage/osteoclast lineage, a homodimeric cytokine, CSF-1, is the primary regulator of survival, proliferation, and differentiation (reviewed in Ref. 22). Major events triggered by engagement of the CSF-1 receptor, c-Fms, include activation of STAT1, STAT3, the MAPK, and ...
... of NF-B (19 –21). In the macrophage/osteoclast lineage, a homodimeric cytokine, CSF-1, is the primary regulator of survival, proliferation, and differentiation (reviewed in Ref. 22). Major events triggered by engagement of the CSF-1 receptor, c-Fms, include activation of STAT1, STAT3, the MAPK, and ...
The Sympathetic Nerve—An Integrative Interface between Two
... hardwired by noradrenergic nerve terminals but also the immune cells, thereby the immune system is tuned by norepinephrine (NE) released locally from nonsynaptic varicosities or circulating epinephrine secreted by the adrenal medulla. Therefore, the SNS provides another major integrative and regulat ...
... hardwired by noradrenergic nerve terminals but also the immune cells, thereby the immune system is tuned by norepinephrine (NE) released locally from nonsynaptic varicosities or circulating epinephrine secreted by the adrenal medulla. Therefore, the SNS provides another major integrative and regulat ...
p53 Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Repressed by a Dominant
... HeLa (cervical carcinoma), A293 (embryonic kidney epithelial cells transRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 85% of all formed with DNA of adenovirus type 5), and LNCaP (prostate adenocarcikidney cancers. Approximately 30,000 patients in the United States noma)] were purchased from ...
... HeLa (cervical carcinoma), A293 (embryonic kidney epithelial cells transRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 85% of all formed with DNA of adenovirus type 5), and LNCaP (prostate adenocarcikidney cancers. Approximately 30,000 patients in the United States noma)] were purchased from ...
Characterization of rat epimorphin/syntaxin 2 expression suggests a
... identity with other members of the syntaxin family (3). These integral membrane proteins act as target membrane receptors for vesicle docking and fusion in a variety of tissues, including neurons and nonneuronal secretory tissues such as pancreas, where they play a role in calcium-regulated exocytos ...
... identity with other members of the syntaxin family (3). These integral membrane proteins act as target membrane receptors for vesicle docking and fusion in a variety of tissues, including neurons and nonneuronal secretory tissues such as pancreas, where they play a role in calcium-regulated exocytos ...
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... developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in mammals, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is known to work as a major Hh input that induces biological impact of Hh signaling on the endochondral ossification. Ihh is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic ...
... developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in mammals, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is known to work as a major Hh input that induces biological impact of Hh signaling on the endochondral ossification. Ihh is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic ...
The Role of the Arabidopsis ELD1 Gene in Cell
... and axr2 (auxin resistant2; Timpte et al., 1992). These diverse mutant phenotypes suggest that different signaling pathways interact in regulating cell division, growth, and differentiation. Many more genes and mutants must be identified and studied to decipher these pathways and their interactions. ...
... and axr2 (auxin resistant2; Timpte et al., 1992). These diverse mutant phenotypes suggest that different signaling pathways interact in regulating cell division, growth, and differentiation. Many more genes and mutants must be identified and studied to decipher these pathways and their interactions. ...
Medicinal Chemistry of Antifungal Agents
... Fungal infections fall into two distinct categories: ...
... Fungal infections fall into two distinct categories: ...
Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production
... expression in this cell line mimic, to some extent, what is seen in primary macrophages [36]. That is, PPARg is the predominant subtype expressed in RAW cells under the present culture conditions. IFNg had no effect on PPARg expression, which is consistent with a previous study [37]. Both PPARa and ...
... expression in this cell line mimic, to some extent, what is seen in primary macrophages [36]. That is, PPARg is the predominant subtype expressed in RAW cells under the present culture conditions. IFNg had no effect on PPARg expression, which is consistent with a previous study [37]. Both PPARa and ...
www.XtremePapers.com
... As part of CIE’s continual commitment to maintaining best practice in assessment, CIE uses different variants of some question papers for our most popular assessments with large and widespread candidature. The question papers are closely related and the relationships between them have been thoroughl ...
... As part of CIE’s continual commitment to maintaining best practice in assessment, CIE uses different variants of some question papers for our most popular assessments with large and widespread candidature. The question papers are closely related and the relationships between them have been thoroughl ...
VASCULAR TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
Malpighian tubules and formation of uric acid
... the charge. These ions move across the cytoplasm of the cell, the so-called transcellular pathway. Note the potassium-chloride and sodium-chloride symporters, the proton-potassium and proton-sodium antiporters and the ion channels. The flux of ions across the epithelial cell also draws across water, ...
... the charge. These ions move across the cytoplasm of the cell, the so-called transcellular pathway. Note the potassium-chloride and sodium-chloride symporters, the proton-potassium and proton-sodium antiporters and the ion channels. The flux of ions across the epithelial cell also draws across water, ...
Influence of genotype and nutrition on survival and metabolism of starving yeast.
... like phosphate or sulfate. We measured the survival of yeast auxotrophs upon starvation for different nutrients and found substantial differences: When deprived of leucine or uracil, viability declined exponentially with a half-life of <2 days, whereas when the same strains were deprived of phosphat ...
... like phosphate or sulfate. We measured the survival of yeast auxotrophs upon starvation for different nutrients and found substantial differences: When deprived of leucine or uracil, viability declined exponentially with a half-life of <2 days, whereas when the same strains were deprived of phosphat ...
Differences in Whole-Cell and Single
... channels mediate a net outward K⫹ current, they can also allow a significant Zn2⫹ permeation (i.e. influx). In addition, single-channel recordings allowed us to identify an infrequent type of plasma membrane divalent cation channel that also can mediate Zn2⫹ influx. We propose that the different K⫹ ...
... channels mediate a net outward K⫹ current, they can also allow a significant Zn2⫹ permeation (i.e. influx). In addition, single-channel recordings allowed us to identify an infrequent type of plasma membrane divalent cation channel that also can mediate Zn2⫹ influx. We propose that the different K⫹ ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.