Identification of a host protein essential for assembly of immature
... or HuHP68±GST to reactions programmed with immunodepleted extract produced a threefold increase in the amount of 750S capsid, restoring 750S capsids to levels seen in non-depleted extracts (Fig. 4c and data not shown). This reconstitution had no effect on Gag synthesis, indicating a post-translation ...
... or HuHP68±GST to reactions programmed with immunodepleted extract produced a threefold increase in the amount of 750S capsid, restoring 750S capsids to levels seen in non-depleted extracts (Fig. 4c and data not shown). This reconstitution had no effect on Gag synthesis, indicating a post-translation ...
2010118-1045242010PJ..
... active-site motif ExDxE, which is conserved in glycoside hydrolase family 16 (Nishitani, 1997; Campbell and Braam, 1999; Henrissat et al., 2001; Johansson et al., 2004; Baumann et al., 2007). The presence of a signal peptide for entry into the secretory pathway, and one or more N-linked glycosylatio ...
... active-site motif ExDxE, which is conserved in glycoside hydrolase family 16 (Nishitani, 1997; Campbell and Braam, 1999; Henrissat et al., 2001; Johansson et al., 2004; Baumann et al., 2007). The presence of a signal peptide for entry into the secretory pathway, and one or more N-linked glycosylatio ...
Basic Research Grants Funded for 2012
... Research Strategy: We have identified a protein called alpha-COP that interacts with SMN and will investigate whether this interaction is necessary for normal maturation and function of motor neurons. First, we have generated a cell culture model of SMN depletion, which can be used as a biological a ...
... Research Strategy: We have identified a protein called alpha-COP that interacts with SMN and will investigate whether this interaction is necessary for normal maturation and function of motor neurons. First, we have generated a cell culture model of SMN depletion, which can be used as a biological a ...
Verticillium Infection Triggers VASCULAR
... (Baayen, 1986). These two anatomical studies provided early descriptive evidence for pathogen-induced developmental reprogramming of host plant vascular tissues and were interpreted as a compensatory response to maintain functionality. Insight into the underlying molecular machinery is, however, lac ...
... (Baayen, 1986). These two anatomical studies provided early descriptive evidence for pathogen-induced developmental reprogramming of host plant vascular tissues and were interpreted as a compensatory response to maintain functionality. Insight into the underlying molecular machinery is, however, lac ...
KINGDOM PROTISTA
... microscopes improved, we learned about microscopically-small organisms, and tackled grouping them as well; this was when the name “protists” arose. By the mid-1900s, we had learned that there were different types of cells, and by the later 1900s we determined that there were different kinds of proka ...
... microscopes improved, we learned about microscopically-small organisms, and tackled grouping them as well; this was when the name “protists” arose. By the mid-1900s, we had learned that there were different types of cells, and by the later 1900s we determined that there were different kinds of proka ...
Maturing reticulocytes internalize plasma membrane
... Institute for Transfusion Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom; 2National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom; and Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol School of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom ...
... Institute for Transfusion Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom; 2National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom; and Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol School of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom ...
Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan
... 3D, 3G, Movie SM7B). Likewise, addition of PC190723, an inhibitor of FtsZ GTP hydrolysis (25) halted FtsZ movement (Fig. 3E, Movie SM8A). Conversely, expression of MciZ, a protein that increases the rate of FtsZ filament turnover (26), increased FtsZ velocity (Fig. 3F, 3H, Movie S7C). We next tested ...
... 3D, 3G, Movie SM7B). Likewise, addition of PC190723, an inhibitor of FtsZ GTP hydrolysis (25) halted FtsZ movement (Fig. 3E, Movie SM8A). Conversely, expression of MciZ, a protein that increases the rate of FtsZ filament turnover (26), increased FtsZ velocity (Fig. 3F, 3H, Movie S7C). We next tested ...
Interaction of the Two Frontal Eye Fields Before Saccade Onset
... superior colliculus (SC) (Sparks and Hartwich-Young 1989). Each of these structures has its assortment of visual, ...
... superior colliculus (SC) (Sparks and Hartwich-Young 1989). Each of these structures has its assortment of visual, ...
PDF
... per gonad arm that can be detected at any given time is very low [4.0 apoptotic germ cells on average in hermaphrodites 48 hours post the fourth larval (L4) stage] (Gumienny et al., 1999). For this reason, we analyzed constitutive germ cell apoptosis in the background of ced-6(n2095). n2095 is a los ...
... per gonad arm that can be detected at any given time is very low [4.0 apoptotic germ cells on average in hermaphrodites 48 hours post the fourth larval (L4) stage] (Gumienny et al., 1999). For this reason, we analyzed constitutive germ cell apoptosis in the background of ced-6(n2095). n2095 is a los ...
Experimental approaches to study plant cell walls during plant
... At a broad scale, measurement of cell wall metabolites has been well-defined for decades. Neutral and acidic polysaccharides (Blakeney et al., 1983), acid insoluble and soluble glucose (Updegraff, 1969), soluble and insoluble lignin fractions (NREL, 2000) and the linkages between glycosyl units (Ton ...
... At a broad scale, measurement of cell wall metabolites has been well-defined for decades. Neutral and acidic polysaccharides (Blakeney et al., 1983), acid insoluble and soluble glucose (Updegraff, 1969), soluble and insoluble lignin fractions (NREL, 2000) and the linkages between glycosyl units (Ton ...
Breakdown of Tolerance to a Neo
... Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a foreign Ag, hen egg lysozyme (HEL), under control of the ␣A-crystallin promoter (“HEL-Tg” mice) develop immunotolerance to HEL attributed to the expression of HEL in their thymus. In this paper we analyzed the immune response in double (Dbl)-Tg mice generated by mat ...
... Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a foreign Ag, hen egg lysozyme (HEL), under control of the ␣A-crystallin promoter (“HEL-Tg” mice) develop immunotolerance to HEL attributed to the expression of HEL in their thymus. In this paper we analyzed the immune response in double (Dbl)-Tg mice generated by mat ...
A primer on the mouse basal body
... While it is unclear whether basal bodies of distinct types of cilia contain sets of proteins unique to that ciliary type, the structure of the cilium itself can vary in ways that may be dependent on the basal body [17]. One example is the transition zone, a region between the basal body and cilium c ...
... While it is unclear whether basal bodies of distinct types of cilia contain sets of proteins unique to that ciliary type, the structure of the cilium itself can vary in ways that may be dependent on the basal body [17]. One example is the transition zone, a region between the basal body and cilium c ...
Chlorophyll is not the primary photoreceptor for the
... de-etiolation, light stimulates the growth of dicot leaves by extensive cell enlargement with a high ¯uence rate optimum of >100 lmol photons cm)2 s)1 (Butler 1963; Sale and Vince 1963; Van Volkenburgh et al. 1990; Stahlberg and Van Volkenburgh 1999). In many cases light does so by causing cell wall ...
... de-etiolation, light stimulates the growth of dicot leaves by extensive cell enlargement with a high ¯uence rate optimum of >100 lmol photons cm)2 s)1 (Butler 1963; Sale and Vince 1963; Van Volkenburgh et al. 1990; Stahlberg and Van Volkenburgh 1999). In many cases light does so by causing cell wall ...
Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus MicroRNA
... of gene expression during lytic infection in permissive cells. Some miRNAs have been shown to suppress virus replication, which could help HCMV to establish or maintain latent infection. However, HCMV miRNA expression has not been comprehensively examined and compared using cell culture systems repr ...
... of gene expression during lytic infection in permissive cells. Some miRNAs have been shown to suppress virus replication, which could help HCMV to establish or maintain latent infection. However, HCMV miRNA expression has not been comprehensively examined and compared using cell culture systems repr ...
Single Cell Analysis of RNA-mediated Histone H3.3 Transcription Site
... the Drosophila male pronucleus (15–17). Additionally, CHD2 regulates H3.3 assembly at MyoD and myogenic regulatory sequences and is also required for differentiation (18). The diversity of RI H3.3 chromatin assembly factors and the incorporation of H3.3 into both active and silent loci indicate that ...
... the Drosophila male pronucleus (15–17). Additionally, CHD2 regulates H3.3 assembly at MyoD and myogenic regulatory sequences and is also required for differentiation (18). The diversity of RI H3.3 chromatin assembly factors and the incorporation of H3.3 into both active and silent loci indicate that ...
Disruption of gradient expression of Zic3 resulted in abnormal intra
... (Fig. 3C,E,F), similar as reported in mouse (Nagai et al., 1997). Within the retina, Zic3 appears to be expressed in the undifferentiated progenitor cell population. The graded expression of Zic3 is consistently periphery-high and center-low in the undifferentiated cell population at all development ...
... (Fig. 3C,E,F), similar as reported in mouse (Nagai et al., 1997). Within the retina, Zic3 appears to be expressed in the undifferentiated progenitor cell population. The graded expression of Zic3 is consistently periphery-high and center-low in the undifferentiated cell population at all development ...
appearance and function of endogenous peroxidase in fetal rat thyroid
... many of them have been identified as cross-sectioned profiles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum . The Golgi apparatus is present and in fortuitous sections its inner few lamellae stain for peroxidase (Fig . 7) . In most cells cytoplasmic ribosomes do not stain for peroxidase, but sometimes in cells ...
... many of them have been identified as cross-sectioned profiles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum . The Golgi apparatus is present and in fortuitous sections its inner few lamellae stain for peroxidase (Fig . 7) . In most cells cytoplasmic ribosomes do not stain for peroxidase, but sometimes in cells ...
Functional coupling of microtubules to membranes
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
Mycobacterium leprae interactions with the host cell: recent
... be harvested from laboratory animals, e.g., the sciatic nerves of rats, or can be isolated from humans. These cells can also be immortalized 16 . Schwannoma cells, in particular the ST 8814 Schwannoma cell line 17 , have also been used to model the primary cell system 18,19 . A disadvantage of the S ...
... be harvested from laboratory animals, e.g., the sciatic nerves of rats, or can be isolated from humans. These cells can also be immortalized 16 . Schwannoma cells, in particular the ST 8814 Schwannoma cell line 17 , have also been used to model the primary cell system 18,19 . A disadvantage of the S ...
Macrophage- and dendritic cell–dependent
... the MZ express phenotypic markers typically associated with macrophages and have been referred to as myeloid DCs.9 In vitro–derived myeloid DCs initiate humoral immune responses in mice to TI antigens, expressed by the intact gram-positive extracellular bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.10 Recently, ...
... the MZ express phenotypic markers typically associated with macrophages and have been referred to as myeloid DCs.9 In vitro–derived myeloid DCs initiate humoral immune responses in mice to TI antigens, expressed by the intact gram-positive extracellular bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.10 Recently, ...
Barley MLA Immune Receptors Directly Interfere
... against the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) (Seeholzer et al., 2010). MLA1 strain-specific disease resistance to Bgh and cell death signaling of other tested MLA recognition specificities is evolutionarily conserved in different plant lineages (i.e. in transgenic Arabi ...
... against the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) (Seeholzer et al., 2010). MLA1 strain-specific disease resistance to Bgh and cell death signaling of other tested MLA recognition specificities is evolutionarily conserved in different plant lineages (i.e. in transgenic Arabi ...
DDX3 functions in antiviral innate immunity through translational
... mRNAs that contain a long or structured 50 UTR in mammalian cells [13–15]. Given that the RNA helicase activity of DDX3 is required for its function in translational control [13–15], we propose that DDX3 may facilitate ribosome scanning by resolving secondary structures in the 50 UTR of selected mRN ...
... mRNAs that contain a long or structured 50 UTR in mammalian cells [13–15]. Given that the RNA helicase activity of DDX3 is required for its function in translational control [13–15], we propose that DDX3 may facilitate ribosome scanning by resolving secondary structures in the 50 UTR of selected mRN ...
1-Tubulin mRNAs Are Specified by the First 13
... These intermediates were then used to initiate a second phase of deletions, this time involving the processive removal of tubulin-coding sequences from the 3' end. After cleavage at the unique EcoRI site located in the M13 polylinker 3' to the tubulin sequences, exonuclease III and mung bean nucleas ...
... These intermediates were then used to initiate a second phase of deletions, this time involving the processive removal of tubulin-coding sequences from the 3' end. After cleavage at the unique EcoRI site located in the M13 polylinker 3' to the tubulin sequences, exonuclease III and mung bean nucleas ...
Patterning the Xenopus blastula - Development
... Drosophila initiated by the Wingless secreted protein (Fig. 3). 1994b). This indicates that, as in Drosophila, β-catenin may lie This wingless-initiated pathway has been shown to be of downstream of a Wnt signal. critical importance in the patterning of the Drosophila (c) Molecules upstream of β-cat ...
... Drosophila initiated by the Wingless secreted protein (Fig. 3). 1994b). This indicates that, as in Drosophila, β-catenin may lie This wingless-initiated pathway has been shown to be of downstream of a Wnt signal. critical importance in the patterning of the Drosophila (c) Molecules upstream of β-cat ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.