Farnesoid X Receptor Ligands Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
... PDGF-BB–stimulated conditions was abolished by 6ECDCA. In slight contrast, PDGF-BB–stimulated but not basal HASMC migration was inhibited by 6ECDCA. This difference most likely reflects that the RASMC cell line is already partially active in culture (as seen by low levels of basally expressed iNOS a ...
... PDGF-BB–stimulated conditions was abolished by 6ECDCA. In slight contrast, PDGF-BB–stimulated but not basal HASMC migration was inhibited by 6ECDCA. This difference most likely reflects that the RASMC cell line is already partially active in culture (as seen by low levels of basally expressed iNOS a ...
University of Groningen Carbohydrate production by
... cells and colonial cells, e.g. with respect to polymer size or number of branches. Therefore, chrysolaminaran from colonial cells may not be fully degraded by the enzyme laminarinase. Alternatively, there may be a different type of glucan produced by colonial Phaeocystis cells. If there is another t ...
... cells and colonial cells, e.g. with respect to polymer size or number of branches. Therefore, chrysolaminaran from colonial cells may not be fully degraded by the enzyme laminarinase. Alternatively, there may be a different type of glucan produced by colonial Phaeocystis cells. If there is another t ...
The Mitotic Arrest in Response to Hypoxia and of Polar Bodies
... was found to develop up to the pupal stages. The great majority of the Mps11 homozygotes died as pharate adults, but a small fraction eclosed with rough eyes and bent wings (0.03% at 25⬚C, 0.15% at 18⬚C). The premature lethality of Mps11 homozygotes was completely prevented by a transgene (gEGFP-Mps ...
... was found to develop up to the pupal stages. The great majority of the Mps11 homozygotes died as pharate adults, but a small fraction eclosed with rough eyes and bent wings (0.03% at 25⬚C, 0.15% at 18⬚C). The premature lethality of Mps11 homozygotes was completely prevented by a transgene (gEGFP-Mps ...
Dynamics of Cell Movement and Tissue Motion in Gastrulation and
... One of the major characteristics of living organisms is the high degree of order of their constituent parts, which takes form especially during early stages of embryonic development. Embryo development in all species follows the same pattern: first the developmental axes are laid down, then cells di ...
... One of the major characteristics of living organisms is the high degree of order of their constituent parts, which takes form especially during early stages of embryonic development. Embryo development in all species follows the same pattern: first the developmental axes are laid down, then cells di ...
PDF
... blastemata exhibited a scarcity of cells and further growth of the regenerating spinal cord or fin was not observed. The epidermis became thickened and squamous and was accompanied by heavy molting. The results obtained with hydrocortisone treatment were comparable to those in which hormones were om ...
... blastemata exhibited a scarcity of cells and further growth of the regenerating spinal cord or fin was not observed. The epidermis became thickened and squamous and was accompanied by heavy molting. The results obtained with hydrocortisone treatment were comparable to those in which hormones were om ...
fist: an Arabidopsis mutant with altered cell division planes and
... segregated with the T-DNA selectable marker gene (neomycin phosphotransferase) and the mutation was shown to be linked to a single T-DNA insertion following gel blot analysis of 50 segregants (Meinke 1985; Errampalli et al. 1991; segregation data not shown). Figure 1 illustrates gel blot analysis of ...
... segregated with the T-DNA selectable marker gene (neomycin phosphotransferase) and the mutation was shown to be linked to a single T-DNA insertion following gel blot analysis of 50 segregants (Meinke 1985; Errampalli et al. 1991; segregation data not shown). Figure 1 illustrates gel blot analysis of ...
Pectin methylesterases: cell wall enzymes with important roles in
... It is widely accepted that pectins are polymerized in the cis Golgi, methylesterified in the medial Golgi and substituted with side chains in the trans Golgi cisternae4. Pectins are secreted into the wall as ...
... It is widely accepted that pectins are polymerized in the cis Golgi, methylesterified in the medial Golgi and substituted with side chains in the trans Golgi cisternae4. Pectins are secreted into the wall as ...
Lecture 12 - Meiosis
... “We are going to die, and that makes us the lucky ones. Most people are never going to die because they are never going to be born. The potential people who could have been here in my place but who will in fact never see the light of day outnumber the sand grains of Arabia. Certainly those unborn g ...
... “We are going to die, and that makes us the lucky ones. Most people are never going to die because they are never going to be born. The potential people who could have been here in my place but who will in fact never see the light of day outnumber the sand grains of Arabia. Certainly those unborn g ...
Article Full Text - Aerosol and Air Quality Research
... ratio of viable bacterial cells to total bacterial cells) by measuring total and non-viable cells with different dyes and obtained the viability by subtracting non-viable cell counts from total cell counts. A counter, the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UV-APS) which is a fluorescence-based ...
... ratio of viable bacterial cells to total bacterial cells) by measuring total and non-viable cells with different dyes and obtained the viability by subtracting non-viable cell counts from total cell counts. A counter, the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UV-APS) which is a fluorescence-based ...
Mechanism and Function of a Newly Identified CpG DNA Motif in
... (A. M. Krieg, unpublished observations). In human PBMCs, synthetic phosphodiester ODNs with hexamer palindromic sequences containing a central CpG dinucleotide have been described as inducing IFN-␣ synthesis (25). To date, the most active phosphorothioate oligonucleotide reported to stimulate human ...
... (A. M. Krieg, unpublished observations). In human PBMCs, synthetic phosphodiester ODNs with hexamer palindromic sequences containing a central CpG dinucleotide have been described as inducing IFN-␣ synthesis (25). To date, the most active phosphorothioate oligonucleotide reported to stimulate human ...
SEDS proteins are a widespread family of bacterial
... by high-throughput sequencing (MutSeq)29. Among the residues identified in our screen (Supplementary Table 1, Extended Data Fig. 5a), we chose two (W105 and D280) predicted to be in the second and fourth extracellular loops of RodA (Extended Data Fig. 5). Alanine substitutions at either position ab ...
... by high-throughput sequencing (MutSeq)29. Among the residues identified in our screen (Supplementary Table 1, Extended Data Fig. 5a), we chose two (W105 and D280) predicted to be in the second and fourth extracellular loops of RodA (Extended Data Fig. 5). Alanine substitutions at either position ab ...
Monoclonal antibody 7G3 recognizes the N
... cells.'-6 Recently, IL-3 has also been shown to regulate vascular endothelial cell functions, enhancing adhesion molecule expression, neutrophil transmigration, and cytokine prod~ction.~,' Although some of the effects of IL-3 may be desirable and have prompted its clinical use in bone marrow reconst ...
... cells.'-6 Recently, IL-3 has also been shown to regulate vascular endothelial cell functions, enhancing adhesion molecule expression, neutrophil transmigration, and cytokine prod~ction.~,' Although some of the effects of IL-3 may be desirable and have prompted its clinical use in bone marrow reconst ...
Quality control in the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication
... In addition to this role in inhibiting pre-RC assembly, CDKs play a second essential role in regulating DNA replication: they are required to trigger initiation from licensed origins. They do this in budding yeast by phosphorylating Sld2 and Sld3 [75 – 77]. Phosphorylation of these proteins generate ...
... In addition to this role in inhibiting pre-RC assembly, CDKs play a second essential role in regulating DNA replication: they are required to trigger initiation from licensed origins. They do this in budding yeast by phosphorylating Sld2 and Sld3 [75 – 77]. Phosphorylation of these proteins generate ...
Research Databases
... Mattson points out that the only known way to extend life span, at least in animal experiments, is through calorie restriction. Studies have found that mice fed very-low-calorie diets live longer than their better-fed brethren. While the explanation is still under study, Mattson says that such food ...
... Mattson points out that the only known way to extend life span, at least in animal experiments, is through calorie restriction. Studies have found that mice fed very-low-calorie diets live longer than their better-fed brethren. While the explanation is still under study, Mattson says that such food ...
New Phytologist
... Possibly related to the unusual Ini+ Inr– phenotypes of this symbiosis was the frequent development of localized areas of wall erosion at the tips of root hairs on inoculated plants only (Fig. 2c). Occasionally, root hair cytoplasm leaked out from these localized erosions (Fig. 2d). These results ar ...
... Possibly related to the unusual Ini+ Inr– phenotypes of this symbiosis was the frequent development of localized areas of wall erosion at the tips of root hairs on inoculated plants only (Fig. 2c). Occasionally, root hair cytoplasm leaked out from these localized erosions (Fig. 2d). These results ar ...
- Wiley Online Library
... effect of aPDT on bacterial cell wall integrity is represented as a function of their sensitivity to detergent mediated cell lysis. The outer membrane if already damaged, when treated with a detergent such as sodium lauryl sulfate, will show a sharp decline in the optical density (OD600) due to leak ...
... effect of aPDT on bacterial cell wall integrity is represented as a function of their sensitivity to detergent mediated cell lysis. The outer membrane if already damaged, when treated with a detergent such as sodium lauryl sulfate, will show a sharp decline in the optical density (OD600) due to leak ...
Manuscrit en préparation (soumission prévue à Int - HAL
... 5 min. Total lipids were then immediately extracted from the cell pellet according to the method of Bligh and Dyer [32]. Lipid extract was evaporated under vacuum and lipid classes were separated by silica gel thin layer chromatography with hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (70/30/1, v/v). Phospholip ...
... 5 min. Total lipids were then immediately extracted from the cell pellet according to the method of Bligh and Dyer [32]. Lipid extract was evaporated under vacuum and lipid classes were separated by silica gel thin layer chromatography with hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (70/30/1, v/v). Phospholip ...
plantcell.org
... QC (Feldman, 1976). To begin to understand how radial patterning occurs during regeneration of the maize root tip, we made two types of excisions and used ZmSCR expression as a marker for radial patterning. The first excision involved removal of the entire root tip, including the root cap and QC, an ...
... QC (Feldman, 1976). To begin to understand how radial patterning occurs during regeneration of the maize root tip, we made two types of excisions and used ZmSCR expression as a marker for radial patterning. The first excision involved removal of the entire root tip, including the root cap and QC, an ...
vascular tissue differentiation and pattern formation in plants
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
... the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are important for vascular differentiation (3, 77). A number of proteins and genes involved in different stages of tracheary element formation such as secondary wall thickening and cell death have been characterized using biochemical and subtractive hybridizati ...
Print
... lowing binding to their respective ligands (15, 100, 102). Expression of these dependence receptors creates cellular states of dependence on the associated ligands. These states of dependence are not absolute, since they can be blocked downstream in some cases by the expression of antiapoptotic gene ...
... lowing binding to their respective ligands (15, 100, 102). Expression of these dependence receptors creates cellular states of dependence on the associated ligands. These states of dependence are not absolute, since they can be blocked downstream in some cases by the expression of antiapoptotic gene ...
The Salmonella Effector Protein SopA Modulates Innate Immune
... Furthermore, to identify TRIM65-interacting proteins that may be relevant during bacterial infection, cells were infected with S. Typhimurium prior to the analysis. We identified the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) as a TRIM65 specific interactor. This observation is intriguing ...
... Furthermore, to identify TRIM65-interacting proteins that may be relevant during bacterial infection, cells were infected with S. Typhimurium prior to the analysis. We identified the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) as a TRIM65 specific interactor. This observation is intriguing ...
The cell biology of hearing - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Mammals have an astonishing ability to sense and discriminate sounds of different frequencies and intensities. Fundamental for this process are mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear that convert sound-induced vibrations into electrical signals. The study of genes that are linked to deafness has ...
... Mammals have an astonishing ability to sense and discriminate sounds of different frequencies and intensities. Fundamental for this process are mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear that convert sound-induced vibrations into electrical signals. The study of genes that are linked to deafness has ...
SNARE complexes of different composition jointly
... cortical division site, followed by its maturation into a stretch of plasma membrane separating the daughter cells (Jürgens, 2005). Membrane fusion is mediated by the interaction of soluble Nethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins through their highly conserved SNARE dom ...
... cortical division site, followed by its maturation into a stretch of plasma membrane separating the daughter cells (Jürgens, 2005). Membrane fusion is mediated by the interaction of soluble Nethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins through their highly conserved SNARE dom ...
antoniadi_et_al._2015.
... is strongest in the procambium and quiescent center (QC), respectively (Kuroha et al., 2009), whereas root expression of CYP735A2 is predominantly in the vasculature (Kiba et al., 2013). Analysis of GUS patterns reveals that CKX4 is expressed in guard cells and root cap, CKX5 in axillary buds, and C ...
... is strongest in the procambium and quiescent center (QC), respectively (Kuroha et al., 2009), whereas root expression of CYP735A2 is predominantly in the vasculature (Kiba et al., 2013). Analysis of GUS patterns reveals that CKX4 is expressed in guard cells and root cap, CKX5 in axillary buds, and C ...
Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long
... remained unclear. Top-down systems biology approaches, where responses at multiple system levels are monitored over time and integrated to a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal pla ...
... remained unclear. Top-down systems biology approaches, where responses at multiple system levels are monitored over time and integrated to a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal pla ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.