Interactions between plant endomembrane systems and the actin
... The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis, folding and quality control of membrane and luminal proteins destined for secretion, Ca2+ storage, lipid, and auxin biosynthesis (Vitale and Denecke, 1999; Wang et al., 2011; Kriechbaumer et al., 2012). The dynamic property of the ER is ma ...
... The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis, folding and quality control of membrane and luminal proteins destined for secretion, Ca2+ storage, lipid, and auxin biosynthesis (Vitale and Denecke, 1999; Wang et al., 2011; Kriechbaumer et al., 2012). The dynamic property of the ER is ma ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Whereby the Apical Ectodermal
... outward from the body wall, differences along each axis can be observed which allow for normal function of the vertebrate limb: the proximal bone structure is much different than the distal bone structure, the formation of tendons on the dorsal side of the autopod compared to the ventral side allow ...
... outward from the body wall, differences along each axis can be observed which allow for normal function of the vertebrate limb: the proximal bone structure is much different than the distal bone structure, the formation of tendons on the dorsal side of the autopod compared to the ventral side allow ...
The transcriptome of proteostasis perturbations reveal non
... The nascent polypeptide chain in the cell is attended to by a complex network of proteins which assist with co-translational and post-translational folding. Further down the assembly line, other proteins assist in translocation, cellular localization and eventually degradation(1). The collective gro ...
... The nascent polypeptide chain in the cell is attended to by a complex network of proteins which assist with co-translational and post-translational folding. Further down the assembly line, other proteins assist in translocation, cellular localization and eventually degradation(1). The collective gro ...
05 Keim
... We could not distinguish between lipids and PHA in whole mounts viewed by TEM, since both inclusions appeared as round electron-lucent regions. In ultra-thin sections, the unsaturated lipids were darkly stained because of their affinity for the OsO4 fixative, whereas PHA inclusions are electron-luce ...
... We could not distinguish between lipids and PHA in whole mounts viewed by TEM, since both inclusions appeared as round electron-lucent regions. In ultra-thin sections, the unsaturated lipids were darkly stained because of their affinity for the OsO4 fixative, whereas PHA inclusions are electron-luce ...
Salmonella must be viable in order to attach to the
... inner potato tissue. A sterile cork borer (8 mm diameter) was then used to produce cores of sterile potato tissue 4 cm long. The potato cores were blanched by immersion in boiling water for 30 s. Blanching allowed the potato cells to separate from each other when snapped but still remain as intact c ...
... inner potato tissue. A sterile cork borer (8 mm diameter) was then used to produce cores of sterile potato tissue 4 cm long. The potato cores were blanched by immersion in boiling water for 30 s. Blanching allowed the potato cells to separate from each other when snapped but still remain as intact c ...
Identification of plant cytoskeleton-interacting proteins
... and extent of actin filament disassembly in a dose-dependent manner, but was not quite as potent as AtFIM1 under the identical conditions. The collective results strongly support the notion that ERD10 is capable of binding to either the side or the ends of actin filaments in vitro and alters the dyn ...
... and extent of actin filament disassembly in a dose-dependent manner, but was not quite as potent as AtFIM1 under the identical conditions. The collective results strongly support the notion that ERD10 is capable of binding to either the side or the ends of actin filaments in vitro and alters the dyn ...
Conditional lethality of a yeast strain expressing human RHOA in place of RHO1 .
... (RHOIN46s) that encodes a functional protein that cannot be ADP ribosylated to serve as a negative control; indeed, in such a strain (YOC724), the Rholp band was not observed (Fig. 4, lane 1). In cells expressing both the yeast RHOIN46s and human RHOA (YOC726), we found that levels of the RHOA prote ...
... (RHOIN46s) that encodes a functional protein that cannot be ADP ribosylated to serve as a negative control; indeed, in such a strain (YOC724), the Rholp band was not observed (Fig. 4, lane 1). In cells expressing both the yeast RHOIN46s and human RHOA (YOC726), we found that levels of the RHOA prote ...
Biologically Induced Mineralization by Bacteria
... the inner face of the outer membrane. In gram-negative cells, it is the LPS that is the major factor in catalyzing mineral formation because of its high concentration of phosphate and carboxyl groups (Ferris and Beveridge 1984, 1986a). Members of the Archaea also show gram-positive and gram-negative ...
... the inner face of the outer membrane. In gram-negative cells, it is the LPS that is the major factor in catalyzing mineral formation because of its high concentration of phosphate and carboxyl groups (Ferris and Beveridge 1984, 1986a). Members of the Archaea also show gram-positive and gram-negative ...
Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,...
... In fact, a significant analogy in the proteolytic processing of both APP and Notch can be found during the two sequential cleavages of regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Both receptors undergo an extracellular shedding by a disintegrin and metalloproteases, gamma-secretase, with the subsequent intr ...
... In fact, a significant analogy in the proteolytic processing of both APP and Notch can be found during the two sequential cleavages of regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Both receptors undergo an extracellular shedding by a disintegrin and metalloproteases, gamma-secretase, with the subsequent intr ...
University of Groningen Effects of structure, morphology and
... surfaces decreased after 2 hours of incubation. The cells, however, appeared to have detached, as determined by microscopic evaluation. Subsequent DAPI staining revealed that the detached cells were still alive. There were no differences in CD14+ cell adhesion at any of the time points on the saline ...
... surfaces decreased after 2 hours of incubation. The cells, however, appeared to have detached, as determined by microscopic evaluation. Subsequent DAPI staining revealed that the detached cells were still alive. There were no differences in CD14+ cell adhesion at any of the time points on the saline ...
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: A clinicopathological review
... Methods-Data of 11 patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed in a 3 years period. Results- The patients ages ranged from 28 years to 70 years (median 49 years). The tumours were 4 to 10 cm (median 7 cm) in size. Patients underwent modified radical mastectomy and one pa ...
... Methods-Data of 11 patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed in a 3 years period. Results- The patients ages ranged from 28 years to 70 years (median 49 years). The tumours were 4 to 10 cm (median 7 cm) in size. Patients underwent modified radical mastectomy and one pa ...
Growth Control and Cell Wall Signaling in Plants
... defined as extracellular, basic, hydroxyproline (Hyp)–rich structural glycoproteins with alternating hydrophilic (X-Hypn ) and hydrophobic motifs that frequently carry tyrosine residues as potential cross-linking sites (105). Arabidopsis has 20 highly similar extensin genes (30). Mutant analysis show ...
... defined as extracellular, basic, hydroxyproline (Hyp)–rich structural glycoproteins with alternating hydrophilic (X-Hypn ) and hydrophobic motifs that frequently carry tyrosine residues as potential cross-linking sites (105). Arabidopsis has 20 highly similar extensin genes (30). Mutant analysis show ...
S1P promotes murine progenitor cell egress and
... the plasma after 1 hour of AMD3100 administration (Figure 2A). At 1 hour after AMD3100 injection, S1P levels in the BM were also normal (Figure 2B). Moreover, an increase in the percentage of S1P1 expressing BM c-Kit⫹/Lin⫺ (KL) progenitor cells 1 hour after AMD3100 treatment was detected, which was ...
... the plasma after 1 hour of AMD3100 administration (Figure 2A). At 1 hour after AMD3100 injection, S1P levels in the BM were also normal (Figure 2B). Moreover, an increase in the percentage of S1P1 expressing BM c-Kit⫹/Lin⫺ (KL) progenitor cells 1 hour after AMD3100 treatment was detected, which was ...
Jen Salm
... Epithelial invasion appears to require cell-to-cell contact and ruffling occurs in a localized region. Macrophage invasion occurs within minutes of exposure with generalized ruffling and does not require bacterial adherence. Soluble factors responsible for macrophage uptake? Separate mechanisms ...
... Epithelial invasion appears to require cell-to-cell contact and ruffling occurs in a localized region. Macrophage invasion occurs within minutes of exposure with generalized ruffling and does not require bacterial adherence. Soluble factors responsible for macrophage uptake? Separate mechanisms ...
Centronuclear myopathy in mice lacking a novel muscle
... In principle, MEF2 may regulate muscle-specific target genes directly, or it may act indirectly by controlling the expression of subordinate transcription factors or signaling molecules that act as intermediaries to connect MEF2 to downstream targets that themselves are not dependent on MEF2-binding ...
... In principle, MEF2 may regulate muscle-specific target genes directly, or it may act indirectly by controlling the expression of subordinate transcription factors or signaling molecules that act as intermediaries to connect MEF2 to downstream targets that themselves are not dependent on MEF2-binding ...
The origin of early primitive streak - Development
... detected as the main route for generating the HH stage 3 primitive streak. These results suggest that the majority of precursor cells giving rise to the HH stage 3 primitive streak are already localized in the posterior-midline region of stages XI-XII embryos. Developmental process of HH stage 3 pri ...
... detected as the main route for generating the HH stage 3 primitive streak. These results suggest that the majority of precursor cells giving rise to the HH stage 3 primitive streak are already localized in the posterior-midline region of stages XI-XII embryos. Developmental process of HH stage 3 pri ...
Movement and Remodeling of the Endoplasmic
... ER movement includes movement of proteins within the ER membrane and network remodeling. Directional, actindependent movement of membrane protein in the ER has recently been demonstrated in plants (Runions et al., 2006). The remodeling of the cisternal domain into tubules through the recruitment of ...
... ER movement includes movement of proteins within the ER membrane and network remodeling. Directional, actindependent movement of membrane protein in the ER has recently been demonstrated in plants (Runions et al., 2006). The remodeling of the cisternal domain into tubules through the recruitment of ...
Protists
... back to about 1.2 billion years ago compared to bacteria which appear about 3.5 billion years ago. We do not know how the various groups of protists are related to one another. We assume they arose from certain groups of bacteria, but when and how they came into being, scientists are still invest ...
... back to about 1.2 billion years ago compared to bacteria which appear about 3.5 billion years ago. We do not know how the various groups of protists are related to one another. We assume they arose from certain groups of bacteria, but when and how they came into being, scientists are still invest ...
Targeting of Salmonella typhimurium to Vesicles Containing
... transport newly synthesized soluble enzymes containing M6P from the TGN to late endosomes via clathrin-coated vesicles (von Figura and Hasilik, 1986; Kornfeld, 1987, 1992; Kornfeld and MeUman, 1989). Many intracellular pathogens interact with the prelysosomal and lysosomal compartments of phagocytic ...
... transport newly synthesized soluble enzymes containing M6P from the TGN to late endosomes via clathrin-coated vesicles (von Figura and Hasilik, 1986; Kornfeld, 1987, 1992; Kornfeld and MeUman, 1989). Many intracellular pathogens interact with the prelysosomal and lysosomal compartments of phagocytic ...
PDF
... in Hro-notch mRNA during the AB and CD-2 phases of the two-cell stage relative to earlier time points, and actinomycin-D treatment abolishes this increase (Fig. 1H). Similar results were obtained from embryos injected with another transcription inhibitor (␣-amanitin), and inhibitor-treated embryos s ...
... in Hro-notch mRNA during the AB and CD-2 phases of the two-cell stage relative to earlier time points, and actinomycin-D treatment abolishes this increase (Fig. 1H). Similar results were obtained from embryos injected with another transcription inhibitor (␣-amanitin), and inhibitor-treated embryos s ...
Growth and killing of a Salmonella enterica serovar
... have an effect on the set of bacterial genes expressed at the moment of their introduction into the cytosol, and therefore on the bacterial response. This second method has been applied to deliver S. typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica and non-pathogenic E. coli into the cytosol of epithelial cells ...
... have an effect on the set of bacterial genes expressed at the moment of their introduction into the cytosol, and therefore on the bacterial response. This second method has been applied to deliver S. typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica and non-pathogenic E. coli into the cytosol of epithelial cells ...
Traffic into silence: endomembranes and
... degraded by vacuolar/lysosomal hydrolases upon fusion with vacuoles/lysosomes. In addition, they also mediate the transport of new vacuolar proteins from the Golgi to lysosomes/vacuoles (Gruenberg & Stenmark, 2004). Endosomes coordinate the recognition, concentration, and packaging of cargo proteins ...
... degraded by vacuolar/lysosomal hydrolases upon fusion with vacuoles/lysosomes. In addition, they also mediate the transport of new vacuolar proteins from the Golgi to lysosomes/vacuoles (Gruenberg & Stenmark, 2004). Endosomes coordinate the recognition, concentration, and packaging of cargo proteins ...
INTRODUCCIÓN
... mammalian L-PGDS (PGDS1 and PGDS2) in the gilthead seabream and characterize their gene expression profiles and biological activity. The results showed a dramatic induction of the gene coding for PGDS1 in acidophilic granulocytes (AGs), which are functionally equivalent to mammalian neutrophils, aft ...
... mammalian L-PGDS (PGDS1 and PGDS2) in the gilthead seabream and characterize their gene expression profiles and biological activity. The results showed a dramatic induction of the gene coding for PGDS1 in acidophilic granulocytes (AGs), which are functionally equivalent to mammalian neutrophils, aft ...
The journey of developing hematopoietic stem cells
... regulate key properties of definitive HSCs, a safer approach to generating HSCs for therapeutic applications would be to provide the appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmenta ...
... regulate key properties of definitive HSCs, a safer approach to generating HSCs for therapeutic applications would be to provide the appropriate signals from the environment where HSCs develop. In order to generate HSCs from ES cells, hematopoietic precursors have to go through the same developmenta ...
as a PDF
... and the transition frequencies between growth, shortening, and pause states for single microtubules where both ends were clearly visible (Table 1, n = 78 microtubules from 18 cells). The microtubule end leading the unidirectional motility displayed 5 fold more net polymerization-depolymerization per ...
... and the transition frequencies between growth, shortening, and pause states for single microtubules where both ends were clearly visible (Table 1, n = 78 microtubules from 18 cells). The microtubule end leading the unidirectional motility displayed 5 fold more net polymerization-depolymerization per ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.