Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in
... suppression have also independently evolved many times. Most work characterizing the fundamental features of cancer and neoplastic growths has focused on cancer in humans and mice (e.g. [9,10]), with some work on cancer in captive animals [11,12], and very little work on cancer in the wild [13]. Her ...
... suppression have also independently evolved many times. Most work characterizing the fundamental features of cancer and neoplastic growths has focused on cancer in humans and mice (e.g. [9,10]), with some work on cancer in captive animals [11,12], and very little work on cancer in the wild [13]. Her ...
p53 transcriptional activity is essential for p53dependent apoptosis
... are highly cancer prone and develop a large spectrum of tumors (Donehower et al., 1992; Jacks et al., 1994). It has become clear that p53 has at least two roles in preventing cancer: cell cycle arrest in G1, which allows time for the repair of DNA damage, or apoptosis, which eliminates cells with da ...
... are highly cancer prone and develop a large spectrum of tumors (Donehower et al., 1992; Jacks et al., 1994). It has become clear that p53 has at least two roles in preventing cancer: cell cycle arrest in G1, which allows time for the repair of DNA damage, or apoptosis, which eliminates cells with da ...
Growth-modulating molecules are associated with invading
... therefore performed in samples of post-mortem human spinal cord, taken from patients who died following severe traumatic SCI. The lesion-induced scar could be subdivided into a Schwann cell dominated domain which contained large neuromas and a surrounding dense ECM, and a well delineated astroglial ...
... therefore performed in samples of post-mortem human spinal cord, taken from patients who died following severe traumatic SCI. The lesion-induced scar could be subdivided into a Schwann cell dominated domain which contained large neuromas and a surrounding dense ECM, and a well delineated astroglial ...
1 DNA replication origin function is promoted by H3K4 di
... di-methylation is necessary and sufficient for normal origin function. We propose that histone H3K4 di-methylation functions in concert with other histone posttranslational modifications to support robust genome duplication. INTRODUCTION DNA replication initiates at discrete genomic loci termed orig ...
... di-methylation is necessary and sufficient for normal origin function. We propose that histone H3K4 di-methylation functions in concert with other histone posttranslational modifications to support robust genome duplication. INTRODUCTION DNA replication initiates at discrete genomic loci termed orig ...
how exercise builds muscle
... discovered that these satellite cells proliferate in response to the stresses of muscle growth. As they multiply, some of these cells remain as satellites on the fiber, but others, incredibly, become incorporated into it. Their ...
... discovered that these satellite cells proliferate in response to the stresses of muscle growth. As they multiply, some of these cells remain as satellites on the fiber, but others, incredibly, become incorporated into it. Their ...
Infrequently transcribed long genes depend on
... Hediger and Gasser 2006). Therefore, defining the purpose of particular histone codes based merely on their physical presence is highly risky without rigorous functional investigation. Two of the best characterized histone transcriptional marks are methylation of histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4me) and at Ly ...
... Hediger and Gasser 2006). Therefore, defining the purpose of particular histone codes based merely on their physical presence is highly risky without rigorous functional investigation. Two of the best characterized histone transcriptional marks are methylation of histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4me) and at Ly ...
Regulated trafficking of neurotransmitter transporters: common notes
... and Zahniser 2001). Finally, it is possible to separate intracellular vesicles from the plasma membrane using differential centrifugation. The amount of immunoreactivity in each fraction is then evaluated by western blot. This strategy has been used with both Xenopus oocytes and with cell cultures ( ...
... and Zahniser 2001). Finally, it is possible to separate intracellular vesicles from the plasma membrane using differential centrifugation. The amount of immunoreactivity in each fraction is then evaluated by western blot. This strategy has been used with both Xenopus oocytes and with cell cultures ( ...
Intraflagellar transport protein 172 is essential for primary cilia
... that operates in cilia where it is transported along microtubules between the cell body and the tip of these external cell organelles. Mutations that affect components of the IFT machinery are known to compromise the formation and function of cilia (reviewed in Rosenbaum and Witman, 2002; Scholey an ...
... that operates in cilia where it is transported along microtubules between the cell body and the tip of these external cell organelles. Mutations that affect components of the IFT machinery are known to compromise the formation and function of cilia (reviewed in Rosenbaum and Witman, 2002; Scholey an ...
Linköping University Post Print Histone Variants and Their Post-Translational
... The most common PTMs of histones are acetylation, methylation (mono-, di-, and tri-methylation), phosphorylation and ubiquitination, but also other modifications have been described, such as sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, citrullination, and biotinylation [17,19,20]. However, epigenetic changes rela ...
... The most common PTMs of histones are acetylation, methylation (mono-, di-, and tri-methylation), phosphorylation and ubiquitination, but also other modifications have been described, such as sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, citrullination, and biotinylation [17,19,20]. However, epigenetic changes rela ...
THE ROLE OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR (FGF) AND TYPE
... minor movements; 2) to act as growth áreas; and 3) to absorb mechanical stress, thus protecting its osteogenic tissue60 and the neural structures beneath. Pritchard et al61 stated that a difference exists in the development of facial and cranial sutures. Persson and Roy62 offered a biomechanical exp ...
... minor movements; 2) to act as growth áreas; and 3) to absorb mechanical stress, thus protecting its osteogenic tissue60 and the neural structures beneath. Pritchard et al61 stated that a difference exists in the development of facial and cranial sutures. Persson and Roy62 offered a biomechanical exp ...
In Vivo Release of Mitotic Silencing of Ribosomal Gene
... Penman, 1971). The timing of these events suggests a link with cell cycle controls that could be mediated by the cdc2–cyclin B kinase pathway. Moreover, recent results obtained in vitro have shown that mitotic silencing of rDNA transcription is most probably due to cdc2–cyclin B kinase–directed phos ...
... Penman, 1971). The timing of these events suggests a link with cell cycle controls that could be mediated by the cdc2–cyclin B kinase pathway. Moreover, recent results obtained in vitro have shown that mitotic silencing of rDNA transcription is most probably due to cdc2–cyclin B kinase–directed phos ...
Neuroblast migration along the anteroposterior axis of C. elegans is
... 2 expression in the germ cells continued throughout larval development, whereas the tail expression reached a maximum at the mid-L1 stage and disappeared before the L1 to L2 molt (see Fig. S1D in the supplementary material). In addition, one or two mom-2 transcripts were occasionally detected in pos ...
... 2 expression in the germ cells continued throughout larval development, whereas the tail expression reached a maximum at the mid-L1 stage and disappeared before the L1 to L2 molt (see Fig. S1D in the supplementary material). In addition, one or two mom-2 transcripts were occasionally detected in pos ...
Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal
... with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end growth (Tirnauer et al., 2002) and in all instances this behavior was observed in plant cells that expressed EB1 at low levels. In addition, during mitosis, EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP comets are seen to migrate toward and accumulate ...
... with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end growth (Tirnauer et al., 2002) and in all instances this behavior was observed in plant cells that expressed EB1 at low levels. In addition, during mitosis, EB1a-GFP and EB1b-GFP comets are seen to migrate toward and accumulate ...
Theme 1 Molecules, Cells and the Basis for Disease
... 26.1 A cellular approach to understand congenital eye malformations .................................................... 28 27.1 Using human iPS cells to identify genetic variants that influence cellular differentiation ............... 29 28.1 Mef2 role in control of striated muscle growth a ...
... 26.1 A cellular approach to understand congenital eye malformations .................................................... 28 27.1 Using human iPS cells to identify genetic variants that influence cellular differentiation ............... 29 28.1 Mef2 role in control of striated muscle growth a ...
Bacterial Signals and Antagonists: The Interaction Between Bacteria
... there is some diffusion barrier which slows or limits export of AHLs, then it may be possible to induce the density dependent phenotype at low cell densities or independent of cell density. One possible environment where low cell density induction might occur is in a population of cells growing as a ...
... there is some diffusion barrier which slows or limits export of AHLs, then it may be possible to induce the density dependent phenotype at low cell densities or independent of cell density. One possible environment where low cell density induction might occur is in a population of cells growing as a ...
INTRODUCTION the dorsal spinal cord (Muroyama et al., 2002) and for... Wnts are signaling molecules regulating different developmental
... Wnt/-catenin signaling mediates -catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and translocation into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with the Tcf/Lef transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). In addition, a ‘non-canonical’ Wnt/Ca2+ pathway leads to t ...
... Wnt/-catenin signaling mediates -catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and translocation into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with the Tcf/Lef transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). In addition, a ‘non-canonical’ Wnt/Ca2+ pathway leads to t ...
MamPhysioDryPeriod
... mammary involution. NAGase is a lysosomal enzyme that is secreted in large quantities in the mammary gland during involution and inflammation. The specific function of NAGase in the gland is not known, but its activity in mammary secretions sometimes is used as an indicator of tissue changes that ac ...
... mammary involution. NAGase is a lysosomal enzyme that is secreted in large quantities in the mammary gland during involution and inflammation. The specific function of NAGase in the gland is not known, but its activity in mammary secretions sometimes is used as an indicator of tissue changes that ac ...
Intracellular Redox Compartmentation and ROS
... interactor. The compartment on the right lacks this signaling mechanism. Such specificities could explain differences in ROS sensitivity between different compartments or between the same compartment under different conditions. A simple example based on a thiol-disulfide exchange mechanism is shown, ...
... interactor. The compartment on the right lacks this signaling mechanism. Such specificities could explain differences in ROS sensitivity between different compartments or between the same compartment under different conditions. A simple example based on a thiol-disulfide exchange mechanism is shown, ...
Global phosphoproteomic effects of natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor
... inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. However, the phosphotyrosine signaling pathways mediated by genistein are largely unknown. In this study, we combined tyrosine phosphoprotein enrichment with MS-based quantitative proteomics technology to globally identify genistein-regulated tyrosine phosphoprote ...
... inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. However, the phosphotyrosine signaling pathways mediated by genistein are largely unknown. In this study, we combined tyrosine phosphoprotein enrichment with MS-based quantitative proteomics technology to globally identify genistein-regulated tyrosine phosphoprote ...
Apoptotic cell clearance: basic biology and therapeutic potential
... antimicrobial but pro-inflammatory consequences. A key feature of membrane lysis is the display and/or release of intracellular molecules that are otherwise hidden from the extracellular environment. Exposure of certain intracellular molecules can trigger inflammation and signal ‘danger’152 to the i ...
... antimicrobial but pro-inflammatory consequences. A key feature of membrane lysis is the display and/or release of intracellular molecules that are otherwise hidden from the extracellular environment. Exposure of certain intracellular molecules can trigger inflammation and signal ‘danger’152 to the i ...
Gram stain reagents - Bakersfield College
... a microscope. A simple stain visualizes the microorganisms; a differential stain displays the chemical differences in cellular structures, including the cell wall and cell membrane because the macromolecules within the structure bind to different components of the stain. An example of this different ...
... a microscope. A simple stain visualizes the microorganisms; a differential stain displays the chemical differences in cellular structures, including the cell wall and cell membrane because the macromolecules within the structure bind to different components of the stain. An example of this different ...
Oxidized LDL-Containing Immune Complexes Induce Fc Gamma
... Abstract—Our previous studies have shown that Fc gamma receptor (FcgR)-mediated uptake of LDL-containing immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) by human monocyte-derived macrophages leads to not only transformation of macrophages into foam cells but also macrophage activation and release of cytokines. It has ...
... Abstract—Our previous studies have shown that Fc gamma receptor (FcgR)-mediated uptake of LDL-containing immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) by human monocyte-derived macrophages leads to not only transformation of macrophages into foam cells but also macrophage activation and release of cytokines. It has ...
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and
... (Baluska et al. 2003). However, proteins that link the three parts are still not well defined. In animals, integrins have been ...
... (Baluska et al. 2003). However, proteins that link the three parts are still not well defined. In animals, integrins have been ...
emboj200925-sup
... of a xylose-inducible promoter at the amyE locus. The native gene ltaS or yqgS respectively was deleted to generate strains 4607 and 4609 with the fusion protein as the only copy when inducing expression. ...
... of a xylose-inducible promoter at the amyE locus. The native gene ltaS or yqgS respectively was deleted to generate strains 4607 and 4609 with the fusion protein as the only copy when inducing expression. ...
Cellular lipidomics
... inside of the membrane (Lisanti et al, 1994; Parton, 1994) or activated receptors, a lipid, like ceramide generated by signaling sphingomyelinases (Gulbins et al, 2004; London and London, 2004), or lipid-anchored proteins (Brügger et al, 2004). In lipid transport, the forming lipid domain must be s ...
... inside of the membrane (Lisanti et al, 1994; Parton, 1994) or activated receptors, a lipid, like ceramide generated by signaling sphingomyelinases (Gulbins et al, 2004; London and London, 2004), or lipid-anchored proteins (Brügger et al, 2004). In lipid transport, the forming lipid domain must be s ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.