Actin microfilaments in fungi
... Cytokinesis and septation After nuclei have divided, the processes of cytokinesis and septation give rise to daughter cells in yeast and to partitions in hyphae. These processes are accomplished by a septal band that contracts inwards as septal wall material is deposited. The band contains F-actin a ...
... Cytokinesis and septation After nuclei have divided, the processes of cytokinesis and septation give rise to daughter cells in yeast and to partitions in hyphae. These processes are accomplished by a septal band that contracts inwards as septal wall material is deposited. The band contains F-actin a ...
Modulation of the ARF-p53 Pathway by the Small DNA Tumor Viruses
... can result in the downstream phosphorylation and induction of p53.15 p53 can also be induced by the aberrant proliferative signals that drive viral DNA replication. The RB family of tumor suppressor proteins (RB, p107, p130) bind the critical S phase transcription factor E2F, thereby repressing E2F ...
... can result in the downstream phosphorylation and induction of p53.15 p53 can also be induced by the aberrant proliferative signals that drive viral DNA replication. The RB family of tumor suppressor proteins (RB, p107, p130) bind the critical S phase transcription factor E2F, thereby repressing E2F ...
P-selectin anchors newly released ultralarge von
... BLOOD, 15 MARCH 2004 䡠 VOLUME 103, NUMBER 6 ...
... BLOOD, 15 MARCH 2004 䡠 VOLUME 103, NUMBER 6 ...
Sulfated polysaccharides from marine sponges
... with cells from marine sponge in the beginning of the last century (Wilson 1907). This model was based on the observation that dissociated cells from marine sponge go through an aggregation process, in a species-specific way, forming small cellular aggregates. Later, it was observed that this cellul ...
... with cells from marine sponge in the beginning of the last century (Wilson 1907). This model was based on the observation that dissociated cells from marine sponge go through an aggregation process, in a species-specific way, forming small cellular aggregates. Later, it was observed that this cellul ...
The functional cobalamin (vitamin B12)–intrinsic factor receptor is a
... site (CUB domains 5-8).5,6 Although cubilin has no apparent transmembrane segment or cytoplasmic tail, several studies have shown that binding of IF-cobalamin to cubilin leads to endocytosis of the ligand and recycling of the receptor.2,3 Besides expression and function in the intestine, cubilin has ...
... site (CUB domains 5-8).5,6 Although cubilin has no apparent transmembrane segment or cytoplasmic tail, several studies have shown that binding of IF-cobalamin to cubilin leads to endocytosis of the ligand and recycling of the receptor.2,3 Besides expression and function in the intestine, cubilin has ...
Gene Section RHOA (ras homolog gene family, member A)
... removal of the last three amino acids. The prenyl group (geranylgeranyl) anchors the GTPase into membranes and this modification is essential for its stability, cell growth, transformation, and cytoskeletal organization. ...
... removal of the last three amino acids. The prenyl group (geranylgeranyl) anchors the GTPase into membranes and this modification is essential for its stability, cell growth, transformation, and cytoskeletal organization. ...
Limitations of Allotopic Expression of Mitochondrial Genes in
... The possibility of expressing mitochondrial DNA-coded genes in the nuclear-cytoplasmic compartment provides an attractive system for genetic treatment of mitochondrial disorders associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations. In theory, by recoding mitochondrial genes to adapt them to the universal gen ...
... The possibility of expressing mitochondrial DNA-coded genes in the nuclear-cytoplasmic compartment provides an attractive system for genetic treatment of mitochondrial disorders associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations. In theory, by recoding mitochondrial genes to adapt them to the universal gen ...
Structure and function of basement membranes
... Several additional subunits of the laminin family have been discovered from cDNA cloning or characterization of extracellular matrix from tissues or cultured cells. In our search for tissue-specific basement membrane components, we discovered the a2 chain, which is a homolog of the classical al chai ...
... Several additional subunits of the laminin family have been discovered from cDNA cloning or characterization of extracellular matrix from tissues or cultured cells. In our search for tissue-specific basement membrane components, we discovered the a2 chain, which is a homolog of the classical al chai ...
Cardiomyocyte Lineage Specification in€Adult Human Cardiac
... The mechanisms controlling differentiation in adult cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) are still largely unknown. In this study, CPCs isolated from the human heart were found to produce predominantly smooth muscle cells but could be redirected to the cardiomyocyte fate by transient activation followed b ...
... The mechanisms controlling differentiation in adult cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) are still largely unknown. In this study, CPCs isolated from the human heart were found to produce predominantly smooth muscle cells but could be redirected to the cardiomyocyte fate by transient activation followed b ...
Ultrastructural Observations on Lumbar Spinal Cord
... glial cells connecting the two stumps of the original spinal cord. In case of massive lesions to the meninges and neural arch of the vertebrae, also a scarring connective tissue filled up the vertebral canal around the bridge tissue, and contacting the glial bridge tissue. The study of cross-section ...
... glial cells connecting the two stumps of the original spinal cord. In case of massive lesions to the meninges and neural arch of the vertebrae, also a scarring connective tissue filled up the vertebral canal around the bridge tissue, and contacting the glial bridge tissue. The study of cross-section ...
Expression of Efflux Transporters in Human Ocular Tissues
... positive clones were designated as recombinant plasmid pMD19-MRP1, pMD19MRP2, pMD19-MRP3, pMD19-MRP4, pMD19-MRP5, pMD19-MRP6, pMD19MRP7, pMD19-MDR1, pMD19-LRP, and pMD19-BCRP. The correct recombinant plasmids were extracted as standard plasmids for fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ...
... positive clones were designated as recombinant plasmid pMD19-MRP1, pMD19MRP2, pMD19-MRP3, pMD19-MRP4, pMD19-MRP5, pMD19-MRP6, pMD19MRP7, pMD19-MDR1, pMD19-LRP, and pMD19-BCRP. The correct recombinant plasmids were extracted as standard plasmids for fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ...
Chapter C1
... • All cells have cell membranes. The cell membrane is a protective barrier that encloses a cell. • The cell membrane is the outermost structure in cells that lack a cell wall. In cells that have a cell wall, the cell membrane lies just inside the cell wall. • The cell membrane contains proteins, lip ...
... • All cells have cell membranes. The cell membrane is a protective barrier that encloses a cell. • The cell membrane is the outermost structure in cells that lack a cell wall. In cells that have a cell wall, the cell membrane lies just inside the cell wall. • The cell membrane contains proteins, lip ...
Identification of Gating Modes in Single Native Na Channels From
... experiments, the Na⫹ channel ␣-subunit (hH1) was expressed alone, or coexpression with the 1-subunit was performed. Other methods used the reconstituted Na⫹-channel protein fused into planar lipid bilayers.5 A major disadvantage of these methods is the artificial environment, in which electrophysio ...
... experiments, the Na⫹ channel ␣-subunit (hH1) was expressed alone, or coexpression with the 1-subunit was performed. Other methods used the reconstituted Na⫹-channel protein fused into planar lipid bilayers.5 A major disadvantage of these methods is the artificial environment, in which electrophysio ...
Laboratory Research, Cloning, and Human Cell Lines
... receive delegated authority from ERMA. They noted that the nature and effect of such organisms is largely predictable from knowing the host organism, the inserted DNA and the vector that transfers the DNA into the host. Researchers noted that it can be difficult to obtain information from a foreign ...
... receive delegated authority from ERMA. They noted that the nature and effect of such organisms is largely predictable from knowing the host organism, the inserted DNA and the vector that transfers the DNA into the host. Researchers noted that it can be difficult to obtain information from a foreign ...
Arachidonic acid inhibits the store-operated Ca2+ current in rat liver
... the open channel directly or modulates the mechanism by which I SOC is slowly inactivated [31]. Addition of 10 µM AA to the internal solution containing 20 µM Ins(1,4,5)P3 had no effect on the development or amplitude of I SOC (Figure 2C). Under conditions used in the experiments with H4IIE cells de ...
... the open channel directly or modulates the mechanism by which I SOC is slowly inactivated [31]. Addition of 10 µM AA to the internal solution containing 20 µM Ins(1,4,5)P3 had no effect on the development or amplitude of I SOC (Figure 2C). Under conditions used in the experiments with H4IIE cells de ...
The construction of an enhanced green fluorescence protein
... pre-existing capillaries, is driven by hypoxia and results in the formation of new capillary beds. Arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of pre-exisiting arteries from arterioles, is induced by fluid sheer stress and produces “natural bypasses” that increase blood flow to areas downstream of occlud ...
... pre-existing capillaries, is driven by hypoxia and results in the formation of new capillary beds. Arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of pre-exisiting arteries from arterioles, is induced by fluid sheer stress and produces “natural bypasses” that increase blood flow to areas downstream of occlud ...
Enhancement of photovoltaic performance of quasi-solid state dye sensitized solar cell
... performs particularly well when sensitized with Rose Bengal [22]. Being an organic dye, there are no concerns about environmental damage, as it does not contain any noble metal, such as ruthenium. RB dye has been successfully used by several groups for DSSCs structures. It has high extinction coeffi ...
... performs particularly well when sensitized with Rose Bengal [22]. Being an organic dye, there are no concerns about environmental damage, as it does not contain any noble metal, such as ruthenium. RB dye has been successfully used by several groups for DSSCs structures. It has high extinction coeffi ...
The Complex Relationship between Liver Cancer and the Cell Cycle
... (pRb). Together with its two homologs p107 and p130, pRb constitutes the Rb family, called also ―pocket‖ proteins, which repress E2F transcription factors [69,70]. Active Cdk4/cyclin D complexes initiate pRb phosphorylation while newly formed Cdk2/cyclin E enhances pRb inactivation resulting in a co ...
... (pRb). Together with its two homologs p107 and p130, pRb constitutes the Rb family, called also ―pocket‖ proteins, which repress E2F transcription factors [69,70]. Active Cdk4/cyclin D complexes initiate pRb phosphorylation while newly formed Cdk2/cyclin E enhances pRb inactivation resulting in a co ...
Multiple Functions of Kip-Related Protein5
... (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additional roles together with their function in the regulation of CDK activity. This hypothesis is supported by data obtained on CKI in mammals; it is now clear that these proteins fulfill many functions during development and r ...
... (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additional roles together with their function in the regulation of CDK activity. This hypothesis is supported by data obtained on CKI in mammals; it is now clear that these proteins fulfill many functions during development and r ...
Identification ofPseudomonas syringaetype III effectors that can
... were carried out on effectors that showed suppressor activity, and these experiments demonstrated that all of the identi®ed suppressors were able to inhibit the pHIR11dependent HR (data not shown). These results indicate that the site of suppressor activity was outside of the bacteria. Agrobacterium ...
... were carried out on effectors that showed suppressor activity, and these experiments demonstrated that all of the identi®ed suppressors were able to inhibit the pHIR11dependent HR (data not shown). These results indicate that the site of suppressor activity was outside of the bacteria. Agrobacterium ...
Localization of the Wilms` tumour protein WT1 in avian embryos
... were then rehydrated in TRIS-phosphate-buffered saline (TPBS) and the endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched by incubation for 30 min with 3% hydrogen peroxide in TPBS. After washing, non-specific binding sites were saturated for 30 min with 16% sheep serum, 1% bovine serum albumin and 0.5% Tri ...
... were then rehydrated in TRIS-phosphate-buffered saline (TPBS) and the endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched by incubation for 30 min with 3% hydrogen peroxide in TPBS. After washing, non-specific binding sites were saturated for 30 min with 16% sheep serum, 1% bovine serum albumin and 0.5% Tri ...
Sulphur and nitrogen regulation of the protease
... was repeated for 5 min. The samples were centrifuged (10 min, 13 000 g, 4 uC) and the supernate was recovered. Total RNAs were collected by further centrifugation after addition of 500 ml 2propanol. The pellets were washed in 70 % ethanol and suspended in RNase-free water. cDNA synthesis (1 h at 42 ...
... was repeated for 5 min. The samples were centrifuged (10 min, 13 000 g, 4 uC) and the supernate was recovered. Total RNAs were collected by further centrifugation after addition of 500 ml 2propanol. The pellets were washed in 70 % ethanol and suspended in RNase-free water. cDNA synthesis (1 h at 42 ...
Respiratory System - eCurriculum
... Regenerate type I and type II cells Mitochondria, RER, Golgi Vacuoles containing the phospholipid surfactant Surfactant lowers surface tension of alveoli ...
... Regenerate type I and type II cells Mitochondria, RER, Golgi Vacuoles containing the phospholipid surfactant Surfactant lowers surface tension of alveoli ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.