Calcium-Containing Organelles Display Unique Reactivity to
... before loading with the second dye, so that Fluo-3 fluorescence was no longer seen. Solutions and drugs. The recording medium contained (in mM): 129 NaCl, 4 KCl, 1 MgCl2, 2 CaCl2, 4.2 glucose, and 10 HEPES, along with 0.5 mM tetrodotoxin. pH was adjusted to 7.4 with NaOH, and osmolarity to 320 mOsm ...
... before loading with the second dye, so that Fluo-3 fluorescence was no longer seen. Solutions and drugs. The recording medium contained (in mM): 129 NaCl, 4 KCl, 1 MgCl2, 2 CaCl2, 4.2 glucose, and 10 HEPES, along with 0.5 mM tetrodotoxin. pH was adjusted to 7.4 with NaOH, and osmolarity to 320 mOsm ...
Differential expression of genes under control of the
... the mating-type genes of S. cornmane have been cloned (Mulder & Wessels, 1986). The sequences of five of these, belonging to two different gene families and encoding abundant mRNAs, have been reported. The SC7/SC14 family encodes dikaryon-specific hydrophilic proteins with homology to pathogenesis-r ...
... the mating-type genes of S. cornmane have been cloned (Mulder & Wessels, 1986). The sequences of five of these, belonging to two different gene families and encoding abundant mRNAs, have been reported. The SC7/SC14 family encodes dikaryon-specific hydrophilic proteins with homology to pathogenesis-r ...
Saccharomyces boulardii Using Intraspecific Protoplast Fusion
... S.b.M3) (lys -´arg -) and their parents; S.b.M1(ad -), S.b.M2 (lys -) and S.b.M 3 (arg -) as well as the wild type strain (S. boulardii ) were examined by Electron microscope and tested for their anti-microbial activities, tolerance to low pH and 3% bile salt. Results showed that the number of intac ...
... S.b.M3) (lys -´arg -) and their parents; S.b.M1(ad -), S.b.M2 (lys -) and S.b.M 3 (arg -) as well as the wild type strain (S. boulardii ) were examined by Electron microscope and tested for their anti-microbial activities, tolerance to low pH and 3% bile salt. Results showed that the number of intac ...
Generation of the podocyte and tubular components
... mesonephros is much simpler in structure than the metanephros, being a linear organ with only a few nephrons per body segment, and thus easier to manipulate and analyze. The current study investigated the initial stages of podocyte and tubule specification in the avian mesonephros. It was found that ...
... mesonephros is much simpler in structure than the metanephros, being a linear organ with only a few nephrons per body segment, and thus easier to manipulate and analyze. The current study investigated the initial stages of podocyte and tubule specification in the avian mesonephros. It was found that ...
Mesoderm commitment to hematopoiesis - Development
... lineages in immediate proximity to each other (Haar and Ackerman, 1971). This observation provided the basis for the hypothesis, first put forward in the early 1900s, that these lineages derive from a common bi-potential precursor, a cell termed the hemangioblast (Sabin, 1920; Murray, 1932; and revi ...
... lineages in immediate proximity to each other (Haar and Ackerman, 1971). This observation provided the basis for the hypothesis, first put forward in the early 1900s, that these lineages derive from a common bi-potential precursor, a cell termed the hemangioblast (Sabin, 1920; Murray, 1932; and revi ...
Function Antigens but with Altered Cytokine Secretion Cells To
... pathogen Ags because, by definition, these are not available at the site of indirect activation. This fact, and the observation that ind-mDCs do not secrete cytokines, has led to the logical conclusion that indmDCs do not participate in immunity against foreign Ags (11, 12). In this article, we repo ...
... pathogen Ags because, by definition, these are not available at the site of indirect activation. This fact, and the observation that ind-mDCs do not secrete cytokines, has led to the logical conclusion that indmDCs do not participate in immunity against foreign Ags (11, 12). In this article, we repo ...
Effector-triggered defence against apoplastic fungal pathogens
... considering conserved effectors as not significantly different from PAMPs, without knowledge of their essential functions [7]. PTI has sometimes been defined as PRRtriggered immunity [5]. In addition to their original role in PAMP recognition [6], it was proposed that PRRs directly or indirectly rec ...
... considering conserved effectors as not significantly different from PAMPs, without knowledge of their essential functions [7]. PTI has sometimes been defined as PRRtriggered immunity [5]. In addition to their original role in PAMP recognition [6], it was proposed that PRRs directly or indirectly rec ...
PDF
... p = 0.0234) (Figures 1A,B). In contrast, the proliferation of naïve Cbl-b−/− CD8+ T cells was not suppressed by PD-L1 Ig (mean % CFSE-diluted cells: control Ig: 85.2%, mean PD-L1 Ig: 82.5%; p = 0.204) (Figures 1A,B). Thus, the mean percent suppression of CFSE-diluted WT CD8+ T cells by PD-L1 Ig was ...
... p = 0.0234) (Figures 1A,B). In contrast, the proliferation of naïve Cbl-b−/− CD8+ T cells was not suppressed by PD-L1 Ig (mean % CFSE-diluted cells: control Ig: 85.2%, mean PD-L1 Ig: 82.5%; p = 0.204) (Figures 1A,B). Thus, the mean percent suppression of CFSE-diluted WT CD8+ T cells by PD-L1 Ig was ...
PDF - International Journal of Biological Sciences
... with many accessory proteins. The dynamic reassembly of this intracellular protein network regulates the cell shape, cellular adhesions to the extracellular matrix, and mechanical compliances, i.e., elastic moduli [5, 6]. Such mechanical events are orchestrated to generate cells’ directional movemen ...
... with many accessory proteins. The dynamic reassembly of this intracellular protein network regulates the cell shape, cellular adhesions to the extracellular matrix, and mechanical compliances, i.e., elastic moduli [5, 6]. Such mechanical events are orchestrated to generate cells’ directional movemen ...
Emerging Themes of Plant Signal Transduction
... is thought to have a different physiological role (Whitelam and Harberd, 1994). Holophytochromeis a dimer containing a linear, covalently bound chromophore that mediates light perception. The photoreceptor is synthesized in the redabsorbing Pr form, and absorption of red light alters its conformatio ...
... is thought to have a different physiological role (Whitelam and Harberd, 1994). Holophytochromeis a dimer containing a linear, covalently bound chromophore that mediates light perception. The photoreceptor is synthesized in the redabsorbing Pr form, and absorption of red light alters its conformatio ...
Handout
... • Actin-nucleating factors accelerate polymerization and generate branched or straight filaments. • Actin filament-binding proteins alter filament dynamics. • Severing proteins regulate actin filament depolymerization. • Higher-order actin filament arrays influence cellular mechanical properties ...
... • Actin-nucleating factors accelerate polymerization and generate branched or straight filaments. • Actin filament-binding proteins alter filament dynamics. • Severing proteins regulate actin filament depolymerization. • Higher-order actin filament arrays influence cellular mechanical properties ...
Ultrastructural studies of t /t mouse embryos
... Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage stages. Usually there is ...
... Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage stages. Usually there is ...
plantcell.org
... The full-length meg1 cDNA contained an open reading frame of 88 amino acids (Figure 4A), encoding a predicted 9794-D protein with a pI of 7.5. The MEG1 polypeptide contains a hydrophobic N-terminal region with characteristics of a 27–amino acid signal peptide (von Heijne, 1986). Detailed analysis id ...
... The full-length meg1 cDNA contained an open reading frame of 88 amino acids (Figure 4A), encoding a predicted 9794-D protein with a pI of 7.5. The MEG1 polypeptide contains a hydrophobic N-terminal region with characteristics of a 27–amino acid signal peptide (von Heijne, 1986). Detailed analysis id ...
Я-Amyloid-Induced Synthesis of the Ganglioside Gd3 Is a Requisite
... higher than in control cultures, 16 hr after the addition of AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all ...
... higher than in control cultures, 16 hr after the addition of AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all ...
Archenteron precursor cells can organize secondary axial structures
... formed by the implanted cells. The labeled micromere descendants form the skeleton around the unlabeled, induced archenteron, aligned with the dorsoventral axis of the host (Ransick and Davidson, 1993). Although the models of Davidson (1989, 1993) favor a cascade of sequential inductive interactions ...
... formed by the implanted cells. The labeled micromere descendants form the skeleton around the unlabeled, induced archenteron, aligned with the dorsoventral axis of the host (Ransick and Davidson, 1993). Although the models of Davidson (1989, 1993) favor a cascade of sequential inductive interactions ...
Generation of the podocyte and tubular components
... mesonephros is much simpler in structure than the metanephros, being a linear organ with only a few nephrons per body segment, and thus easier to manipulate and analyze. The current study investigated the initial stages of podocyte and tubule specification in the avian mesonephros. It was found that ...
... mesonephros is much simpler in structure than the metanephros, being a linear organ with only a few nephrons per body segment, and thus easier to manipulate and analyze. The current study investigated the initial stages of podocyte and tubule specification in the avian mesonephros. It was found that ...
The effective nuclear delivery of doxorubicin from dextran
... agents such as doxorubicin (Dox), because their cytotoxic activity depends on its intercalation with DNA and subsequent inhibition of topoisomerase II to block DNA replication inside the nucleus [17]. Therefore, the development of drug delivery platforms with the capacity to translocate drugs to the ...
... agents such as doxorubicin (Dox), because their cytotoxic activity depends on its intercalation with DNA and subsequent inhibition of topoisomerase II to block DNA replication inside the nucleus [17]. Therefore, the development of drug delivery platforms with the capacity to translocate drugs to the ...
GLUT2 intracytoplasmic loop transmits glucose signaling
... process involving the detection of extracellular glucose levels, followed by the transduction to the nucleus of a glucose repression or induction signal. Hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells both stimulate gene transcription in response to high glucose concentrations (Chen et al., 1990; Girard et al., ...
... process involving the detection of extracellular glucose levels, followed by the transduction to the nucleus of a glucose repression or induction signal. Hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells both stimulate gene transcription in response to high glucose concentrations (Chen et al., 1990; Girard et al., ...
Becke S, Fabre-Mersseman V, Aue S, Auerochs S
... this, we showed previously that pp65 is dispensable for growth in HFF. In the process of refining a DB-based vaccine candidate, different HCMV mutants were generated, expressing a dominant HLA-A2-presented peptide of the IE1 protein fused to pp65. One of the mutant viruses (RV-VM1) surprisingly show ...
... this, we showed previously that pp65 is dispensable for growth in HFF. In the process of refining a DB-based vaccine candidate, different HCMV mutants were generated, expressing a dominant HLA-A2-presented peptide of the IE1 protein fused to pp65. One of the mutant viruses (RV-VM1) surprisingly show ...
Light-Dependent Intracellular Positioning of Mitochondria in
... using Arabidopsis thaliana identified phototropin (phot) as the photoreceptor involved in blue-light-dependent chloroplast movement. The accumulation response is mediated by both phot1 and phot2 redundantly, whereas the avoidance response is mediated solely by phot2 (Jarillo et al. 2001, Kagawa et al ...
... using Arabidopsis thaliana identified phototropin (phot) as the photoreceptor involved in blue-light-dependent chloroplast movement. The accumulation response is mediated by both phot1 and phot2 redundantly, whereas the avoidance response is mediated solely by phot2 (Jarillo et al. 2001, Kagawa et al ...
Muscle precursor cells isolated from aged rats exhibit
... In skeletal muscle, the resident stem cells responsible for growth and repair exist primarily as a quiescent population of cells located between the basal lamina and plasmalemma. Based on their anatomical location, these stem cells were first termed satellite cells in 1961 (Mauro, 1961). In response ...
... In skeletal muscle, the resident stem cells responsible for growth and repair exist primarily as a quiescent population of cells located between the basal lamina and plasmalemma. Based on their anatomical location, these stem cells were first termed satellite cells in 1961 (Mauro, 1961). In response ...
Leukaemia Section Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... 3 main histopathological types are found: - The common type, characterized by large lymphoid cells with horseshoe shaped nuclei with many nucleoli, and large cytoplasm; may be ALK + or - ALCL, - The small cell type, together with the above described cells, show small and medium sized cells; almost e ...
... 3 main histopathological types are found: - The common type, characterized by large lymphoid cells with horseshoe shaped nuclei with many nucleoli, and large cytoplasm; may be ALK + or - ALCL, - The small cell type, together with the above described cells, show small and medium sized cells; almost e ...
Firing Properties of Hippocampal Neurons in a Visually Symmetrical
... that, when any subsetof the experimenter-defined cuesis removed, fields in many casesare unaffected, regardlessof which particular cuesare removed. Additional studieshave shownthat fields can maintain their position when all visual cuesare removed, provided that the animal is first allowed to orient ...
... that, when any subsetof the experimenter-defined cuesis removed, fields in many casesare unaffected, regardlessof which particular cuesare removed. Additional studieshave shownthat fields can maintain their position when all visual cuesare removed, provided that the animal is first allowed to orient ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.