Pex5p stabilizes Pex14p: a study using a newly isolated pex5 CHO
... protein import via PTS1 by transporting its cargo PTS1 proteins into peroxisomes by binding to its initial target Pex14p [13]. Furthermore, Pex5pL is indispensable for PTS2 protein import by specific interaction with Pex7p via the additional insertion and the proximal region to translocate the Pex7p ...
... protein import via PTS1 by transporting its cargo PTS1 proteins into peroxisomes by binding to its initial target Pex14p [13]. Furthermore, Pex5pL is indispensable for PTS2 protein import by specific interaction with Pex7p via the additional insertion and the proximal region to translocate the Pex7p ...
Resident in Normal Skin T Cells Are + The Vast Majority of CLA
... produced by these fibroblasts induce the migration of T cells out of explants, where they can be collected and studied. Although this method requires a culture period, it yields a significant number of T cells. We report in this study the isolation and characterization of the T cells resident in nor ...
... produced by these fibroblasts induce the migration of T cells out of explants, where they can be collected and studied. Although this method requires a culture period, it yields a significant number of T cells. We report in this study the isolation and characterization of the T cells resident in nor ...
Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) cascades are signal transduction modules highly conserved in all eukaryotes regulating various aspects of plant biology, including stress responses and developmental programmes. In this study, we characterized the role of MAPK 6 (MPK6) in Arabidopsis embryo d ...
... Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) cascades are signal transduction modules highly conserved in all eukaryotes regulating various aspects of plant biology, including stress responses and developmental programmes. In this study, we characterized the role of MAPK 6 (MPK6) in Arabidopsis embryo d ...
Oscillations of the Snail Genes in the Presomitic Mesoderm
... pathways involved in the mechanism of the segmentation clock that can compensate in part for the loss of NOTCH (Rida et al., 2004). Oscillations of Axin2 and Nkd1, two members of the WNT signaling pathway in the mouse PSM, recently implicated this pathway in the segmentation clock (Aulehla et al., 2 ...
... pathways involved in the mechanism of the segmentation clock that can compensate in part for the loss of NOTCH (Rida et al., 2004). Oscillations of Axin2 and Nkd1, two members of the WNT signaling pathway in the mouse PSM, recently implicated this pathway in the segmentation clock (Aulehla et al., 2 ...
Intracellular Redox Compartmentation and ROS
... Chloroplast and mitochondrial outer membranes are permeable to most metabolites, although attention has been drawn to possible selectivity even at this level (Bolter and Soll, 2001). The inner membranes are a significant barrier to metabolite movement, and transporters are therefore required (Fig. 2 ...
... Chloroplast and mitochondrial outer membranes are permeable to most metabolites, although attention has been drawn to possible selectivity even at this level (Bolter and Soll, 2001). The inner membranes are a significant barrier to metabolite movement, and transporters are therefore required (Fig. 2 ...
PDF - Bezanilla Lab
... Plants have been particularly challenging, because most angiosperms contain many formin genes (11). For example, Arabidopsis thaliana has 21 formins that group into 2 distinct families based on the FH2 domain sequence (12). We have chosen to investigate formin function in an emerging model plant, th ...
... Plants have been particularly challenging, because most angiosperms contain many formin genes (11). For example, Arabidopsis thaliana has 21 formins that group into 2 distinct families based on the FH2 domain sequence (12). We have chosen to investigate formin function in an emerging model plant, th ...
Cagnac, O., Leterrier, M., Yeager, M. and Blumwald, E. (2007).
... seems to be predominant over Trk2p, since trk1 mutants lose the ability to grow in low K⫹ media (1, 2). Trk2p, the low affinity K⫹ transporter, is able to substitute Trk1p activity only under K⫹ limiting conditions or at low pH (3). Na⫹ and other alkali cations enter the cell through K⫹ uptake syste ...
... seems to be predominant over Trk2p, since trk1 mutants lose the ability to grow in low K⫹ media (1, 2). Trk2p, the low affinity K⫹ transporter, is able to substitute Trk1p activity only under K⫹ limiting conditions or at low pH (3). Na⫹ and other alkali cations enter the cell through K⫹ uptake syste ...
Plant responses to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and crown gall
... addressed the question about the molecular mechanism and the signaling pathways by which these phytohormones influence host cell susceptibility. Transcriptome microarray data from 3 h after inoculation of Agrobacterium strain C58 into Arabidopsis stems revealed that the genes known to be involved in ...
... addressed the question about the molecular mechanism and the signaling pathways by which these phytohormones influence host cell susceptibility. Transcriptome microarray data from 3 h after inoculation of Agrobacterium strain C58 into Arabidopsis stems revealed that the genes known to be involved in ...
Integration of the olfactory code across dendritic
... brain. We exploited the unique morphology of neurons in the Drosophila mushroom body, which receive input on large dendritic claws. Imaging odor responses of these dendritic claws revealed that input channels with distinct odor tuning converge on individual mushroom body neurons. We determined how t ...
... brain. We exploited the unique morphology of neurons in the Drosophila mushroom body, which receive input on large dendritic claws. Imaging odor responses of these dendritic claws revealed that input channels with distinct odor tuning converge on individual mushroom body neurons. We determined how t ...
Transcriptional mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle
... The morphogenetic events that are involved in the formation of the myotome have been extensively studied. Cell tracing methods have shown that a first wave of myogenic factor 5 (MYF5)-expressing muscle progenitor cells, which progressively withdraw from the cell cycle, delaminate and migrate towards ...
... The morphogenetic events that are involved in the formation of the myotome have been extensively studied. Cell tracing methods have shown that a first wave of myogenic factor 5 (MYF5)-expressing muscle progenitor cells, which progressively withdraw from the cell cycle, delaminate and migrate towards ...
The expanding universe of alkaloid biosynthesis Vincenzo De Luca
... that is similar to that of chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74). Unlike CHS, however, ACS will not accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA as a substrate. The initial isolation of an ACSI clone (reviewed in [2•]), and the subsequent characterization of the tandemly arranged and 94% homologous ACSII gene [3], reveale ...
... that is similar to that of chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74). Unlike CHS, however, ACS will not accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA as a substrate. The initial isolation of an ACSI clone (reviewed in [2•]), and the subsequent characterization of the tandemly arranged and 94% homologous ACSII gene [3], reveale ...
Prevention of gastrointestinal tumors based on adenomatous
... or prevent tumor development. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified that are recognized by specific T cell receptors (12). The recognition of TAA peptides by CTLs can result in the rejection of tumors (13, 14). However, tumors use several mechanisms to escape CTL-mediated killing, in ...
... or prevent tumor development. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified that are recognized by specific T cell receptors (12). The recognition of TAA peptides by CTLs can result in the rejection of tumors (13, 14). However, tumors use several mechanisms to escape CTL-mediated killing, in ...
Subset-Specific Reductions in Lung Lymphocyte
... the aorta and supplies oxygenated blood directly to the peribronchial and submucosal tissues (2). Depending on the inciting agent and mode of entry, the pulmonary inflammatory response may be alveolar, bronchial and peribronchial, or a combination of both. Recruitment into alveoli generally occurs a ...
... the aorta and supplies oxygenated blood directly to the peribronchial and submucosal tissues (2). Depending on the inciting agent and mode of entry, the pulmonary inflammatory response may be alveolar, bronchial and peribronchial, or a combination of both. Recruitment into alveoli generally occurs a ...
Mitochondria in lung biology and pathology: more than - AJP-Lung
... genome, the mitochondrial genome is tiny. Even if all the mtDNA molecules in cells with high mitochondrial densities are totaled, it is still a small fraction of the size of the nuclear genome. Following from this, mtDNA encodes for only a handful of proteins compared with the many thousands encoded ...
... genome, the mitochondrial genome is tiny. Even if all the mtDNA molecules in cells with high mitochondrial densities are totaled, it is still a small fraction of the size of the nuclear genome. Following from this, mtDNA encodes for only a handful of proteins compared with the many thousands encoded ...
Group-specific effects on coastal bacterioplankton of
... ABSTRACT: Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), produced as secondary metabolites by diatoms, have been shown to induce toxic effects on a variety of organisms, including copepods and phytoand bacterioplankton. However, the nature of and the players in this interaction remain poorly understood. We teste ...
... ABSTRACT: Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), produced as secondary metabolites by diatoms, have been shown to induce toxic effects on a variety of organisms, including copepods and phytoand bacterioplankton. However, the nature of and the players in this interaction remain poorly understood. We teste ...
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit
... outside the traditional ‘wall disassembly leads to fruit softening’ arena. The conventional approach to elucidating fruit softening has typically been based on two strategies: (1) the identification of wall components whose solubility increases and/or polymer size decreases in parallel with decreasi ...
... outside the traditional ‘wall disassembly leads to fruit softening’ arena. The conventional approach to elucidating fruit softening has typically been based on two strategies: (1) the identification of wall components whose solubility increases and/or polymer size decreases in parallel with decreasi ...
Full-Text PDF
... tube that lies dorsal to the notochord in all vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, multiple studies in amphibians, chick, mouse and zebrafish have established that SHH-GLI signalling is the key inducer of ventral identity in the embryonic CNS: graded levels of SHH induce the identity of motor neuron ...
... tube that lies dorsal to the notochord in all vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, multiple studies in amphibians, chick, mouse and zebrafish have established that SHH-GLI signalling is the key inducer of ventral identity in the embryonic CNS: graded levels of SHH induce the identity of motor neuron ...
the roles of apoptotic nucleases in cell death and animal development
... et al. 1992). However, the number of dying cells, the timing of cell death, or the engulfment of cell corpses is normal in nuc-1 mutants (Hedgecock et al. 1983; Wu et al. 2000; Parrish et al. 2001; Parrish and Xue 2003). Furthermore, no genetic interaction has been observed between nuc-1 and other c ...
... et al. 1992). However, the number of dying cells, the timing of cell death, or the engulfment of cell corpses is normal in nuc-1 mutants (Hedgecock et al. 1983; Wu et al. 2000; Parrish et al. 2001; Parrish and Xue 2003). Furthermore, no genetic interaction has been observed between nuc-1 and other c ...
PDF
... regulated by a derepression mechanism, which is mediated by the products of the pmar1 and hesC genes. Here, we show that the activation of the skeletogenic network occurs by a mechanism that is distinct from the transcriptional repression of hesC. By means of quantitative, fluorescent whole-mount in ...
... regulated by a derepression mechanism, which is mediated by the products of the pmar1 and hesC genes. Here, we show that the activation of the skeletogenic network occurs by a mechanism that is distinct from the transcriptional repression of hesC. By means of quantitative, fluorescent whole-mount in ...
Abstract Panax ginseng Meyer, belonging to the genus Panax of the
... (Panax quinquefolius L.,Xiyangshen) which all belong to the Panax genus of the Araliaceae family [3]. Asian ginseng has been used for thousands of years as a tonic to improve overall health, restore the body to balance, help the body to heal itself, and reduce stress [4], and American ginseng has be ...
... (Panax quinquefolius L.,Xiyangshen) which all belong to the Panax genus of the Araliaceae family [3]. Asian ginseng has been used for thousands of years as a tonic to improve overall health, restore the body to balance, help the body to heal itself, and reduce stress [4], and American ginseng has be ...
Western et al., 2001 - UBC Blogs
... involves a regulated series of cytological events including growth, cytoplasmic rearrangement, mucilage synthesis, and secondary cell wall production. We have tested the potential of Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells as a model system for the genetic analysis of these processes. A screen for mut ...
... involves a regulated series of cytological events including growth, cytoplasmic rearrangement, mucilage synthesis, and secondary cell wall production. We have tested the potential of Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells as a model system for the genetic analysis of these processes. A screen for mut ...
Evaluating hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotes
... instead aim to generalise the main features of a large number of models (see Martin et al.,(13) and Embley and Martin(3) for detailed reviews of specific models). (i) Fusion, where one partner is an archaeon, the other is a bacterium. Fusion implies physical fusion of two cells, creating a single ne ...
... instead aim to generalise the main features of a large number of models (see Martin et al.,(13) and Embley and Martin(3) for detailed reviews of specific models). (i) Fusion, where one partner is an archaeon, the other is a bacterium. Fusion implies physical fusion of two cells, creating a single ne ...
Nucleolar localization of an isoform of the IGF
... To test the role of IGF-I domains in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, chimeras were constructed that deleted part of exon 3 encoding the B and C domains (2-G-4-5 and 1-G-4-5). The clear nuclear and nucleolar localization remained when the 2-G-4-5 construction was overexpressed (Fig. 5A). Howe ...
... To test the role of IGF-I domains in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, chimeras were constructed that deleted part of exon 3 encoding the B and C domains (2-G-4-5 and 1-G-4-5). The clear nuclear and nucleolar localization remained when the 2-G-4-5 construction was overexpressed (Fig. 5A). Howe ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.