(Hsp90) inhibitors
... Herein we show that the phenotype of Hsp90 knockdown cells using CRISPR technology is significantly different to that generated when cells are treated with classical inhibitors. We reveal that drugs acting via mechanisms unrelated to Hsp90 induce a similar phenotype to that produced by classical Hsp ...
... Herein we show that the phenotype of Hsp90 knockdown cells using CRISPR technology is significantly different to that generated when cells are treated with classical inhibitors. We reveal that drugs acting via mechanisms unrelated to Hsp90 induce a similar phenotype to that produced by classical Hsp ...
Neurogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
... The nervous system of the C. elegans hermaphrodite is composed of 302 neurons that are organized in several ganglia in the head and tail and into a spinal cord-like ventral nerve cord (Figure 1A) (White et al., 1986) (a detailed description of the anatomy of the nervous system can be found at WormAt ...
... The nervous system of the C. elegans hermaphrodite is composed of 302 neurons that are organized in several ganglia in the head and tail and into a spinal cord-like ventral nerve cord (Figure 1A) (White et al., 1986) (a detailed description of the anatomy of the nervous system can be found at WormAt ...
COMMUNICATION Redefining the phenotype of Heat shock protein 90
... Herein we show that the phenotype of Hsp90 knockdown cells using CRISPR technology is significantly different to that generated when cells are treated with classical inhibitors. We reveal that drugs acting via mechanisms unrelated to Hsp90 induce a similar phenotype to that produced by classical Hsp ...
... Herein we show that the phenotype of Hsp90 knockdown cells using CRISPR technology is significantly different to that generated when cells are treated with classical inhibitors. We reveal that drugs acting via mechanisms unrelated to Hsp90 induce a similar phenotype to that produced by classical Hsp ...
The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Department of
... Email: rwhitsed@unimelb.edu.au ...
... Email: rwhitsed@unimelb.edu.au ...
Regulation of tubulin heterodimer partitioning during interphase and
... counteracted by MAP4. These studies also established Op18 and MAP4 as the predominant regulators of tubulin subunit partitioning in all three human cell model systems studied. Moreover, consistent with phosphorylation-inactivation of these two proteins during mitosis, we found that the microtubule-r ...
... counteracted by MAP4. These studies also established Op18 and MAP4 as the predominant regulators of tubulin subunit partitioning in all three human cell model systems studied. Moreover, consistent with phosphorylation-inactivation of these two proteins during mitosis, we found that the microtubule-r ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... unknown downstream signals through its kinase domain. FEI1 and FEI2 have been speculated to bind to the ACS complex to aid in ACC synthesis, which is important for cell wall maintenance. Other cell wall integrity sensing RLKs will likely be characterized in the future. Through BRI1/BAK1, BR signalin ...
... unknown downstream signals through its kinase domain. FEI1 and FEI2 have been speculated to bind to the ACS complex to aid in ACC synthesis, which is important for cell wall maintenance. Other cell wall integrity sensing RLKs will likely be characterized in the future. Through BRI1/BAK1, BR signalin ...
Calcium-Dependent Prevention of Neuronal Apoptosis by Lithium Ion
... Cortical neurons treated with Li⫹ revealed an immediate increase in [Ca2⫹]i. This increase was maximally observed within 2 min after exposure to Li⫹ (Fig. 2, a and b). Thereafter, Li⫹-induced increase in [Ca2⫹]i rapidly declined but remained up to 2.5-fold higher than basal level until analyzed over ...
... Cortical neurons treated with Li⫹ revealed an immediate increase in [Ca2⫹]i. This increase was maximally observed within 2 min after exposure to Li⫹ (Fig. 2, a and b). Thereafter, Li⫹-induced increase in [Ca2⫹]i rapidly declined but remained up to 2.5-fold higher than basal level until analyzed over ...
Separate Metabolic Pathways Leading to DNA Fragmentation
... expected, the chromatin in untreated nuclei was found to be homogeneouslydistributed and showed no condensation (Fig. 2, a and d). The effects of different concentrations of micrococcal nuclease and different digestion times on DNA degradation were next assessed, in order to determine if there is a ...
... expected, the chromatin in untreated nuclei was found to be homogeneouslydistributed and showed no condensation (Fig. 2, a and d). The effects of different concentrations of micrococcal nuclease and different digestion times on DNA degradation were next assessed, in order to determine if there is a ...
The Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Exports
... Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic ␣-linked galactopyranosyl (␣-Gal) epitopes ...
... Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic ␣-linked galactopyranosyl (␣-Gal) epitopes ...
Integration of light and metabolic signals for stem cell
... mutants when supplemented with sugar as external energy source (Figure 1B, see ...
... mutants when supplemented with sugar as external energy source (Figure 1B, see ...
Organization of the Sea Urchin Egg Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
Assembly of Trunk and Limb Blood Vessels Involves Extensive
... ibly to host vasculature, the caveat that grafting may perturb normal developmental processes exists. To determine whether somite-derived cells migrated and contributed to the vasculature in a nongraft situation, the cell tracker DiI was injected into the center of quail embryo somites, and the labe ...
... ibly to host vasculature, the caveat that grafting may perturb normal developmental processes exists. To determine whether somite-derived cells migrated and contributed to the vasculature in a nongraft situation, the cell tracker DiI was injected into the center of quail embryo somites, and the labe ...
Regulatory roles of cyclin dependent kinase phosphorylation in cell
... [1]. Active, T161-phosphorylated and cyclin-bound Cdk can be inhibited by phosphorylation of two conserved residues within the catalytic cleft (residues Tyrl5 [Y15] and T h r l 4 [T14] in human Cdc2; see Fig. 1). Although these regulatory phosphorylations were identified on, and are best characteriz ...
... [1]. Active, T161-phosphorylated and cyclin-bound Cdk can be inhibited by phosphorylation of two conserved residues within the catalytic cleft (residues Tyrl5 [Y15] and T h r l 4 [T14] in human Cdc2; see Fig. 1). Although these regulatory phosphorylations were identified on, and are best characteriz ...
Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in
... Figure 2 pin3 mutants. a, Exon/intron organization of PIN3 on chromosome 1 showing positions of En-1 elements in pin3-1 and -2 alleles. b, c, pin3 hypocotyls are defective in gravitropic (b) as well as phototropic (c) responses. Scale bars, 500 mm. d, pin3 mutants are defective in root gravitropism. ...
... Figure 2 pin3 mutants. a, Exon/intron organization of PIN3 on chromosome 1 showing positions of En-1 elements in pin3-1 and -2 alleles. b, c, pin3 hypocotyls are defective in gravitropic (b) as well as phototropic (c) responses. Scale bars, 500 mm. d, pin3 mutants are defective in root gravitropism. ...
07-Feinstein 614.indd - The octopus research group at the Hebrew
... case where two synapses (S) were seen on the same muscle fiber. Panels A and B are enlargements of each synapse. Arrowheads mark the area of contact between the nerve and muscle. Note that, while the left synapse is embedded within the muscle cell, the other shows a more superficial contact. ...
... case where two synapses (S) were seen on the same muscle fiber. Panels A and B are enlargements of each synapse. Arrowheads mark the area of contact between the nerve and muscle. Note that, while the left synapse is embedded within the muscle cell, the other shows a more superficial contact. ...
Salivary gland development in Drosophila
... shape and internalize. A salivary gland tube forms and elongates dorsally, as additional cells invaginate and become internalized. After elongating dorsally, cells in the salivary gland tube migrate posteriorly so that about one-third of the tube is bent towards the posterior end (Fig. 1B). Towards ...
... shape and internalize. A salivary gland tube forms and elongates dorsally, as additional cells invaginate and become internalized. After elongating dorsally, cells in the salivary gland tube migrate posteriorly so that about one-third of the tube is bent towards the posterior end (Fig. 1B). Towards ...
Novel role for the Lu/BCAM–spectrin interaction in actin cytoskeleton
... 100 units/ml antibiotic/antimycotic, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids. MDCK cells (A.T.C.C., CCL34) were maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium) Glutamax I supplemented with 10 % FBS, 100 units/ml antibiotic/antimycotic and 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids. B ...
... 100 units/ml antibiotic/antimycotic, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids. MDCK cells (A.T.C.C., CCL34) were maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium) Glutamax I supplemented with 10 % FBS, 100 units/ml antibiotic/antimycotic and 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids. B ...
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... opposing fates, the cell is still able to resolve these inputs into a robust cell-fate decision. Commonly, this is resolved into a WntON/Notch-OFF response (Uyttendaele et al., 1998). However, how this occurs mechanistically is poorly understood. One possibility is direct inhibitory crosstalk with d ...
... opposing fates, the cell is still able to resolve these inputs into a robust cell-fate decision. Commonly, this is resolved into a WntON/Notch-OFF response (Uyttendaele et al., 1998). However, how this occurs mechanistically is poorly understood. One possibility is direct inhibitory crosstalk with d ...
Effects of the regulatory proteins MITF and TFEB on
... The mTORC1 proteincomplex reacts mainly to intracellular amino acids levels, so when amino acids are abundant mTORC1 remains active and represses autophagy. The activation of mTORC1 is based on the translocation of mTOR from the cytosol to the lysosomal membrane where it resides while in an active m ...
... The mTORC1 proteincomplex reacts mainly to intracellular amino acids levels, so when amino acids are abundant mTORC1 remains active and represses autophagy. The activation of mTORC1 is based on the translocation of mTOR from the cytosol to the lysosomal membrane where it resides while in an active m ...
Lipid raft–associated protein sorting in exosomes
... other cells.3-7 Exosomes correspond to internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released in the extracellular medium upon fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane. Exosome secretion was shown to be responsible for the loss of transferrin receptors (TfRs) during reticulocyte maturatio ...
... other cells.3-7 Exosomes correspond to internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released in the extracellular medium upon fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane. Exosome secretion was shown to be responsible for the loss of transferrin receptors (TfRs) during reticulocyte maturatio ...
Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) cascades are signal transduction modules highly conserved in all eukaryotes regulating various aspects of plant biology, including stress responses and developmental programmes. In this study, we characterized the role of MAPK 6 (MPK6) in Arabidopsis embryo d ...
... Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) cascades are signal transduction modules highly conserved in all eukaryotes regulating various aspects of plant biology, including stress responses and developmental programmes. In this study, we characterized the role of MAPK 6 (MPK6) in Arabidopsis embryo d ...
Apoptotic and Epigenetic Induction of Embryo Failure Following
... (IVF) blastocyst stage embryos. The methylation profiles obtained from these experiments indicate that methylation patterns of the POU5F1 gene were undermethylated compared to IVF embryos, suggesting reprogramming did occur, but that the reduced methylation was inappropriate for the blastocyst stage ...
... (IVF) blastocyst stage embryos. The methylation profiles obtained from these experiments indicate that methylation patterns of the POU5F1 gene were undermethylated compared to IVF embryos, suggesting reprogramming did occur, but that the reduced methylation was inappropriate for the blastocyst stage ...
Regulation of DNA replication during development
... Finally, we present recent studies on the mechanism by which DNA copy number is altered through differential DNA replication during development. Assembly and activation of the pre-replicative complex DNA replication initiates at cis-acting sites in the genome termed origins of replication (see Gloss ...
... Finally, we present recent studies on the mechanism by which DNA copy number is altered through differential DNA replication during development. Assembly and activation of the pre-replicative complex DNA replication initiates at cis-acting sites in the genome termed origins of replication (see Gloss ...
Lab Part 1: Culturing and Isolating Bacteria
... 17. Spiral bacteria are called ____________________. 18. Round bacteria are called ____________________. 19. Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________. 20. A species of bacteria that lives in the intestines of many mammals is ____________________ ...
... 17. Spiral bacteria are called ____________________. 18. Round bacteria are called ____________________. 19. Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________. 20. A species of bacteria that lives in the intestines of many mammals is ____________________ ...
Pex5p stabilizes Pex14p: a study using a newly isolated pex5 CHO
... protein import via PTS1 by transporting its cargo PTS1 proteins into peroxisomes by binding to its initial target Pex14p [13]. Furthermore, Pex5pL is indispensable for PTS2 protein import by specific interaction with Pex7p via the additional insertion and the proximal region to translocate the Pex7p ...
... protein import via PTS1 by transporting its cargo PTS1 proteins into peroxisomes by binding to its initial target Pex14p [13]. Furthermore, Pex5pL is indispensable for PTS2 protein import by specific interaction with Pex7p via the additional insertion and the proximal region to translocate the Pex7p ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.