pdf, 1.5 MB - The Nebenführ Lab
... Cloning of Soybean a-1,2 Mannosidase I The enzyme a-1,2 mannosidase I belongs to the class I a-mannosidases, a family of enzymes which remove a-1,2mannosyl residues from the high Man N-linked oligosaccharides that are synthesized in the ER (Moremen et al., 1994). These are the first modification rea ...
... Cloning of Soybean a-1,2 Mannosidase I The enzyme a-1,2 mannosidase I belongs to the class I a-mannosidases, a family of enzymes which remove a-1,2mannosyl residues from the high Man N-linked oligosaccharides that are synthesized in the ER (Moremen et al., 1994). These are the first modification rea ...
Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral responses
... formed as a result of replication or convergent transcription of viral genomes (reviewed in Jacobs & Langland, 1996). The induction of IFN-β occurs primarily at the level of transcriptional initiation (see Fig. 2). The key induction event is the redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of th ...
... formed as a result of replication or convergent transcription of viral genomes (reviewed in Jacobs & Langland, 1996). The induction of IFN-β occurs primarily at the level of transcriptional initiation (see Fig. 2). The key induction event is the redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of th ...
University of Groningen Bacillus subtilis at near
... Retentostat cultivation of B. subtilis A bioreactor consists of many parts, and with a typical experimental duration of more than 40 days, there are many risks of failure that render a retentostat cultivation useless for further analysis. A number of adaptations to the retentostat setup, such as the ...
... Retentostat cultivation of B. subtilis A bioreactor consists of many parts, and with a typical experimental duration of more than 40 days, there are many risks of failure that render a retentostat cultivation useless for further analysis. A number of adaptations to the retentostat setup, such as the ...
Endodermal origin of yolk-sac-derived teratomas
... After displacement, the rodent visceral yolk sac differentiates into benign teratomas containing derivatives of all three germ layers. This differentiation was observed in the following: (1) the visceral yolk sac pulled outside the uterus after fetectomy (Sobis and Vandeputte, 1974, 1977, 1979); (2) ...
... After displacement, the rodent visceral yolk sac differentiates into benign teratomas containing derivatives of all three germ layers. This differentiation was observed in the following: (1) the visceral yolk sac pulled outside the uterus after fetectomy (Sobis and Vandeputte, 1974, 1977, 1979); (2) ...
Novel Regulators of Vascular Development in Arabidopsis
... Xylem, the water transporting tissue, differentiates from the procambium during primary development, as mentioned above. In the Arabidopsis root, 4–5 cell files of xylem vessels are formed in the central axis of the vascular cylinder (Figure 2). During differentiation, the xylem vessels develop lign ...
... Xylem, the water transporting tissue, differentiates from the procambium during primary development, as mentioned above. In the Arabidopsis root, 4–5 cell files of xylem vessels are formed in the central axis of the vascular cylinder (Figure 2). During differentiation, the xylem vessels develop lign ...
Review Robustness of Cellular Functions
... et al., 1999; Lauffenburger, 2000). Shielding certain functions of a system may require additional control loops; this shielding leads to higher complexity and new potential sources of fragility (Carlson and Doyle, 2002). Cancer offers an intuitive illustration for these concepts. Under “normal oper ...
... et al., 1999; Lauffenburger, 2000). Shielding certain functions of a system may require additional control loops; this shielding leads to higher complexity and new potential sources of fragility (Carlson and Doyle, 2002). Cancer offers an intuitive illustration for these concepts. Under “normal oper ...
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as - AJP-Lung
... Received 28 September 2001; accepted in final form 23 October 2001 ...
... Received 28 September 2001; accepted in final form 23 October 2001 ...
Connecting muscles to tendons - Development
... Tendon determination: autonomous versus non-autonomous induction The precise connectivity between muscles, tendons and bones is crucial for optimal locomotion of the organism, yet the pathways involved in this process are poorly understood. Several mechanisms could underlie the accurate connectivity ...
... Tendon determination: autonomous versus non-autonomous induction The precise connectivity between muscles, tendons and bones is crucial for optimal locomotion of the organism, yet the pathways involved in this process are poorly understood. Several mechanisms could underlie the accurate connectivity ...
151 Compact cell image projector
... contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell shortening amplitude was recorded during electric stimulation at the average rate of 0.5 Hz with different stimulatory patterns: regular and pseudo-random rhythms, as well as double pulse stimulation. Cells were perfused at 23 ºC ...
... contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell shortening amplitude was recorded during electric stimulation at the average rate of 0.5 Hz with different stimulatory patterns: regular and pseudo-random rhythms, as well as double pulse stimulation. Cells were perfused at 23 ºC ...
Lesson 2 | Asexual Reproduction
... 2. produces genetically identical offspring 3. a technique developed by scientists 4. occurs in nature 5. produces offspring from a cell or a cluster of cells 6. used by unicellular organisms Directions: Place your response on the lines provided. ...
... 2. produces genetically identical offspring 3. a technique developed by scientists 4. occurs in nature 5. produces offspring from a cell or a cluster of cells 6. used by unicellular organisms Directions: Place your response on the lines provided. ...
mycoplasmas in tissue culture
... no chemically defined medium has yet been devised even for the least exacting members of this group. Present knowledge is based on the results obtained with partially defined medium and with only a few strains of mycoplasma. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is wide variation in the nutritional r ...
... no chemically defined medium has yet been devised even for the least exacting members of this group. Present knowledge is based on the results obtained with partially defined medium and with only a few strains of mycoplasma. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is wide variation in the nutritional r ...
FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the
... T-cell death and suggested that FasL expression inhibition could enhance the survival of activated glioma-infiltrating T-cells. Stable FasL Knock-down Decreases Tumor Growth In Vivo by a T-cell Dependent Mechanism The finding that FasL knock-down can enhance T-cell survival in glioma:T-cell cocultur ...
... T-cell death and suggested that FasL expression inhibition could enhance the survival of activated glioma-infiltrating T-cells. Stable FasL Knock-down Decreases Tumor Growth In Vivo by a T-cell Dependent Mechanism The finding that FasL knock-down can enhance T-cell survival in glioma:T-cell cocultur ...
Cytokinin Lecture
... Cytokinin suppresses the size and cell division activity of roots. (A) Wild type (B) Plants over-expressing cytokinin oxidase to reduce the level of cytokinin. Root meristem is indicated in bright blue ...
... Cytokinin suppresses the size and cell division activity of roots. (A) Wild type (B) Plants over-expressing cytokinin oxidase to reduce the level of cytokinin. Root meristem is indicated in bright blue ...
Separate metabolic pathways leading to DNA fragmentation and
... expected, the chromatin in untreated nuclei was found to be homogeneouslydistributed and showed no condensation (Fig. 2, a and d). The effects of different concentrations of micrococcal nuclease and different digestion times on DNA degradation were next assessed, in order to determine if there is a ...
... expected, the chromatin in untreated nuclei was found to be homogeneouslydistributed and showed no condensation (Fig. 2, a and d). The effects of different concentrations of micrococcal nuclease and different digestion times on DNA degradation were next assessed, in order to determine if there is a ...
Construction and applications of yellow fever virus replicons
... Westaway, 1997; Molenkamp et al., 2003; Pang et al., 2001; Shi et al., 2002). The common feature of these replicons is a large internal in-frame deletion that corresponds to the removal of most of the structural protein coding region, which renders the resulting replicons noninfectious. In all cases ...
... Westaway, 1997; Molenkamp et al., 2003; Pang et al., 2001; Shi et al., 2002). The common feature of these replicons is a large internal in-frame deletion that corresponds to the removal of most of the structural protein coding region, which renders the resulting replicons noninfectious. In all cases ...
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... whether the animal is coelomate, pseudocoelomate or acoelomate. Furthermore, cell types, such as blood cells and muscle cells, and organs, such as nephridia, which are not found in sponges and cnidarians, arise from mesoderm. Finally, mesoderm conveys a third dimension to the animal’s body plan with ...
... whether the animal is coelomate, pseudocoelomate or acoelomate. Furthermore, cell types, such as blood cells and muscle cells, and organs, such as nephridia, which are not found in sponges and cnidarians, arise from mesoderm. Finally, mesoderm conveys a third dimension to the animal’s body plan with ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... pairs of membranes enclosing extremely flattened cavities, and "Golgi vesicles" varying in size and form. A chain system of groups of Golgi vesicles is roughly arranged in the form of a horse-shoe or a crescent with which the Golgi lamellae are closely associated. These elements of the Golgi complex ...
... pairs of membranes enclosing extremely flattened cavities, and "Golgi vesicles" varying in size and form. A chain system of groups of Golgi vesicles is roughly arranged in the form of a horse-shoe or a crescent with which the Golgi lamellae are closely associated. These elements of the Golgi complex ...
Hair follicle differentiation: expression, structure and
... protein family, designated KII-9 in the new nomenclature we have adopted and described in the Introduction. The gene has a similar exon/intron structure to the epidermal type II keratin IF genes. In situ hybridization experiments show that the genes are expressed in the hair cortical cells but not i ...
... protein family, designated KII-9 in the new nomenclature we have adopted and described in the Introduction. The gene has a similar exon/intron structure to the epidermal type II keratin IF genes. In situ hybridization experiments show that the genes are expressed in the hair cortical cells but not i ...
REGULATION OF CDC14: PATHWAYS AND CHECKPOINTS OF
... microtubule depolymerization by drug treatment (42). The majority of spindle checkpoint genes identified in this genetic screen regulate the ubiquitin ligase activity of APCCdc20 (43). On the other hand, Bub2 appears to be the only spindle checkpoint gene that negatively regulates the MEN through Te ...
... microtubule depolymerization by drug treatment (42). The majority of spindle checkpoint genes identified in this genetic screen regulate the ubiquitin ligase activity of APCCdc20 (43). On the other hand, Bub2 appears to be the only spindle checkpoint gene that negatively regulates the MEN through Te ...
Microtubule-associated protein 1b is required for shaping the neural
... MT dynamics, suggest MAP1B function differs from the other MAPs [35]. MAP1B is also expressed prior to other members of this family in the nervous system [37–40], as it is observed in neuronal progenitors prior to their last mitotic division [41]. Despite this early expression and function in promot ...
... MT dynamics, suggest MAP1B function differs from the other MAPs [35]. MAP1B is also expressed prior to other members of this family in the nervous system [37–40], as it is observed in neuronal progenitors prior to their last mitotic division [41]. Despite this early expression and function in promot ...
FGF signalling: diverse roles during early vertebrate embryogenesis
... et al., 2009). Whether the same mechanism applies downstream of FGFR signalling is not yet known. The ability of FGF signalling to control morphogenetic movements seems to be conserved throughout evolution because it has been shown that, in the sea urchin, the ligand FGFA and its receptor FGFR2 are ...
... et al., 2009). Whether the same mechanism applies downstream of FGFR signalling is not yet known. The ability of FGF signalling to control morphogenetic movements seems to be conserved throughout evolution because it has been shown that, in the sea urchin, the ligand FGFA and its receptor FGFR2 are ...
Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical
... elegans, the intestine, the pharynx and the hypodermis, are separated by the apical surface, bordered by the C. elegans apical junction (Ce_AJ), and have distinct basolateral surfaces that contact both adjacent cells and the underlying basement membranes. The proteins required for cell polarity are ...
... elegans, the intestine, the pharynx and the hypodermis, are separated by the apical surface, bordered by the C. elegans apical junction (Ce_AJ), and have distinct basolateral surfaces that contact both adjacent cells and the underlying basement membranes. The proteins required for cell polarity are ...
Pass the bicarb: the importance of HCO3 – for mucin release
... Accumulation of thick, sticky mucus is a hallmark of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) and has a central role in CF pathophysiology. Mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) ion channel are known to result in abnormally thick and sticky mucus; however, why mucus accumulates in CF is ...
... Accumulation of thick, sticky mucus is a hallmark of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) and has a central role in CF pathophysiology. Mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) ion channel are known to result in abnormally thick and sticky mucus; however, why mucus accumulates in CF is ...
Plastid degeneration in Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) provides
... As in animals, plant MLBs consist of several concentric membranes, packed together in a vesicle-like compartment. Plants MLBs have been observed in the cytosol and in vacuoles, but have apparently not been reported to deposit their cargo in the apoplast. In contrast to MLBs in animals, no informatio ...
... As in animals, plant MLBs consist of several concentric membranes, packed together in a vesicle-like compartment. Plants MLBs have been observed in the cytosol and in vacuoles, but have apparently not been reported to deposit their cargo in the apoplast. In contrast to MLBs in animals, no informatio ...
FOG1 recruits the NuRD repressor complex to mediate
... not shown). As an additional control, GATA-1 occupancy was determined at the b-major globin gene promoter. Consistent with our previous findings (Letting et al, 2004), high levels of GATA-1-ER were detected at the b-globin promoter whereas GATA-1(V205M)-ER was virtually absent (Supplementary Figure 1 ...
... not shown). As an additional control, GATA-1 occupancy was determined at the b-major globin gene promoter. Consistent with our previous findings (Letting et al, 2004), high levels of GATA-1-ER were detected at the b-globin promoter whereas GATA-1(V205M)-ER was virtually absent (Supplementary Figure 1 ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.