Mosses as model systems for the study of metabolism and
... darkness on medium containing glucose is much reduced in the mutant compared to the wild type (92). Another effect of the inactivation of the gene is to eliminate the effect of glucose on the induction of caulonemal filaments. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the product of the Hxk2 gene, the major hex ...
... darkness on medium containing glucose is much reduced in the mutant compared to the wild type (92). Another effect of the inactivation of the gene is to eliminate the effect of glucose on the induction of caulonemal filaments. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the product of the Hxk2 gene, the major hex ...
Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Malonylglucosides and ß -l,3
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
Glucocorticoids Regulate Pituitary Growth Hormone
... In addition, patients with Cushings syndrome, which clinically presents as hypercortisolemia, have almost lost the ability to secrete GH (12). Glucocorticoids seem to exert these growth-suppressive effects by acting at multiple levels of the GH pathway (1, 12). Previously, it was demonstrated that G ...
... In addition, patients with Cushings syndrome, which clinically presents as hypercortisolemia, have almost lost the ability to secrete GH (12). Glucocorticoids seem to exert these growth-suppressive effects by acting at multiple levels of the GH pathway (1, 12). Previously, it was demonstrated that G ...
The viability assessment of Microcystis aeruginosa cells after co-culturing
... The Beckman Coulter Epics ALTRA flow cytometer was calibrated with flow check and UV beads to determine the range of particle sizes. The fluorescence intensity of UV beads and flow check beads formed the basis on which particles (>1 lm) were excluded and inclusion of particles (<10 lm) in subsequent flow ...
... The Beckman Coulter Epics ALTRA flow cytometer was calibrated with flow check and UV beads to determine the range of particle sizes. The fluorescence intensity of UV beads and flow check beads formed the basis on which particles (>1 lm) were excluded and inclusion of particles (<10 lm) in subsequent flow ...
Sucrose Cleavage Pathways in Aspen Wood
... showed the localization of SUS in cytosol, mitochondria and nuclei (Subbaiah et al., 2006). In another example, co-immuno-detection of Arabidopsis SUS2 and E37 which is a polypeptide of the inner plastid envelope showed SUS association with plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana embryo, endosperm and seed ...
... showed the localization of SUS in cytosol, mitochondria and nuclei (Subbaiah et al., 2006). In another example, co-immuno-detection of Arabidopsis SUS2 and E37 which is a polypeptide of the inner plastid envelope showed SUS association with plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana embryo, endosperm and seed ...
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of
... NaCl by increasing the volume of the RBCs, reverting the sickling to produce biconcave cells, and thereby, maintaining membrane integrity. The sickling modifies the membrane flexibility, which would make it more fragile and would increase the precocious risk of hemolysis. But it is as possible as th ...
... NaCl by increasing the volume of the RBCs, reverting the sickling to produce biconcave cells, and thereby, maintaining membrane integrity. The sickling modifies the membrane flexibility, which would make it more fragile and would increase the precocious risk of hemolysis. But it is as possible as th ...
Nitric Oxide Acts as an Antioxidant and Delays Programmed Cell
... infected with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, for example, NO increased in parallel with other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted the hypersensitive response and programmed cell death (PCD; Delledonne et al., 1998). In potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves infected by the pathogen P ...
... infected with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, for example, NO increased in parallel with other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted the hypersensitive response and programmed cell death (PCD; Delledonne et al., 1998). In potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves infected by the pathogen P ...
Origin of the zebrafish endocrine and exocrine
... present. By 52 hpf, the two buds have merged (Field et al., 2003; schematized in Fig. 1) to form a single pancreatic islet of endocrine cells, surrounded by exocrine tissue, with the entire structure localized to the right side of the ventral midline. Molecular markers reveal that pancreatic develop ...
... present. By 52 hpf, the two buds have merged (Field et al., 2003; schematized in Fig. 1) to form a single pancreatic islet of endocrine cells, surrounded by exocrine tissue, with the entire structure localized to the right side of the ventral midline. Molecular markers reveal that pancreatic develop ...
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production Is Associated
... RAFT-VERSUS-HOST disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). GVHD is a complex pathophysiologic process that results from the cooperative interaction of multiple effector cell populations resident in the donor graft ...
... RAFT-VERSUS-HOST disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). GVHD is a complex pathophysiologic process that results from the cooperative interaction of multiple effector cell populations resident in the donor graft ...
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... n=137) looping defects (Fig. 1E). Injection of 3-OST-5 MOresistant ‘rescue’ mRNA alone did not alter heart and gut orientation (4% and 5%, respectively, n=171; Fig. 1E). The similar phenotype seen with two distinct morpholinos and the ability to rescue the phenotype indicate that these effects are s ...
... n=137) looping defects (Fig. 1E). Injection of 3-OST-5 MOresistant ‘rescue’ mRNA alone did not alter heart and gut orientation (4% and 5%, respectively, n=171; Fig. 1E). The similar phenotype seen with two distinct morpholinos and the ability to rescue the phenotype indicate that these effects are s ...
Submembraneous microtubule cytoskeleton: biochemical and
... Different post-translationally modified tubulin, like tyrosinated tubulin (a marker for dynamic microtubules), detyrosinated tubulin, acetylated tubulin, polyglutamylated tubulin, phospho (serine) tubulin and neurone-specific b-III tubulin (all markers for stable microtubules) interact with TRPV1-Ct [ ...
... Different post-translationally modified tubulin, like tyrosinated tubulin (a marker for dynamic microtubules), detyrosinated tubulin, acetylated tubulin, polyglutamylated tubulin, phospho (serine) tubulin and neurone-specific b-III tubulin (all markers for stable microtubules) interact with TRPV1-Ct [ ...
Guanine Nucleotides Modulate the Effects of Brefeldin A in
... protein is redistributed from Golgi membrane into a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution. This effect precedes all other morphological changes in the distribution of integral membrane components of the Golgi apparatus during BFA treatment (Donaldson et al., 1990). The ll0-kD protein also redistributed t ...
... protein is redistributed from Golgi membrane into a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution. This effect precedes all other morphological changes in the distribution of integral membrane components of the Golgi apparatus during BFA treatment (Donaldson et al., 1990). The ll0-kD protein also redistributed t ...
POS-1 and germ cell specification
... copies of a CCCH-type ‘finger’ domain originally described in a vertebrate protein of unknown function called TIS11/Nup475/TTP (Varnum et al., 1989; DuBois et al., 1990; Lai et al., 1990). We have taken two complementary approaches to identify additional genes that establish germline/soma difference ...
... copies of a CCCH-type ‘finger’ domain originally described in a vertebrate protein of unknown function called TIS11/Nup475/TTP (Varnum et al., 1989; DuBois et al., 1990; Lai et al., 1990). We have taken two complementary approaches to identify additional genes that establish germline/soma difference ...
Sampathkumar-2011-Live Cell Imaging Re - Max
... coalignment. The far right panel shows a kymograph corresponding to the dashed white line, with time on the vertical axis. (E) AF bending and straightening events facilitate alignment between AFs and MTs. Yellow arrowheads indicate the region of the AF that exhibits bending, and yellow carets enclos ...
... coalignment. The far right panel shows a kymograph corresponding to the dashed white line, with time on the vertical axis. (E) AF bending and straightening events facilitate alignment between AFs and MTs. Yellow arrowheads indicate the region of the AF that exhibits bending, and yellow carets enclos ...
Essential fatty acids and acne
... of the expanding sebaceous cells during their differentiation, and labeling experiments indicate that these lipids, too, are produced within the cell. 6 This is supported by the observation that the phospholipids contain fatty acids that are characteristic of the sebum of the species. 7,8 In the fin ...
... of the expanding sebaceous cells during their differentiation, and labeling experiments indicate that these lipids, too, are produced within the cell. 6 This is supported by the observation that the phospholipids contain fatty acids that are characteristic of the sebum of the species. 7,8 In the fin ...
Analysis of the Juxtamembrane Dileucine Motif in the Insulin Receptor
... phosphotyrosine were then detected by immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation with an a-subunit-specific antibody (B7/B10), followed by immunoblotting as described previously (36, 37). Insulin receptors were also detected by immunoblotting with an a-subunit-specific antibody ...
... phosphotyrosine were then detected by immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation with an a-subunit-specific antibody (B7/B10), followed by immunoblotting as described previously (36, 37). Insulin receptors were also detected by immunoblotting with an a-subunit-specific antibody ...
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... to be mediated by the combined activity of cytoplasmic factors (determinants), which are localized in the egg, and inductive interactions, which occur between different embryonic cells and tissues. Ascidians, animals that exhibit rapid and exceptionally autonomous development (reviewed by Jeffery, 1 ...
... to be mediated by the combined activity of cytoplasmic factors (determinants), which are localized in the egg, and inductive interactions, which occur between different embryonic cells and tissues. Ascidians, animals that exhibit rapid and exceptionally autonomous development (reviewed by Jeffery, 1 ...
Drug resistance patterns and susceptibility to
... of protoplasts in comparison to parent strains (Tiwari et al., 1984) suggested the cell membrane as a possible target-site for the action of aflatoxin B,. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been assoTable 111. Binding of aflatoxin BI to cell suspenciated with decreased permeability (Okamoto and ...
... of protoplasts in comparison to parent strains (Tiwari et al., 1984) suggested the cell membrane as a possible target-site for the action of aflatoxin B,. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been assoTable 111. Binding of aflatoxin BI to cell suspenciated with decreased permeability (Okamoto and ...
AtMYB93 is a novel negative regulator of lateral root
... plant to its substrate, and responding to internal and external signals. As plants are sessile, ...
... plant to its substrate, and responding to internal and external signals. As plants are sessile, ...
Reduce Formation of SLP-76 Linker of Activated T Cells and SLP
... replication particularly during primary infection and is critical for rapid disease progression (18–20). This role of Nef as a pathogenicity factor is also revealed in transgenic mice in which Nef expression induces AIDS-like depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes (21). In the absence of intrinsic enzymati ...
... replication particularly during primary infection and is critical for rapid disease progression (18–20). This role of Nef as a pathogenicity factor is also revealed in transgenic mice in which Nef expression induces AIDS-like depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes (21). In the absence of intrinsic enzymati ...
Cytotoxicity of 1,2-epoxynaphthalene Is Correlated with
... 1,2-Epoxynaphthalene is proposed to bind covalently to nucleophilic amino acid residues of cellular proteins and thus cause cytotoxicity (Zheng et al., 1997). However, the subsequent interactions of the electrophilic metabolites with macromolecules in the cells, and the importance of these interacti ...
... 1,2-Epoxynaphthalene is proposed to bind covalently to nucleophilic amino acid residues of cellular proteins and thus cause cytotoxicity (Zheng et al., 1997). However, the subsequent interactions of the electrophilic metabolites with macromolecules in the cells, and the importance of these interacti ...
Control of pathfinding by the avian trunk neural crest
... into what were presumed to be the sensory and sympathetic ganglia and (iii) dispersed in the somites. Weston also examined some early stages of crest cell migration (20h after grafting), but he made no attempt to trace their precise pathways. The major conclusion from examining these younger embryos ...
... into what were presumed to be the sensory and sympathetic ganglia and (iii) dispersed in the somites. Weston also examined some early stages of crest cell migration (20h after grafting), but he made no attempt to trace their precise pathways. The major conclusion from examining these younger embryos ...
Co-ordination of signalling elements in guard cell ion
... fact it has been suggested that the same channel protein may account for both gating modes (Blatt and Thiel, 1993). Indeed, changes in anion current kinetics are known to occur in response to ATP depletion ( Thomine et al., 1995), ABA stimulation or phosphorylation (Grabov et al., 1997). Schulz-Less ...
... fact it has been suggested that the same channel protein may account for both gating modes (Blatt and Thiel, 1993). Indeed, changes in anion current kinetics are known to occur in response to ATP depletion ( Thomine et al., 1995), ABA stimulation or phosphorylation (Grabov et al., 1997). Schulz-Less ...
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in
... Tumorigenicity Assays and Tumor Processing. All of the animal exper- antibody for 30 min. Tumor slices were next incubated with peroxidase-labeled imentation was performed according to protocols approved by the Institutional streptavidin from PharMingen for 30 min, then briefly rinsed in PBS-T. Anim ...
... Tumorigenicity Assays and Tumor Processing. All of the animal exper- antibody for 30 min. Tumor slices were next incubated with peroxidase-labeled imentation was performed according to protocols approved by the Institutional streptavidin from PharMingen for 30 min, then briefly rinsed in PBS-T. Anim ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.