A Cellular Adventure Reader`s Theater Characters: 1. Teacher 2
... Ryan: My name is Ryan. I just want to get out of here. Nucleus: You don’t leave here until I say so. Come here. Come a bit closer. I want to take a good look at you. Are you a lost lipid? Ryan? I am NOT a lipid! Nucleus: I know who you are. You’re the one who has been wandering around in the cell ge ...
... Ryan: My name is Ryan. I just want to get out of here. Nucleus: You don’t leave here until I say so. Come here. Come a bit closer. I want to take a good look at you. Are you a lost lipid? Ryan? I am NOT a lipid! Nucleus: I know who you are. You’re the one who has been wandering around in the cell ge ...
Role for Rab7 in maturation of late autophagic vacuoles
... lysosomal enzyme inhibitors. The amount of the membraneassociated, 16 kDa LC3II increased at the same rate as the volume fraction of autophagic vacuoles in HeLa cells, while the amount of the soluble, 18 kDa LC3I decreased (Kabeya et al., 2000). It was proposed that during autophagy LC3I was process ...
... lysosomal enzyme inhibitors. The amount of the membraneassociated, 16 kDa LC3II increased at the same rate as the volume fraction of autophagic vacuoles in HeLa cells, while the amount of the soluble, 18 kDa LC3I decreased (Kabeya et al., 2000). It was proposed that during autophagy LC3I was process ...
Oriented cell motility and division underlie early limb bud
... distinct kinetics, we chose to focus our studies on the forelimb. During Theiler stage 14 (~E9.0-9.25, 18-20 somites) the prospective mouse forelimb field appears as a barely perceptible thickening of lateral plate mesoderm between somites 8 and 12. Live imaging at this site revealed tissue movement ...
... distinct kinetics, we chose to focus our studies on the forelimb. During Theiler stage 14 (~E9.0-9.25, 18-20 somites) the prospective mouse forelimb field appears as a barely perceptible thickening of lateral plate mesoderm between somites 8 and 12. Live imaging at this site revealed tissue movement ...
Computational optogenetics: A novel continuum framework for the
... remarkably efficient, durable, and reliable mechanical pump, precisely regulated by spatially and temporally varying electrical and chemical fields. Disturbed conduction and uncoordinated electrical signals can induce abnormal heart rhythms, which may critically reduce mechanical function (Dubin, 2000 ...
... remarkably efficient, durable, and reliable mechanical pump, precisely regulated by spatially and temporally varying electrical and chemical fields. Disturbed conduction and uncoordinated electrical signals can induce abnormal heart rhythms, which may critically reduce mechanical function (Dubin, 2000 ...
The impact of abiotic factors on cellulose synthesis
... and in non-stress physiological roles, such as stomatal regulation and seed dormancy (Finkelstein, 2013). Other signals are likely also to play a role in plant responses to abiotic factors, but these are less well characterized (Yoshida et al., 2014). At the cellular level, ABA signaling perception ...
... and in non-stress physiological roles, such as stomatal regulation and seed dormancy (Finkelstein, 2013). Other signals are likely also to play a role in plant responses to abiotic factors, but these are less well characterized (Yoshida et al., 2014). At the cellular level, ABA signaling perception ...
Involvement of antimicrobial peptides in mussel defence
... Antimicrobial peptides are one of the innate immunity actors which were conserved along evolution. Last decade, they were purified from plants (Broekaert et al., 1995), invertebrates (Iwanaga et al., 1998; Bulet et al., 1999) and vertebrates (Lehrer and Ganz, 1999) and are suspected to be part of im ...
... Antimicrobial peptides are one of the innate immunity actors which were conserved along evolution. Last decade, they were purified from plants (Broekaert et al., 1995), invertebrates (Iwanaga et al., 1998; Bulet et al., 1999) and vertebrates (Lehrer and Ganz, 1999) and are suspected to be part of im ...
Cleavage furrow formation and ingression during animal cytokinesis
... component may vary depending upon the organism and cell type, as previously proposed (Wang, 2001). Drosophila spermatocytes and tissue culture cells may exemplify a general mechanism, in which astral microtubules initiate furrowing and then signals from the central spindle are necessary to stabilize ...
... component may vary depending upon the organism and cell type, as previously proposed (Wang, 2001). Drosophila spermatocytes and tissue culture cells may exemplify a general mechanism, in which astral microtubules initiate furrowing and then signals from the central spindle are necessary to stabilize ...
Co-Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana Phytochelatin Synthase and Treponema denticola
... toxicity of heavy metals by forming insoluble metal precipitates (Barkay and Schaefer, 2001). However, most of the naturally occurring sulfate-reducing bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide only under strictly anaerobic condition (White and Gadd, 1998) and therefore they are not suitable for applications ...
... toxicity of heavy metals by forming insoluble metal precipitates (Barkay and Schaefer, 2001). However, most of the naturally occurring sulfate-reducing bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide only under strictly anaerobic condition (White and Gadd, 1998) and therefore they are not suitable for applications ...
Taxonomic revision and species delimitation of coccoid green algae
... environmental samples. Such a culture-independent approach has frequently revealed new lineages of still unidentified organisms for which no cultures are available and thus also no morphological features known (e.g., Pace 1997, Diez et al. 2001, Lopez-Garcia et al. 2001, Moon-van der Staay et al. 20 ...
... environmental samples. Such a culture-independent approach has frequently revealed new lineages of still unidentified organisms for which no cultures are available and thus also no morphological features known (e.g., Pace 1997, Diez et al. 2001, Lopez-Garcia et al. 2001, Moon-van der Staay et al. 20 ...
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... the lip narrows radially and elongates asymmetrically, and we will refer to this autonomous shape change as radial convergence. In the embryo, a line of DiI label perpendicular to the surface of the lip (Fig. 4C) was rotated by 90° during peak involution (Fig. 4C′) to run through the pointed end of ...
... the lip narrows radially and elongates asymmetrically, and we will refer to this autonomous shape change as radial convergence. In the embryo, a line of DiI label perpendicular to the surface of the lip (Fig. 4C) was rotated by 90° during peak involution (Fig. 4C′) to run through the pointed end of ...
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... 2000). Although convergence is occurring during epiboly, the mechanistic relationships between the two processes are not understood. However, these movements must be somewhat interdependent, as epiboly is slowed in frogs by treatments that block convergence (Hikasa et al., 2002). Here, we document t ...
... 2000). Although convergence is occurring during epiboly, the mechanistic relationships between the two processes are not understood. However, these movements must be somewhat interdependent, as epiboly is slowed in frogs by treatments that block convergence (Hikasa et al., 2002). Here, we document t ...
ACEA Biosciences and Hurel Corporation Announce Joint
... Corporation (“Hurel”), a world-leading provider of in vitro liver models that bring improved translational utility to pre-clinical drug development, today announced that they have consummated a technology and marketing alliance through which they will begin to offer their respective technologies com ...
... Corporation (“Hurel”), a world-leading provider of in vitro liver models that bring improved translational utility to pre-clinical drug development, today announced that they have consummated a technology and marketing alliance through which they will begin to offer their respective technologies com ...
Text - Enlighten: Publications
... Similarly, mAbs have been important in mapping specific polymers in various plants and parts therein using light microscopy (LM)-based immunofluorescnce and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based immunogold labeling [22-24]. For virtually all of these studies, cells and tissues are typically f ...
... Similarly, mAbs have been important in mapping specific polymers in various plants and parts therein using light microscopy (LM)-based immunofluorescnce and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based immunogold labeling [22-24]. For virtually all of these studies, cells and tissues are typically f ...
Bacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton
... the enzymatic components, and is similar to that in other ADP-ribosylating toxins. The active site consists of a NAD-binding cavity, composed of a β-strand and an α-helix flanked by two residues important for catalytic activity (Arg or His, and Glu) [6]. The residues (STS(I/L)) forming the β-strand ...
... the enzymatic components, and is similar to that in other ADP-ribosylating toxins. The active site consists of a NAD-binding cavity, composed of a β-strand and an α-helix flanked by two residues important for catalytic activity (Arg or His, and Glu) [6]. The residues (STS(I/L)) forming the β-strand ...
Dynamics of the Cell Cycle: Checkpoints, Sizers, and Timers
... Eukaryotic cells normally reside in a quiescent state, called G0. To replicate, the cell reenters G1 and begins to synthesize the factors necessary for further progression through the cell cycle, as well as increase its mass in preparation for the subsequent division. In late G1, a restriction point ...
... Eukaryotic cells normally reside in a quiescent state, called G0. To replicate, the cell reenters G1 and begins to synthesize the factors necessary for further progression through the cell cycle, as well as increase its mass in preparation for the subsequent division. In late G1, a restriction point ...
Denitrification of water in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) using seawater
... were also treated using PBS, but with a modified design of the fuel cell. Anion exchange membranes were used to permit the movement of anions from the surrounding groundwater to the buffered anolyte and catholyte solutions, which results in desalination and denitrification (Tong and He, 2013; Zhang ...
... were also treated using PBS, but with a modified design of the fuel cell. Anion exchange membranes were used to permit the movement of anions from the surrounding groundwater to the buffered anolyte and catholyte solutions, which results in desalination and denitrification (Tong and He, 2013; Zhang ...
Maternal Torso-Like Coordinates Tissue Folding During
... reasoned that these cells might be mesodermal tissue remaining at the embryo surface as a consequence of invagination failure. To confirm this, we stained tslΔ embryos with anti-Twist (Twi), a marker of the presumptive mesoderm (Leptin and Grunewald 1990). Twi-positive cells were not detected at the ...
... reasoned that these cells might be mesodermal tissue remaining at the embryo surface as a consequence of invagination failure. To confirm this, we stained tslΔ embryos with anti-Twist (Twi), a marker of the presumptive mesoderm (Leptin and Grunewald 1990). Twi-positive cells were not detected at the ...
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant
... could be identified by examining cellular phenotypes directly in the host. Kumagai et aI. (2002) have created genomic or cDNA libraries in recombinant viral nucleic acid vectors and used high-throughput robotics to facilitate the inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana plants and functional genomic sc ...
... could be identified by examining cellular phenotypes directly in the host. Kumagai et aI. (2002) have created genomic or cDNA libraries in recombinant viral nucleic acid vectors and used high-throughput robotics to facilitate the inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana plants and functional genomic sc ...
Inhibition of Target of Rapamycin Signaling and
... Autophagy is a catabolic membrane-trafficking process whereby cells recycle cytosolic proteins and organelles under stress conditions or during development. This degradative process is mediated by autophagy-related (ATG) proteins that have been described in yeast, animals, and more recently in plant ...
... Autophagy is a catabolic membrane-trafficking process whereby cells recycle cytosolic proteins and organelles under stress conditions or during development. This degradative process is mediated by autophagy-related (ATG) proteins that have been described in yeast, animals, and more recently in plant ...
Progress in understanding the role of microtubules in plant cells
... conflicting results provide important clues as to what microtubules do at the interface between the cell and its wall. I hypothesize that cellulose microfibril length is an important parameter of wall mechanics and suggest ways in which microtubule organization may influence microfibril length. This ...
... conflicting results provide important clues as to what microtubules do at the interface between the cell and its wall. I hypothesize that cellulose microfibril length is an important parameter of wall mechanics and suggest ways in which microtubule organization may influence microfibril length. This ...
Actin Dynamics in Papilla Cells of Brassica rapa
... however, actin bundles were only rarely seen at the apical region with mTalin-GFP (Fig. 2, A and E). Thirty minutes after cross-pollination, the time at which pollen hydration begins, actin bundles, focused at the pollen grain, appeared in the apical region of the papilla cell (Fig. 2, B and F) and ...
... however, actin bundles were only rarely seen at the apical region with mTalin-GFP (Fig. 2, A and E). Thirty minutes after cross-pollination, the time at which pollen hydration begins, actin bundles, focused at the pollen grain, appeared in the apical region of the papilla cell (Fig. 2, B and F) and ...
Precipitation of calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium in tissues
... grown in substrates with elevated metal levels, and studying biomineralisation may provide valuable information to select suitable plant species for growth on disturbed land, for example, mined soil that is calcium-rich. In our previous study, an abundance of crystals containing calcium was observed ...
... grown in substrates with elevated metal levels, and studying biomineralisation may provide valuable information to select suitable plant species for growth on disturbed land, for example, mined soil that is calcium-rich. In our previous study, an abundance of crystals containing calcium was observed ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends through minimal
... knockdown testes were vestigial as shown in B (97.6%, n=84). We observed a few testes with a normal shape but with a reduced size (2.4%, n=84). (C–E) Confocal sections of whole-mount testes stained for the hub [Fas III (green)], stem cells [Vasa (blue)] and DNA (red). Asterisks indicate the apical t ...
... knockdown testes were vestigial as shown in B (97.6%, n=84). We observed a few testes with a normal shape but with a reduced size (2.4%, n=84). (C–E) Confocal sections of whole-mount testes stained for the hub [Fas III (green)], stem cells [Vasa (blue)] and DNA (red). Asterisks indicate the apical t ...
The hypoblast (visceral endoderm): an evo
... (S) phases, and they rely upon maternal mRNAs and proteins until zygotic gene expression is activated, usually at around the 11th cell division (2024 cells). Rapid development and absence of growth imply that the embryonic axes or body plan must be set up quite quickly, within about 24 hours of fert ...
... (S) phases, and they rely upon maternal mRNAs and proteins until zygotic gene expression is activated, usually at around the 11th cell division (2024 cells). Rapid development and absence of growth imply that the embryonic axes or body plan must be set up quite quickly, within about 24 hours of fert ...
Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing Please share
... was utilized to create a structurally diverse library of amino-alkylacrylate and -acrylamide materials termed ‘lipidoids’, which were then analyzed for their ability to transfect cells both in vitro and in vivo. The lead candidate from the initial study was demonstrated to facilitate sequence-specif ...
... was utilized to create a structurally diverse library of amino-alkylacrylate and -acrylamide materials termed ‘lipidoids’, which were then analyzed for their ability to transfect cells both in vitro and in vivo. The lead candidate from the initial study was demonstrated to facilitate sequence-specif ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.