Diarch Symmetry of the Vascular Bundle in
... cells displayed meristematic features with frequently three or more vacuoles and a dense cytoplasm containing numerous electron-dense ribosomes (Fig. 1A). At the phloem pole, all pericycle cells presented a single and large central vacuole and a parietal cytoplasm with less ribosomes, characteristic ...
... cells displayed meristematic features with frequently three or more vacuoles and a dense cytoplasm containing numerous electron-dense ribosomes (Fig. 1A). At the phloem pole, all pericycle cells presented a single and large central vacuole and a parietal cytoplasm with less ribosomes, characteristic ...
as a PDF
... similar approach to defining functional modules in cell biology.) Such local definitions of modularity are restricted to a single context, or at most a single level of the biological hierarchy, precisely because they are based on particular functions or mechanisms within that context. They have grea ...
... similar approach to defining functional modules in cell biology.) Such local definitions of modularity are restricted to a single context, or at most a single level of the biological hierarchy, precisely because they are based on particular functions or mechanisms within that context. They have grea ...
Unit 1 Exam
... 35. The movement of ink within a glass of water when the water has been left undisturbed (not shaken or stirred) could be the result ____________________. 36. Because the cell membrane allows some materials to pass through it but keeps others out, it is a ____________________. 37. For 37 to 41 choos ...
... 35. The movement of ink within a glass of water when the water has been left undisturbed (not shaken or stirred) could be the result ____________________. 36. Because the cell membrane allows some materials to pass through it but keeps others out, it is a ____________________. 37. For 37 to 41 choos ...
the pregnane x receptor binds to response elements in a genomic
... transfected for 4 h, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium. After 24 h, media were changed again with the same media containing rifampicin or solvent DMSO. The transfected cells were incubated for an additional 24 h and washed once with PBS and collected by scraping. The collected cells were ...
... transfected for 4 h, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium. After 24 h, media were changed again with the same media containing rifampicin or solvent DMSO. The transfected cells were incubated for an additional 24 h and washed once with PBS and collected by scraping. The collected cells were ...
Alveolar macrophages are the main source for tumour necrosis H. Fehrenbach
... Sarcoidosisis, a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, is characterised by its pathological hallmark, the noncaseating granuloma [1–5]. Because the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes are almost always involved, most patients report acute or insidious respiratory problems. Granuloma format ...
... Sarcoidosisis, a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, is characterised by its pathological hallmark, the noncaseating granuloma [1–5]. Because the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes are almost always involved, most patients report acute or insidious respiratory problems. Granuloma format ...
Active Uptake and Extravesicular Storage of m
... chromogranin A is mostly weak and focal, associated with few secretory granules (24, 27). Yet, these tumors are successfully portrayed by [13II]MIBG scintigraphy in the majority of pa tients. Apparently, the abundant presence of storage granules is not a necessary prerequisite for long term retentio ...
... chromogranin A is mostly weak and focal, associated with few secretory granules (24, 27). Yet, these tumors are successfully portrayed by [13II]MIBG scintigraphy in the majority of pa tients. Apparently, the abundant presence of storage granules is not a necessary prerequisite for long term retentio ...
Lesson Overview - Diman Regional
... cannot pass through the cell membrane of their target cells. Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors in a target cell and cause the release of secondary messengers that affect cell activities. ...
... cannot pass through the cell membrane of their target cells. Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors in a target cell and cause the release of secondary messengers that affect cell activities. ...
1 The LF1 Gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Encodes
... is further demonstrated in the null mutants of LF3 that have an unequal-length-flagella (Ulf) phenotype; these mutants are mostly flagella-less, but under certain growth conditions, two flagella of unequal length are produced (TAM and LEFEBVRE 1993; TAM et al. 2003). The null lf3 mutants have lost t ...
... is further demonstrated in the null mutants of LF3 that have an unequal-length-flagella (Ulf) phenotype; these mutants are mostly flagella-less, but under certain growth conditions, two flagella of unequal length are produced (TAM and LEFEBVRE 1993; TAM et al. 2003). The null lf3 mutants have lost t ...
Serial killers: ordering caspase activation events in apoptosis
... the mitochondrion in transducing pro-apoptotic stimuli.40 ± 44 A discussion of all of the evidence that has implicated the mitochondrion as an important sensor of cellular damage is outside of the scope of the present review. However, to summarize, it appears that numerous pro-apoptotic stimuli prov ...
... the mitochondrion in transducing pro-apoptotic stimuli.40 ± 44 A discussion of all of the evidence that has implicated the mitochondrion as an important sensor of cellular damage is outside of the scope of the present review. However, to summarize, it appears that numerous pro-apoptotic stimuli prov ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... 2008), and cell wall pH has been measured by use of pHluorins (Gao et al., 2004) or apo-pHusion (Gjetting et al., 2012) secreted to the apoplast. Looking closer at these experiments, some obvious similarities are seen. It can be argued that successful experiments are often carried out in single cell ...
... 2008), and cell wall pH has been measured by use of pHluorins (Gao et al., 2004) or apo-pHusion (Gjetting et al., 2012) secreted to the apoplast. Looking closer at these experiments, some obvious similarities are seen. It can be argued that successful experiments are often carried out in single cell ...
Tansley review - Professor Gero Steinberg
... Plamann, 2003; Gross, 2004; Hirokawa & Takemura, 2005; Soldati & Schliwa, 2006). Thus, in fungal hyphae the orientation of the MTs determines whether kinesins or dyneins are used for delivery of membranes and growth supplies to the expanding apex. ...
... Plamann, 2003; Gross, 2004; Hirokawa & Takemura, 2005; Soldati & Schliwa, 2006). Thus, in fungal hyphae the orientation of the MTs determines whether kinesins or dyneins are used for delivery of membranes and growth supplies to the expanding apex. ...
Midgut and muscle development in Drosophila melanogaster
... thousands of researchers around the world used this model organism to study rules of development from a simple fertilized egg into an adult. This process of development, which is similar to the one taking place in us, has made the fruitfly a popular model to study complex biological processes and an ...
... thousands of researchers around the world used this model organism to study rules of development from a simple fertilized egg into an adult. This process of development, which is similar to the one taking place in us, has made the fruitfly a popular model to study complex biological processes and an ...
Amphibian gastrulation: history and evolution of a 125 year
... Darwin’s evolutionist theory. In the late 1860s, he was trying to draw a phyletic tree of the animal and vegetal kingdoms and was especially interested in embryological comparisons between different phyla, inasmuch as they shared similar embryonic stages. This was considered to be evidence for phylo ...
... Darwin’s evolutionist theory. In the late 1860s, he was trying to draw a phyletic tree of the animal and vegetal kingdoms and was especially interested in embryological comparisons between different phyla, inasmuch as they shared similar embryonic stages. This was considered to be evidence for phylo ...
Using monoclonal antibodies to label living root hairs: a novel tool
... Similarly, mAbs have been important in mapping specific polymers in various plants and parts therein using light microscopy (LM)-based immunofluorescnce and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based immunogold labeling [22-24]. For virtually all of these studies, cells and tissues are typically f ...
... Similarly, mAbs have been important in mapping specific polymers in various plants and parts therein using light microscopy (LM)-based immunofluorescnce and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based immunogold labeling [22-24]. For virtually all of these studies, cells and tissues are typically f ...
Budding Yeast for Budding Geneticists: A Primer on the
... by their owners. In the late 1800s, the Carlsberg Laboratory introduced the brewing industry to the process of science, and Emil Christian Hansen discovered how to purify yeast from mixed starter cultures (Greig and Leu 2009). In the past 60 years, a rather short time evolutionarily speaking, the st ...
... by their owners. In the late 1800s, the Carlsberg Laboratory introduced the brewing industry to the process of science, and Emil Christian Hansen discovered how to purify yeast from mixed starter cultures (Greig and Leu 2009). In the past 60 years, a rather short time evolutionarily speaking, the st ...
Embryonic activation of the myoD gene is regulated
... Gene-targeting experiments in mice showed that the elaboration of the myogenic phenotype is dependent on myogenic regulatory gene function. Mice homozygous null for both myoD and myf5 completely lack differentiated skeletal muscle by both histological and biochemical criteria (Rudnicki et al., 1993) ...
... Gene-targeting experiments in mice showed that the elaboration of the myogenic phenotype is dependent on myogenic regulatory gene function. Mice homozygous null for both myoD and myf5 completely lack differentiated skeletal muscle by both histological and biochemical criteria (Rudnicki et al., 1993) ...
TEAD4 establishes the energy homeostasis essential for blastocoel
... production (termed ‘energy homeostasis’), because failure to do so results in increased oxidative stress, changes in the intracellular redox potential and impaired biosynthetic potential, all of which are detrimental to development (Harvey et al., 2002; Burton et al., 2003; Dumollard et al., 2007; V ...
... production (termed ‘energy homeostasis’), because failure to do so results in increased oxidative stress, changes in the intracellular redox potential and impaired biosynthetic potential, all of which are detrimental to development (Harvey et al., 2002; Burton et al., 2003; Dumollard et al., 2007; V ...
Lysosomes and Fas-mediated liver cell death
... The involvement of lysosomes in apoptosis as suggested by several studies is still highly debatable (for a review, see [1]). Lysosome-mediated apoptosis would result from a destabilization of the lysosomal membrane causing a release of cathepsins into the cytosol. These proteases would stimulate the ...
... The involvement of lysosomes in apoptosis as suggested by several studies is still highly debatable (for a review, see [1]). Lysosome-mediated apoptosis would result from a destabilization of the lysosomal membrane causing a release of cathepsins into the cytosol. These proteases would stimulate the ...
Caspary T, Garc a-Garc a MJ, Eggenschwiler JR, Wyler MR, Huangfu D, Rakeman AS, Lee JD, Alcorn HL, Anderson KV. Curr Biol. 2002 Sep 17;12(18):1628-32. Mouse Dispatched homologue1 is required for long-range, but not juxtacrine, Hh signaling.
... (A–C) Immunohistochemical staining for Shh (red) counterstained with DAPI (blue) in sections of the notochord and ventral spinal cord of e9.5 embryos, which are visualized by confocal microscopy at 63$ magnification. The three photos are taken at identical exposure settings. (A) Wild-type, (B) Smobn ...
... (A–C) Immunohistochemical staining for Shh (red) counterstained with DAPI (blue) in sections of the notochord and ventral spinal cord of e9.5 embryos, which are visualized by confocal microscopy at 63$ magnification. The three photos are taken at identical exposure settings. (A) Wild-type, (B) Smobn ...
Amassin, an olfactomedin protein, mediates the massive
... the calculated molecular weight of 56.5 kD. The remaining molecular weight discrepancy could be due to other posttranslational modifications such as O-linked glycosylation. Structural analysis The amassin sequence is similar in the COOH-terminal half (residues 230–477) to a family of proteins that c ...
... the calculated molecular weight of 56.5 kD. The remaining molecular weight discrepancy could be due to other posttranslational modifications such as O-linked glycosylation. Structural analysis The amassin sequence is similar in the COOH-terminal half (residues 230–477) to a family of proteins that c ...
FABRICATING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Cu2O/TiO2
... alternatives to silicon for solar cells attract much attention among the researchers. Cu2O is a p-type semiconductor with a direct band gap of 2.1 eV and is regarded as a suitable material for high-efficiency solar cells [1-4]. TiO2 is an n-type semiconductor with a wide band gap energy of 3.2 eV an ...
... alternatives to silicon for solar cells attract much attention among the researchers. Cu2O is a p-type semiconductor with a direct band gap of 2.1 eV and is regarded as a suitable material for high-efficiency solar cells [1-4]. TiO2 is an n-type semiconductor with a wide band gap energy of 3.2 eV an ...
The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the
... First, to comprehensively list the established and new tumor entities and variants that are described in the new WHO Classification of thymic epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, lymphomas, dendritic cell and myeloid neoplasms, and soft-tissue tumors of the thymus and mediastinum; second, to highlig ...
... First, to comprehensively list the established and new tumor entities and variants that are described in the new WHO Classification of thymic epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, lymphomas, dendritic cell and myeloid neoplasms, and soft-tissue tumors of the thymus and mediastinum; second, to highlig ...
Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh
... lipid alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals involved in membrane deterioration (Espı́n et al., 2000b). It is difficult to ascribe a role to calcium in modulating PPO activity; however, a role in maintaining cell and membrane integrity has been well established (Poovaiah, 1986). It is likely that a formulatio ...
... lipid alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals involved in membrane deterioration (Espı́n et al., 2000b). It is difficult to ascribe a role to calcium in modulating PPO activity; however, a role in maintaining cell and membrane integrity has been well established (Poovaiah, 1986). It is likely that a formulatio ...
Cardiac development in zebrafish: coordination of form and function
... mutated genes have provided a number of insights regarding the molecular mechanisms that govern heart formation. Current models for the initial steps of cardiac patterning have been reviewed recently1, 2 ; therefore, this review will focus on the assembly of cardiac precursors into a functionally in ...
... mutated genes have provided a number of insights regarding the molecular mechanisms that govern heart formation. Current models for the initial steps of cardiac patterning have been reviewed recently1, 2 ; therefore, this review will focus on the assembly of cardiac precursors into a functionally in ...
The viability assessment of Microcystis aeruginosa cells after co-culturing
... The Beckman Coulter Epics ALTRA flow cytometer was calibrated with flow check and UV beads to determine the range of particle sizes. The fluorescence intensity of UV beads and flow check beads formed the basis on which particles (>1 lm) were excluded and inclusion of particles (<10 lm) in subsequent flow ...
... The Beckman Coulter Epics ALTRA flow cytometer was calibrated with flow check and UV beads to determine the range of particle sizes. The fluorescence intensity of UV beads and flow check beads formed the basis on which particles (>1 lm) were excluded and inclusion of particles (<10 lm) in subsequent flow ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.