Developmental regulation of the Hox genes during axial
... The regulation of the patterning of the trunk and tail as they develop is a function of the homeobox-containing Hox gene family, which has been evolutionarily conserved among the metazoans. The conservation of the structure and function of these genes may lie in their ability to adequately provide a ...
... The regulation of the patterning of the trunk and tail as they develop is a function of the homeobox-containing Hox gene family, which has been evolutionarily conserved among the metazoans. The conservation of the structure and function of these genes may lie in their ability to adequately provide a ...
The Rhopalosiphum padi virus 59 internal ribosome entry site is
... These results show that the RhPV 59 IRES functions efficiently in Sf 21 cells and in Sf 21 lysates; the RhPV 59 IRES also functions well in a Drosophila lysate (Woolaway et al., 2001). In contrast, the EMCV IRES is inactive in each of these systems (Finkelstein et al., 1999; Woolaway et al., 2001). ...
... These results show that the RhPV 59 IRES functions efficiently in Sf 21 cells and in Sf 21 lysates; the RhPV 59 IRES also functions well in a Drosophila lysate (Woolaway et al., 2001). In contrast, the EMCV IRES is inactive in each of these systems (Finkelstein et al., 1999; Woolaway et al., 2001). ...
Micronuclei and the Cytoplasm of Growing Tetrahymena Contain a
... Acetylates 1-14as a Free Histone, but Fails to Acetylate Any Histone in a Chromatin Form Having established that micronuclear histones can be acetylated with a macronuclear acetylase (Fig. 1), we were interested to see whether purified micronuclei contain any extractable activity that could acetylat ...
... Acetylates 1-14as a Free Histone, but Fails to Acetylate Any Histone in a Chromatin Form Having established that micronuclear histones can be acetylated with a macronuclear acetylase (Fig. 1), we were interested to see whether purified micronuclei contain any extractable activity that could acetylat ...
Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation
... the X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally active. One study (Wang et al., 2001) has revealed that a disproportionately large number of spermatogonial-specific transcripts originate from the X and Y chromosomes. This is in agreement with the predictions of Fisher (Fisher, 1931) and Rice (Rice, 19 ...
... the X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally active. One study (Wang et al., 2001) has revealed that a disproportionately large number of spermatogonial-specific transcripts originate from the X and Y chromosomes. This is in agreement with the predictions of Fisher (Fisher, 1931) and Rice (Rice, 19 ...
The 14-3-3 gene par-5 is required for germline development and
... Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of 14-3-3 family proteins and the DNA damage response in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. (A) 14-3-3 ortholog sequences were aligned using ClustalW, and CLC Sequence Viewer was used to generate the tree using the Neighbor Joining algorithm. Names in red correspond to 14 ...
... Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of 14-3-3 family proteins and the DNA damage response in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. (A) 14-3-3 ortholog sequences were aligned using ClustalW, and CLC Sequence Viewer was used to generate the tree using the Neighbor Joining algorithm. Names in red correspond to 14 ...
Whole mantle convective model interpretation of oceanic
... sources indicated by the basalts compositions could be significantly old reaching possibly several billion years for differentiated sources which realized several convective turns without being involved in new differentiation processes. The geochemical approach, however, presents difficulties. Inter ...
... sources indicated by the basalts compositions could be significantly old reaching possibly several billion years for differentiated sources which realized several convective turns without being involved in new differentiation processes. The geochemical approach, however, presents difficulties. Inter ...
Full-Text PDF
... Figure 1. Rab GTPases and vesicular trafficking modulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Figure 1. Rab GTPases and vesicular trafficking modulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. (A) M. tuberculosis initially resides in a phagosome characterized by the presence Staphylo ...
... Figure 1. Rab GTPases and vesicular trafficking modulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Figure 1. Rab GTPases and vesicular trafficking modulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. (A) M. tuberculosis initially resides in a phagosome characterized by the presence Staphylo ...
Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi
... Red algae - able to live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting light energy Red algae contain chlorophyll a & reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins ...
... Red algae - able to live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting light energy Red algae contain chlorophyll a & reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins ...
Full-Text PDF
... Abstract: The present study attempts to elucidate the anti-osteoporotic activity of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. in the form of anti-osteoclastic effect and responsible bioactive compounds. The contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid A, and scoparone ...
... Abstract: The present study attempts to elucidate the anti-osteoporotic activity of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. in the form of anti-osteoclastic effect and responsible bioactive compounds. The contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid A, and scoparone ...
The role of lymphatics in renal inflammation
... VEGF-C and VEGF-D, and the prospero-related homeobox transcription factor 1 (Prox1, [16]). LECs do not only differ from BECs in their gene expression pattern but are also heterogeneous among themselves depending on the segment of the lymphatic tree and the tissues they reside in [11, 17]. In human s ...
... VEGF-C and VEGF-D, and the prospero-related homeobox transcription factor 1 (Prox1, [16]). LECs do not only differ from BECs in their gene expression pattern but are also heterogeneous among themselves depending on the segment of the lymphatic tree and the tissues they reside in [11, 17]. In human s ...
Maintenance of ZPA signaling in cultured mouse limb bud cells
... through grafting. In the chick limb bud, posterior (ZPA) limb bud cells grafted into the anterior margin stimulates the formation of supernumerary digits, which are composed primarily of anterior cells (Honig, 1983a; Javois and Iten, 1986; Wanek et al., 1991). Thus, patterning of the developing chic ...
... through grafting. In the chick limb bud, posterior (ZPA) limb bud cells grafted into the anterior margin stimulates the formation of supernumerary digits, which are composed primarily of anterior cells (Honig, 1983a; Javois and Iten, 1986; Wanek et al., 1991). Thus, patterning of the developing chic ...
Glucose-Regulated Anaplerosis and Cataplerosis in
... second and third pathways. However, the hypothesis has been proposed that anaplerosis, the refilling of Krebs cycle intermediates, is implicated in the KATP-independent pathway(s) (1,6,7), perhaps via malonyl-CoA formation and lipid esterification processes (8) or through a pyruvate/malate shuttle ( ...
... second and third pathways. However, the hypothesis has been proposed that anaplerosis, the refilling of Krebs cycle intermediates, is implicated in the KATP-independent pathway(s) (1,6,7), perhaps via malonyl-CoA formation and lipid esterification processes (8) or through a pyruvate/malate shuttle ( ...
structural responses of amoebae
... of structurally abnormal organelles within membrane-bounded spaces in the cytoplasm (Figs. 2-4). Organelles segregated thus from the remainder of the cytoplasm included mitochondria, pieces of endoplasmic reticulum and fringed vacuoles. The enclosed organelles had disrupted membranes, their normal c ...
... of structurally abnormal organelles within membrane-bounded spaces in the cytoplasm (Figs. 2-4). Organelles segregated thus from the remainder of the cytoplasm included mitochondria, pieces of endoplasmic reticulum and fringed vacuoles. The enclosed organelles had disrupted membranes, their normal c ...
Enzymes for Cell Dissociation and Lysis - Sigma
... histolyticum, or are recombinant versions where E. coli expresses a gene cloned from C. histolyticum. We provide a lot reservation service. You may purchase small quantities from one or more lots and reserve larger quantities until your evaluation is complete. The different collagenase products in t ...
... histolyticum, or are recombinant versions where E. coli expresses a gene cloned from C. histolyticum. We provide a lot reservation service. You may purchase small quantities from one or more lots and reserve larger quantities until your evaluation is complete. The different collagenase products in t ...
Genetic and molecular analysis of Sanfilippo C
... signal transduction, apoptosis, receptor recycling, neurotransmission regulation, skin pigmentation, bone biology and play an important role in cellular homeostasis and the endolysosomal system (Boustany, 2013; Saftig and Klumperman, 2009). Molecules degraded into lysos ...
... signal transduction, apoptosis, receptor recycling, neurotransmission regulation, skin pigmentation, bone biology and play an important role in cellular homeostasis and the endolysosomal system (Boustany, 2013; Saftig and Klumperman, 2009). Molecules degraded into lysos ...
Axonal Regeneration in the Peripheral and Central Nervous
... macrophages seen in the distal nerve stump in TNF-α knockout mice.34 Macrophages permeate the entire distal nerve stump where they remain over at least a one month period and are ...
... macrophages seen in the distal nerve stump in TNF-α knockout mice.34 Macrophages permeate the entire distal nerve stump where they remain over at least a one month period and are ...
Additional file 1
... inarguably simpler and less subjective than the aforementioned alternative strategy; however, it can still suffer from the same problems. Some ontologies have ill-defined domains, and though orthogonality is emphasized among the Open Biomedical Ontologies, it is not enforced. If an annotation proje ...
... inarguably simpler and less subjective than the aforementioned alternative strategy; however, it can still suffer from the same problems. Some ontologies have ill-defined domains, and though orthogonality is emphasized among the Open Biomedical Ontologies, it is not enforced. If an annotation proje ...
CLC Chloride Channels in Caenorhabditis elegans*
... studied in transgenic C. elegans. CeCLC-4 was specifically expressed in the large H-shaped excretory cell, where it was co-expressed with CeCLC-3, which is also expressed in other cells, including neurons, muscles, and epithelial cells. Also, CeCLC-2 was expressed in several cells of the nervous sys ...
... studied in transgenic C. elegans. CeCLC-4 was specifically expressed in the large H-shaped excretory cell, where it was co-expressed with CeCLC-3, which is also expressed in other cells, including neurons, muscles, and epithelial cells. Also, CeCLC-2 was expressed in several cells of the nervous sys ...
Control of convergent yolk syncytial layer nuclear movement in
... study the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish gastrula. The YSL and its nuclei play crucial roles in embryo patterning and morphogenesis. Nodal/TGFβ signals emanating from the YSL are thought to be involved in specifying mesoderm and endoderm cell fates in marginal blastomeres along the circ ...
... study the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish gastrula. The YSL and its nuclei play crucial roles in embryo patterning and morphogenesis. Nodal/TGFβ signals emanating from the YSL are thought to be involved in specifying mesoderm and endoderm cell fates in marginal blastomeres along the circ ...
Control of convergent yolk syncytial layer nuclear movement in
... study the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish gastrula. The YSL and its nuclei play crucial roles in embryo patterning and morphogenesis. Nodal/TGFβ signals emanating from the YSL are thought to be involved in specifying mesoderm and endoderm cell fates in marginal blastomeres along the circ ...
... study the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish gastrula. The YSL and its nuclei play crucial roles in embryo patterning and morphogenesis. Nodal/TGFβ signals emanating from the YSL are thought to be involved in specifying mesoderm and endoderm cell fates in marginal blastomeres along the circ ...
Microtubule associated protein END BINDING 1b: functional domain
... navigational feats are important steps in addressing the immediate issues facing our growing population, from food security to human nutrition. The ability to design plants with improved root systems will achieve potentially both greater overall productivity and growth, even in some regions of the w ...
... navigational feats are important steps in addressing the immediate issues facing our growing population, from food security to human nutrition. The ability to design plants with improved root systems will achieve potentially both greater overall productivity and growth, even in some regions of the w ...
File
... – Each kinesin includes a pair of globular heads (motor domain), connected to a rod-like stalk. – Kinesin is a plus end-directed microtubular ...
... – Each kinesin includes a pair of globular heads (motor domain), connected to a rod-like stalk. – Kinesin is a plus end-directed microtubular ...
identification of a macrophage antigen
... (New England Nuclear, Boston, MA) and 50 pg of chloramine-T (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY) were incubated for 1 0 min at 4°C. Sodium metabiMacrophages are intimately involved in the antigen-specific sulfite (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO) (20 pI of a 5 mg/ml activation of L y l +2-3- T lymph ...
... (New England Nuclear, Boston, MA) and 50 pg of chloramine-T (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY) were incubated for 1 0 min at 4°C. Sodium metabiMacrophages are intimately involved in the antigen-specific sulfite (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO) (20 pI of a 5 mg/ml activation of L y l +2-3- T lymph ...
as a PDF
... accompanied by a wave of contraction within the tissue (Fig. 4-4, A; MOVIE 5). The DMZ explant contains both dorsal mesoderm and posterior neural ectoderm, and both tissues undergo convergent extension [8, 10]. Most of the observed waves clearly arose in the mesoderm, near the dorsal lip of the blas ...
... accompanied by a wave of contraction within the tissue (Fig. 4-4, A; MOVIE 5). The DMZ explant contains both dorsal mesoderm and posterior neural ectoderm, and both tissues undergo convergent extension [8, 10]. Most of the observed waves clearly arose in the mesoderm, near the dorsal lip of the blas ...
spp. Listeria Freeze-Thaw Tolerance of Role of Growth
... and two each of serotype 1/2a and serotype 1/2b) and two strains each of L. welshimeri and L. innocua (Table 1). Six of the serotype 4b strains were confirmed to be ECI, including five (F2365, F2381, G3982, G4011, and G4030) implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis (37) and one isolated from a turkey ...
... and two each of serotype 1/2a and serotype 1/2b) and two strains each of L. welshimeri and L. innocua (Table 1). Six of the serotype 4b strains were confirmed to be ECI, including five (F2365, F2381, G3982, G4011, and G4030) implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis (37) and one isolated from a turkey ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.