Role of Phospholipase D in the cAMP Signal Transduction Pathway
... chain gene and downregulate the endothelin 1 gene (Resnick et al., 1993; Malek et al., 1993). On the other hand, induction of c-los by cardiac myocytes subjected to mechanical stretch was reported to occur primarily through the serum response element (Sadoshima and Izumo, 1993). Most experiments on ...
... chain gene and downregulate the endothelin 1 gene (Resnick et al., 1993; Malek et al., 1993). On the other hand, induction of c-los by cardiac myocytes subjected to mechanical stretch was reported to occur primarily through the serum response element (Sadoshima and Izumo, 1993). Most experiments on ...
Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different
... Pep-1 has been used to introduce large proteins inside cell lines [57–59]. An endosomal pathway was rejected because (1) there was no difference in translocation efficiency at 37 ◦C and 4 ◦C [57] and (2) no co-localization of a delivered protein (β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli) with different ...
... Pep-1 has been used to introduce large proteins inside cell lines [57–59]. An endosomal pathway was rejected because (1) there was no difference in translocation efficiency at 37 ◦C and 4 ◦C [57] and (2) no co-localization of a delivered protein (β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli) with different ...
Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagella and ependymal cell motile
... and propel cells, such as sperm, and unicellular organisms, such as the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Vincensini et al., 2011). Flagella dysfunction leads to reduced or absent motility, whereas aberrant motile cilia lead to ependymal cell malfunction and hydrocephalus (Young et al., 2013). ...
... and propel cells, such as sperm, and unicellular organisms, such as the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Vincensini et al., 2011). Flagella dysfunction leads to reduced or absent motility, whereas aberrant motile cilia lead to ependymal cell malfunction and hydrocephalus (Young et al., 2013). ...
plantcell.org - Photon Systems Instruments
... A first line of defense in photoprotection is the thermal dissipation of excess excitation energy in LHCII. This process decreases energy transfer to photosystem II (PSII) and reduces the formation of triplet chlorophyll in LHCII, diminishing the production of reactive oxygen species. Energy dissipa ...
... A first line of defense in photoprotection is the thermal dissipation of excess excitation energy in LHCII. This process decreases energy transfer to photosystem II (PSII) and reduces the formation of triplet chlorophyll in LHCII, diminishing the production of reactive oxygen species. Energy dissipa ...
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF NFκB
... There is ample evidence tying NFκB and associated pathways to the process of programmed cell death via apoptosis. However, little research has been conducted into the possible involvement of NFκB in an alternative form of cell death, specifically death via autophagy. The experiments described in thi ...
... There is ample evidence tying NFκB and associated pathways to the process of programmed cell death via apoptosis. However, little research has been conducted into the possible involvement of NFκB in an alternative form of cell death, specifically death via autophagy. The experiments described in thi ...
Study of moss vacuoles and functional
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
Immunohistochemical sweat gland profiles
... binds to a-fucose moiety with a high specificity through complementary sugar-binding sites. Lectins were used to demonstrate the presence of complex carbohydrate moieties at the cell surface or in cytoplasmic organelles in skin appendages. However, little is known about the precise composition and d ...
... binds to a-fucose moiety with a high specificity through complementary sugar-binding sites. Lectins were used to demonstrate the presence of complex carbohydrate moieties at the cell surface or in cytoplasmic organelles in skin appendages. However, little is known about the precise composition and d ...
PDF
... subtypes are initially labile and responsive to environmental signals, but become committed shortly before axogenesis (Eisen, 1991), around the time that the alternating pattern of islet2 and islet1 expression is established (Appel et al., 1995). Thus, it was surprising to learn that either Islet1 o ...
... subtypes are initially labile and responsive to environmental signals, but become committed shortly before axogenesis (Eisen, 1991), around the time that the alternating pattern of islet2 and islet1 expression is established (Appel et al., 1995). Thus, it was surprising to learn that either Islet1 o ...
Animal Biology 56(4)
... the most ancient cranial part that, in the traditional view, evolved from pharyngeal arch elements supporting gill slits in a cephalochordate-like animal. Viscerocranial components support the gills and/or contribute to the jaw and hyoid apparatus in gnathostomes, but they probably form parts of the ...
... the most ancient cranial part that, in the traditional view, evolved from pharyngeal arch elements supporting gill slits in a cephalochordate-like animal. Viscerocranial components support the gills and/or contribute to the jaw and hyoid apparatus in gnathostomes, but they probably form parts of the ...
Analysis of actin function and organization by a series of mutant
... actin mutants revealed multiple genetic interactions with mutants previously known to affect the actomyosin ring assembly. We also characterize a mutant allele of actin that is suppressed upon overexpression of Cdc8p-tropomyosin, underscoring the utility of this mutant bank. Another 22 mutant allele ...
... actin mutants revealed multiple genetic interactions with mutants previously known to affect the actomyosin ring assembly. We also characterize a mutant allele of actin that is suppressed upon overexpression of Cdc8p-tropomyosin, underscoring the utility of this mutant bank. Another 22 mutant allele ...
articles
... Basement membrane (BM) breakdown is the first recognizable step and is controlled by loss of basally localized RhoA activity and its activator neuroepithelial-transforming-protein-1 (Net1). Failure of RhoA downregulation during EMT leads to BM retention and reduction of its activity in normal epithe ...
... Basement membrane (BM) breakdown is the first recognizable step and is controlled by loss of basally localized RhoA activity and its activator neuroepithelial-transforming-protein-1 (Net1). Failure of RhoA downregulation during EMT leads to BM retention and reduction of its activity in normal epithe ...
- Wiley Online Library
... We briefly examined whether the distance from the cell body mattered for this effect (i.e. whether the effect was the same for motion in a portion of the process close to the cell body versus motion far away from the cell body), and found that the effect was approximately the same, regardless of the ...
... We briefly examined whether the distance from the cell body mattered for this effect (i.e. whether the effect was the same for motion in a portion of the process close to the cell body versus motion far away from the cell body), and found that the effect was approximately the same, regardless of the ...
MKL1 and MKL2 play redundant and crucial roles in
... megakaryocyte differentiation to better understand acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). The reciprocal t(1;22) translocation that is consistently associated with AMKL results in fusion of the RBM15 (RNA-binding motif 15) and MKL1 (megakaryoblastic leukemia 1) genetic loci.1,2 RBM15, an RNA-bindin ...
... megakaryocyte differentiation to better understand acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). The reciprocal t(1;22) translocation that is consistently associated with AMKL results in fusion of the RBM15 (RNA-binding motif 15) and MKL1 (megakaryoblastic leukemia 1) genetic loci.1,2 RBM15, an RNA-bindin ...
NH3/N2/CO2 I I |-|2
... numerous applications, such as hydrogen production, fuel cells, sensors and puri?cation processes, for example. [0012] As shoWn in FIG. 1, urea may be subjected to elec trolysis in an electrolytic device to form H2. The electrolytic device may comprise a cell or multiple cells that each con tains an ...
... numerous applications, such as hydrogen production, fuel cells, sensors and puri?cation processes, for example. [0012] As shoWn in FIG. 1, urea may be subjected to elec trolysis in an electrolytic device to form H2. The electrolytic device may comprise a cell or multiple cells that each con tains an ...
Spatiotemporal Patterning of Reactive Oxygen Production and Ca2+
... Figure 4. Interdependence between Ca2cyt and ROS Production. (A) Injection of Br2BAPTA (4 mM final intracellular concentration) into the rhizoid cell inhibited mitochondrial ROS production (monitored at 140 s after hyperosmotic treatment) in cells loaded for 20 min with CM-DCFH2-DA but not in the a ...
... Figure 4. Interdependence between Ca2cyt and ROS Production. (A) Injection of Br2BAPTA (4 mM final intracellular concentration) into the rhizoid cell inhibited mitochondrial ROS production (monitored at 140 s after hyperosmotic treatment) in cells loaded for 20 min with CM-DCFH2-DA but not in the a ...
Poster
... E-cadherin. β-catenin also mediates events regulated by the Wnt pathway, through its binding of Tcf/Lef family transcription factors via its charged button domain. Wnt signaling is an important regulator of diverse events, including differentiation during embryonic development, and regulated prolife ...
... E-cadherin. β-catenin also mediates events regulated by the Wnt pathway, through its binding of Tcf/Lef family transcription factors via its charged button domain. Wnt signaling is an important regulator of diverse events, including differentiation during embryonic development, and regulated prolife ...
Hopanoids Play a Role in Membrane Integrity and pH
... prevalence in ancient marine petroleum source rocks, they were proposed as biomarkers not only for cyanobacteria, but also for oxygenic photosynthesis (49, 56). However, there is no evidence that functionally links 2-methylbacteriohopanepolyols (2-MeBHPs) with oxygenic photosynthesis in modern cyano ...
... prevalence in ancient marine petroleum source rocks, they were proposed as biomarkers not only for cyanobacteria, but also for oxygenic photosynthesis (49, 56). However, there is no evidence that functionally links 2-methylbacteriohopanepolyols (2-MeBHPs) with oxygenic photosynthesis in modern cyano ...
Rheb and mammalian target of rapamycin in mitochondrial
... Metabolic processes in a cell require the continuous input of energy in the form of ATP. In the presence of nutrients and oxygen, mitochondria are the major suppliers of ATP. The metabolic process inside mitochondria that uses energy released during the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP is calle ...
... Metabolic processes in a cell require the continuous input of energy in the form of ATP. In the presence of nutrients and oxygen, mitochondria are the major suppliers of ATP. The metabolic process inside mitochondria that uses energy released during the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP is calle ...
Identity and activity of marine microbial populations as
... activity. These approaches should optimally provide a resolution at the level of single populations or even cells as bulk activity measurements seldom correlate with total abundances of bacteria and specific microbial populations may mediate central biogeochemical processes. At the end of the 1990’s ...
... activity. These approaches should optimally provide a resolution at the level of single populations or even cells as bulk activity measurements seldom correlate with total abundances of bacteria and specific microbial populations may mediate central biogeochemical processes. At the end of the 1990’s ...
Small Nucleolar RNAs and Pre
... Although there is no direct evidence for the function of the plant snoRNAs that have been identified to date, their sequence and putative structural similarity to their animal and yeast counterparts point to conserved functions in rRNA processing or modification. The more abundant snoRNAs, U3, U14, ...
... Although there is no direct evidence for the function of the plant snoRNAs that have been identified to date, their sequence and putative structural similarity to their animal and yeast counterparts point to conserved functions in rRNA processing or modification. The more abundant snoRNAs, U3, U14, ...
Extended PDF
... pellicles at the air-liquid interface of standing cultures (Aguilar et al., 2007; Branda et al., 2001a; Lopez et al., 2009; Vlamakis et al., 2008). Cells in the pellicles are held together by an extracellular matrix consisting of exopolysaccharide and amyloidlike fibers largely composed of the prote ...
... pellicles at the air-liquid interface of standing cultures (Aguilar et al., 2007; Branda et al., 2001a; Lopez et al., 2009; Vlamakis et al., 2008). Cells in the pellicles are held together by an extracellular matrix consisting of exopolysaccharide and amyloidlike fibers largely composed of the prote ...
GbPDF1 Is Involved in Cotton Fiber Initiation via
... 1988a, 1988b; Lee et al., 2006, 2007). In addition, numerous fiber-related ESTs were produced and characterized at the transcriptional level in efforts to explore the molecular basis of fiber cell initiation (Lee et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2007). Comparative analyses of gene express ...
... 1988a, 1988b; Lee et al., 2006, 2007). In addition, numerous fiber-related ESTs were produced and characterized at the transcriptional level in efforts to explore the molecular basis of fiber cell initiation (Lee et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2007). Comparative analyses of gene express ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
... Activation product of complement proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
... Activation product of complement proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab
... The L–R axis is determined during embryonic development, after the two other primary body axes [anteroposterior (A-P) and dorsoventral (D-V)] have been established. In the last decade, pioneering studies showed that L–R axis determination is under genetic control.3 Subsequently, genetic cascades and ...
... The L–R axis is determined during embryonic development, after the two other primary body axes [anteroposterior (A-P) and dorsoventral (D-V)] have been established. In the last decade, pioneering studies showed that L–R axis determination is under genetic control.3 Subsequently, genetic cascades and ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.