NYS Lab: Diffusion Through a Membrane
... • exposure to a strongly hypotonic solution resulted in the cell's ability to quickly adjust to ...
... • exposure to a strongly hypotonic solution resulted in the cell's ability to quickly adjust to ...
AtCSLD3, A Cellulose Synthase-Like Gene
... 1998). To date, multiple CeSA genes have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome that are closely related to the cotton CeSA cDNAs (Cutler and Somerville, 1997; Holland et al., 2000; Richmond and Somerville, 2000; http://cellwall.stanford.edu/ cellwall). Based on sequence comparison, CeSA proteins ...
... 1998). To date, multiple CeSA genes have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome that are closely related to the cotton CeSA cDNAs (Cutler and Somerville, 1997; Holland et al., 2000; Richmond and Somerville, 2000; http://cellwall.stanford.edu/ cellwall). Based on sequence comparison, CeSA proteins ...
... a measure of radial depth within the embryo. Measures of the distances between forebrain regions were taken along the curved surface of the embryo, within a plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis, passing through the centroid. These distances were also converted to relative angles by taking ...
Neural Activity in Primary Motor Cortex Related to Mechanical Loads
... the mechanical load was applied directly to the upper arm and forearm, and not through the hand. Five repeat trials of each load condition were presented in a pseudo-random block design. Data analyses were based on the mean discharge of the cell for the last 2 seconds of each trial. We used conventi ...
... the mechanical load was applied directly to the upper arm and forearm, and not through the hand. Five repeat trials of each load condition were presented in a pseudo-random block design. Data analyses were based on the mean discharge of the cell for the last 2 seconds of each trial. We used conventi ...
Structure and Organelles
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
Persistent Firing Supported by an Intrinsic Cellular
... To examine the contribution of fast ionotropic synaptic transmission to the persistent firing, we tested the effect of synaptic blockers in a different set of cells. In these experiments, the cholinergic agonist carbachol and synaptic blockers were added to the ACSF perfusing the slice preparation b ...
... To examine the contribution of fast ionotropic synaptic transmission to the persistent firing, we tested the effect of synaptic blockers in a different set of cells. In these experiments, the cholinergic agonist carbachol and synaptic blockers were added to the ACSF perfusing the slice preparation b ...
A Unique Role for Kv3 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in
... selectivity is governed by direction-selective inhibition from starburst amacrine cells occurring during stimulus movement in the opposite or null direction. To understand the intrinsic membrane properties of starburst cells responsible for direction-selective GABA release, we performed whole-cell r ...
... selectivity is governed by direction-selective inhibition from starburst amacrine cells occurring during stimulus movement in the opposite or null direction. To understand the intrinsic membrane properties of starburst cells responsible for direction-selective GABA release, we performed whole-cell r ...
Centrosome Maturation and Mitotic Spindle Assembly in C. elegans
... temperature matured into fertile adults (see Experimental Procedures). We conclude that other genes provide similar functions later in development, or that SPD-5 and centrosomes may be important for bipolar spindle ...
... temperature matured into fertile adults (see Experimental Procedures). We conclude that other genes provide similar functions later in development, or that SPD-5 and centrosomes may be important for bipolar spindle ...
Cleavage modification did not alter early blastomere fates
... parallel to the plane of the first cleavage resulting in four internal (subscript i) and four external ...
... parallel to the plane of the first cleavage resulting in four internal (subscript i) and four external ...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor and Potassium Depolarization Maintain
... targets of neuronal innervation (Oppenheim, 1991; Johnson and Deckworth, 1993). Several such factors have been identified in mammalian systems in recent years, and these include the neurotrophins: nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin4/5, i ...
... targets of neuronal innervation (Oppenheim, 1991; Johnson and Deckworth, 1993). Several such factors have been identified in mammalian systems in recent years, and these include the neurotrophins: nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin4/5, i ...
Cadaverine is Transported into Vibrio vulnificus Through its CadB in
... Consistently, the cadA mutant is protected by the exogenously added cadaverine at pH 8.5 (Fig. 1, B3 and Fig. 3, B3). Therefore, cadaverine is transported into the cell through CadB at pH 8.5. The cadB-complemented strain after 1.5-h exposure to cadaverine showed a 2-fold higher level of cellular ca ...
... Consistently, the cadA mutant is protected by the exogenously added cadaverine at pH 8.5 (Fig. 1, B3 and Fig. 3, B3). Therefore, cadaverine is transported into the cell through CadB at pH 8.5. The cadB-complemented strain after 1.5-h exposure to cadaverine showed a 2-fold higher level of cellular ca ...
High levels of tRNA abundance and alteration of tRNA charging by
... fluorescent-labeled and then directly hybridized onto microarrays printed with complementary oligonucleotide probes (Fig. 1A). The overall tRNA abundance in each cell line compared to bone marrow cells from a healthy donor is presented as the median and mean values of individual tRNA probes after eac ...
... fluorescent-labeled and then directly hybridized onto microarrays printed with complementary oligonucleotide probes (Fig. 1A). The overall tRNA abundance in each cell line compared to bone marrow cells from a healthy donor is presented as the median and mean values of individual tRNA probes after eac ...
Silicification in the Microalgae
... was characterized (Yoshida et al. 2006). Prymnesium neolepis has several layers of oval and hat-shaped siliceous scales (termed liths), 4–6 μm wide by 5–7 μm long, with a hyaline brim, and an elevated region perforated by many pores (Fig. 1f). Other species of Prymnesium have been characterized with ...
... was characterized (Yoshida et al. 2006). Prymnesium neolepis has several layers of oval and hat-shaped siliceous scales (termed liths), 4–6 μm wide by 5–7 μm long, with a hyaline brim, and an elevated region perforated by many pores (Fig. 1f). Other species of Prymnesium have been characterized with ...
Lymphatic vessels and tertiary lymphoid organs
... TLOs, also referred to as ectopic lymphoid tissues, are accumulations of cells in chronic inflammation (reviewed in ref. 20) and are referred to as tertiary to distinguish them from SLOs. SLOs arise during development at key locations in the body under the control of a precise developmental program, ...
... TLOs, also referred to as ectopic lymphoid tissues, are accumulations of cells in chronic inflammation (reviewed in ref. 20) and are referred to as tertiary to distinguish them from SLOs. SLOs arise during development at key locations in the body under the control of a precise developmental program, ...
Coordination of peptidoglycan synthesis and outer membrane
... All bacterial cells are surrounded by a membrane, which forms a protective barrier around the cell. Most bacteria also have a wall surrounding the membrane, which provides structural support. When a bacterial cell divides to produce two daughter cells, it produces a belt-like structure around the mi ...
... All bacterial cells are surrounded by a membrane, which forms a protective barrier around the cell. Most bacteria also have a wall surrounding the membrane, which provides structural support. When a bacterial cell divides to produce two daughter cells, it produces a belt-like structure around the mi ...
PDF - Hormones.gr
... Autophagy (ATG) is the process of bulk degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins, macromolecular aggregates, and damaged intracellular organelles. Cellular homeostasis requires continuous removal of worn-out components and replacement with newly synthesized ones. Studies in yeast and other ma ...
... Autophagy (ATG) is the process of bulk degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins, macromolecular aggregates, and damaged intracellular organelles. Cellular homeostasis requires continuous removal of worn-out components and replacement with newly synthesized ones. Studies in yeast and other ma ...
Actin branching in the initiation and maintenance of lamellipodia
... the actin filaments, readily identified from their characteristic helical substructure, organized in a diagonal array. The thickness of Rac induced lamellipodia was generally less than observed in fibroblasts used in our previous study (Urban et al, 2010) and resulted in a corresponding improvement ...
... the actin filaments, readily identified from their characteristic helical substructure, organized in a diagonal array. The thickness of Rac induced lamellipodia was generally less than observed in fibroblasts used in our previous study (Urban et al, 2010) and resulted in a corresponding improvement ...
Spherical particles of halophilic archaea correlate with exposure to
... Environmental Microbiology, 12, 440–454). Searching for a method to produce such particles in the laboratory, we exposed rod-shaped cells of Halobacterium species to reduced external water activity (aw). Gradual formation of spheres of about 0.4 lm diameter occurred in 4 M NaCl buffer of aw 0.75, ...
... Environmental Microbiology, 12, 440–454). Searching for a method to produce such particles in the laboratory, we exposed rod-shaped cells of Halobacterium species to reduced external water activity (aw). Gradual formation of spheres of about 0.4 lm diameter occurred in 4 M NaCl buffer of aw 0.75, ...
Liver cytokine production and ICAM
... Submitted 14 July 2006; accepted in final form 12 August 2006 ...
... Submitted 14 July 2006; accepted in final form 12 August 2006 ...
ABA control of plant macroelement membrane transport systems in
... proteins, ABCG25 and ABCG40, have been identified as ABA transporters in Arabidopsis by two independent studies (Kang et al., 2010; Kuromori et al., 2010). Arabidopsis abcg25 and abcg40 mutant plants decreased the responses to ABA-induced dormancy and stomatal closure (Kang et al., 2010; Kuromori et ...
... proteins, ABCG25 and ABCG40, have been identified as ABA transporters in Arabidopsis by two independent studies (Kang et al., 2010; Kuromori et al., 2010). Arabidopsis abcg25 and abcg40 mutant plants decreased the responses to ABA-induced dormancy and stomatal closure (Kang et al., 2010; Kuromori et ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... defined time in the cell cycle and at the single, defined site on the chromosome, the replication origin oriC. The oriC region usually contains binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (DnaA boxes) and repeats of an AT-rich sequence (13-mers) (reviewed by Thomas & Jagura-Burdzy, 1991). The chrom ...
... defined time in the cell cycle and at the single, defined site on the chromosome, the replication origin oriC. The oriC region usually contains binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (DnaA boxes) and repeats of an AT-rich sequence (13-mers) (reviewed by Thomas & Jagura-Burdzy, 1991). The chrom ...
PDF
... at the third instar larval stage of development, when organs are still growing, and not at the mid-pupal stage of development, when apoptosis removes supernumerary cells in the D. melanogaster eye. Therefore, we hypothesized that Ft and Ex control SWH pathway activity in the D. melanogaster eye in a ...
... at the third instar larval stage of development, when organs are still growing, and not at the mid-pupal stage of development, when apoptosis removes supernumerary cells in the D. melanogaster eye. Therefore, we hypothesized that Ft and Ex control SWH pathway activity in the D. melanogaster eye in a ...
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Toll
... followed by a third coding exon. Alternative splicing of exon II was detected primarily in human blood monocytes. The proximal promoter, exon I, and part of intron I were found to be located in a CpG island. Although CpG methylation of the proximal human TLR2 promoter in cell lines correlated with T ...
... followed by a third coding exon. Alternative splicing of exon II was detected primarily in human blood monocytes. The proximal promoter, exon I, and part of intron I were found to be located in a CpG island. Although CpG methylation of the proximal human TLR2 promoter in cell lines correlated with T ...
Stat3/Cdc25a-dependent cell proliferation promotes embryonic axis
... premature stop codons, encoding proteins predicted to lack almost all the critical functional domains of the Stat3 protein (Fig 1B). Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], ...
... premature stop codons, encoding proteins predicted to lack almost all the critical functional domains of the Stat3 protein (Fig 1B). Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], ...
ExamplePoster3 - Bridgewater College
... Matthew B. Persinger, Matthew Shull, and Stephen F. Baron, Biology Dept., Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA 22812 ...
... Matthew B. Persinger, Matthew Shull, and Stephen F. Baron, Biology Dept., Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA 22812 ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.